cele 3 diateze

8/13/2019 Cele 3 Diateze

1/10

CELE 3 DIATEZE

1. Diateza activ : "eu" fac "tu" suferi2. Diateza pasiv : "tu" faci "eu" sufr3. Diateza refelxiv : "eu" fac "eu" sufr1. Diateza activ:

In limba englez toate verbele fac interogativul si negativul cu verbul auxiliarto do ;(excepie fac verbele to have, to be, can , must, maycare fac interogativulprin inversare si negativul cu "not").

Conjugarea verbului neregulat to go la cele 8 timpuri :

Togo went gone

Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ

PRESENT

I go- eu merg I do notgo eu nu merg doI go? merg eu ?You go you do notgo doyou go?He goes he does notgo doeshe go?She goes she does notgo doesshe go?

It goes it does notgo doesit go?We go we do notgo do we go?You go you do notgo doyou go?They go they do notgo do they go?

PAST TENSE

I went - eu am mers I did notgo eu n-am mers did I go ? am mers eu ?You went you did notgo did you go?He went he did notgo did he go?

She went she did notgo didshe go?It went it did notgo didit go?We went we did notgo didwe go ?You went you did notgo did you go?They went they did notgo did they go?

1


2/10

PRESENT PERFECT( to have+ forma a 3-a a verbului de conjugat )

Ihavegone - eu am mers I have notgone eu n-am mers have I gone? am mers eu ?

Youhavegone youhave notgone have you gone ?He hasgone hehas notgone has he gone?Shehasgone shehas notgone has she gone?It hasgone ithas notgone has it gone?Wehavegone wehave notgone have we gone ?You havegone youhave notgone have you gone?Theyhavegone theyhave notgone have they gone?

PAST PERFECT( had+ forma a 3-a a verbului de conjugat )

Ihadgone -eu mersesem Ihad notgone eu nu mersesem had I gone? mersesem euYouhad gone youhad notgone had you gone ?Hehad gone hehad notgone had hegone ?She had gone shehad notgone had she gone ?It had gone it had notgone had it gone ?Wehad gone wehad notgone had we goneYouhad gone youhad notgone had you gone ?Theyhad gone theyhad notgone had theygone ?

CONDITIONAL( shouldla persoana I-a i would la persoanele a II-a si a III-a )

I should go- eu a merge I should notgo eu nu a merge should I go ? a merge euYou wouldgo you wouldnotgo wouldyou go?He wouldgo he would notgo wouldhe go?She wouldgo she would notgo wouldshe go?It wouldgo it would notgo wouldit go?We shouldgo we should notgo shouldwe go ?You wouldgo you would notgo wouldyou go?They wouldgo they would notgo wouldthey go?

In ultimul timp should se folosete mai ales cu inelesul de "ar trebui" si de aceeal gsim mai puin folosit la persoana a I-a singular si plural ca auxiliar , rolul lui fiindluat de would( I would go = eu a merge; I should go = eu ar trebui s merg).

2


3/10

PAST CONDITIONAL( havecare se traduce "fi"si forma a 3-a a verbului )

I shouldhavegone- eu a fimers I should nothavegone shouldI havegone?You would have gone you would not havegone would you havegone?

He would havegone he would nothavegone wouldhe have gone ?She wouldhave gone she would nothavegone wouldshe havegone?It wouldhavegone it would nothavegone wouldit have gone?We should havegone we should nothavegone should we have gone ?You wouldhavegone you would nothavegone would you havegone?They wouldhavegone they would nothavegone wouldthey havegone?

FUTURE( shallpentru persoana I-a, i willpentru persoanele a II-a si aIII-a )

I shallgo- eu voi merge I shallnotgo eu nu voi merge shall I go? voi merge eu?

You willgo you will notgo willyou go?He will go he will notgo willhe go?She willgo she will notgo will she go ?It willgo it will notgo willit go?We shallgo we shall notgo shallwe go?You willgo you will notgo will you go?They will go they will notgo willthey go?

"Shall"se folosete mai ales pentru sugestiesi de aceea will l va inlocui la per-soana a I-a singular si plural. ( I will go = eu voi merge) :

what shall we do ? - ce s facem ?where shall we go ? - unde s mergem ?when shall we leave ? - cnd s plecm ?why shall we stay ? - de ce s stm ?who shall we see ? - pe cine s vedem ?

Cnd se intreab cu "shall" se rspunde cu "let":

shallwe take a taxi ? - s lum un taxi ?yes, let's take it - da, s-l lumno, let's not take it - nu, s nu-l lum

shallwe leave or not ? - s plecm sau nu ?yes, let's leave - da, s plecmno, let's not leave - nu, s nu plecm

3


4/10

PAST FUTURE( have care se traduce "fi"i forma a 3-a a verbului )

I shallhavegone- eu voi fi mers I shall nothave gone shallI have gone?You will havegone you will nothavegone willyou have gone?

He willhavegone he will nothave gone willhe have gone?She willhavegone she willnothavegone will she have gone ?It willhave gone it will nothavegone willit have gone?We shall have gone we shall nothavegone shallwe have gone?You willhave gone you willnothave gone will you have gone?They willhavegone they will not have gone willthey havegone ?

2. Diateza pasiv :

Diateza pasiv se folosete cu verbul auxiliar "to be" si cu forma a 3-aa verbelor lacare se adaug "by" (dar nu n toate cazurile ) .

Diateza pasiv se mparte in ase categorii :

I. Traducerea se face cu "a fi"+ "de":To be helped by - a fi ajutat de To be surrounded by - a fi nconjurat de To be eaten by - a fi mncat de To be collected by -To be scattered by -To be protected by -To be cheated by -To be kissed by -To be beaten by -To be defeated by -To be gathered by -

I am helped bythem anytime I need. - eu sunt ajutat de ei ori de cte ori am nevoie

II. Traducerea se face cu "mi se", "ti se", "i se", "ni se", "vi se", "li se" :

To tell to promiseTo give to permitTo show to answerTo buyTo bringTo sendTo teachTo explainTo forbid

He is told stories byhis Mother every evening. - i se spun povetidectre mama luin fiecare seara 4


5/10

III. "Verb" + "prepoziie adverbial"Diateza activ poate fi transformat oricnd in diatez pasiv :

We look at them ( "look" - verbul ; "at" - prepoziia adverbial ) -noi i privimThey are looked at byus -noi i privim ( la diateza pasiv)

They look for us - ei ne caut (la diateza activa )We are looked for bythem - ei ne caut(la diateza pasiv)Mothers look after their children

The children are looked after bytheir MothersWe must wait for her to come

She must be waited forto come by usMy Father paid for the book last night

The book was paid for bymy Father last nightWe speak about the news

The news is spoken about byusHe thinks of English

English is thought byhimPeople think about meI am thought about bypeople (how good it is to be thought about by people )

She sleeps in bed comfortablyThe bed is slept in byher comfortably

A bus ran into my carMy car was run into bya bus

A car runs over a childA child is run over bya car

They will call on us soonWe will be call on bythem soon

He has just taken off his clothes - el tocmai i-a scos hainele (activ)His clothes have just been taken off byhim-el tocmai i-a scos hainele(pasiv)

The police would arrive at the airportThe airport would be arrived at bythe police

IV. "Substantive" + "se"Aici intr de regul generalizrile

Tables are made of wood - mesele se fac din lemnHorses are tamed little by little - caii se mblnzesc puin cte puinCakes are brought home by my MotherGood books are read quicklyBears are hunted in autumnWhales are prohibited to be hunted - se interzice vnatul balenelor

V. "It"+ "nominativ"( verbe cu "se" +"c" )Itis known (that) I sleep little - se tie c dorm puinIt is seen (that) theyunderstand English - se vede c ei ineleg engleza 5


6/10

It is considered (that) heis wrong in what he saysIt is believed (that) wecan speak only EnglishItis supposed (that) it is not so

like thisthis way

Itis thought (that) she sings wellItis understood (that) sheknows what you ask herItis reported (that) you go thereIt is heard (that) the studentslearn muchIt is hoped (that) summer lasts longIt is announced (that) bad weathercomesIt is feared (that) theyfall illIt is believed (that) my friends know the secretIt is supposed (that) everyone goes out today

VI. "Nominativ" + "infinitiv" (se traduc ca pasive "V" - verbe cu "se" +"c" )

I am known to sleep little - se tie c dorm puinThey are seen to understandEnglish - se vede c ei ineleg englezaHe is considered to be wrong in what he saysWe are believed to be ableto speak EnglishItis supposed not to be so

like thisthis way

She is thought to sing wellShe is understood to know what you ask herYou are reported to go thereThe studentsare heard to learn muchSummer is hoped to last longBad weather si announced to comeThey are fearedto fall illMy friends are believed to know the secretEveryone is supposed to go out today

The past of passive voice "VI"

I am known to have sleptlittle - se tie c am dormit puin, se tie s fi dormit puinThey are seen to have understoodEnglish - se vede ca au neles engleza, s fi inelesHe is considered to have been wrong in what he said - se consider s se fi inelatWe are believed to have been able to speak only English - se crede c am putut sIt is supposed not to have been so - se presupune c nu a fost aa , s nu fi fost aa

this waylike this

She was thought to have sung well-s-a crezut c a cntat bine, s-a crezut s fi cntatShe was understood to have known what you asked her - s-a ineles c ea a tiut ce ai

ntrebat-o 6


7/10

CONTINUOUS ASPECT OF PASSIVE VOICE( se pune "being" dup verbul to be )

I am sent to London

I am being sent to LondonI was sent to London

I was beingsent to LondonI have been sent to London

I have been being sent to LondonI had been sent to London

I had been being sent to LondonI would be sent to London

I would be beingsent to LondonI will be sent to London

I will be being sent to London

Conjugarea verbului "to go" la pasiv "to be gone"

PRESENT

I am gone I am not gone am I gone?You are gone you are not gone are you gone?He is gone he is not gone is he gone ?

She is gone she is not gone is she gone?It is gone it is not gone is it gone?We are gone we are not gone are we gone?You are gone you are not gone are you gone ?They are gone they are not gone are they gone?

PAST TENSE

I was gone I was not gone was I gone ?You were gone you were not gone were you gone?He was gone he was not gone was he gone?

She was gone she was not gone was she gone ?It was gone it was not gone was it gone?We were gone we were not gone were we gone?You were gone you were not gone were you gone?They were gone they were not gone were they gone?

7


8/10

PRESENT PERFECT

I have been gone I have not been gone have I been gone ?You have been gone you have not been gone have you been gone ?He has been gone he has not been gone has he been gone?

She has been gone she has not been gone has she been gone?It has been gone it has not been gone has it been gone ?We have been gone we have not been gone have we been gone ?You have been gone you have not been gone have you been gone ?They have been gone they have not been gone have they been gone ?

PAST PERFECT

I had been gone I had not been gone had I been gone ?You had been gone you had notgone had you been gone?He had been gone he had ntgone had he been gone ?

She had been gone she had notgone had she been gone ?It had been gone it had notgone had it beengone ?We had been gone we had notgone had we been gone ?You had been gone you had notgone had you been gone ?They had been gone they had notgone had they been gone?

CONDITIONAL

I should be gone I should not be gone should I be gone ?You would be gone you would not be gone would you be gone?He would be gone he would not be gone would he be gone?She would be gone she would not be gone would she be gone?It would be gone it would not be gone would it be gone?We should be gone we should not be gone should we be gone?You would be gone you would not be gone would you be gone?They would be gone they would not be gone would they be gone?

PAST CONDITIONAL

I should have been gone I should not have been gone should I have been gone?You would have been gone you would not have been gone would you have been gone?He would have been gone he would not have been gone would he have been gone?She would have been gone she would not have been gone would she have been gone?It would have been gone it would not have been gone would it have been gone?We should have been gone we would not have been gone should we have been gone?You would have been goneyou would not have been gone would you have been gone?They would have been gonethey would not have been gone would they have been gone

8


9/10

FUTURE

I shall be gone I shall not be gone shall I be gone?You will be gone you will not be gone will you be gone?He will be gone he will not be gone will he be gone?

She will be gone she will not be gone will she be gone?It will be gone it will not be gone will it be gone?We shall be gone we shall not be gone shall we be gone?You will be gone you will not be gone will you be gone?They wiil be gone they will not be gone will they be gone?

PAST FUTURE

I shall have been gone I shall not have been gone shall I have been gone?You will have been gone you will not have been gone will you have been gone?He will have been gone he will not have beengone will he have beengone ?

She will have been gone she will not have beengone will she have beengone ?It will have been gone it will not have beengone will it have beengone ?We will have been gone we shall not have beengone shall we have beengone ?You will have been gone you will not have beengone will you have beengone ?They will have been gone they will not have beengone will they have beengone ?

3. Diateza reflexiv:

Diateza reflexiv se formeaza cu pronumele reflexiv : myself - eu nsumi

yourself - tu nsuiWhat have you done with yourself in the meantime himself - el nsuiWhat shall we do with ourselves all day in the countryherself - ea nsi

itself - el nsui, ea nsiourselves - noi nsineyourselves - voi nsiv

themselves - ei nii, ele nseiNu toate verbele pot fi folosite la diateza reflexiv cu pronumele reflexiv :

To wash (oneself )To brushTo enjoyTo combTo cutTo dryTo dressTo scratchTo stretchTo save

9


10/10

I wash myself - I wash myselfYou wash yourself I do it myselfHe washes himself I do it by myselfShe washes herselfIt washes itself

We wash ourselvesYou wash yourselvesThey wash themselves

10

cele 3 diateze

Documents