ce morphological characteristics of icrisat-bred pearl...

The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profi t, non-political organization that does innovative agricultural research and capacity building for sustainable development with a wide array of partners across the globe. ICRISAT’s mission is to help empower 644 million poor people to overcome hunger, poverty and a degraded environment in the dry tropics through better agriculture. ICRISAT is supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).

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157-09

Morphological Characteristics of ICRISAT-bred Pearl Millet

Hybrid Seed Parents

MorphologicalCharacteristicsBookCoverJobNo157-09_spF.indd 1 4/28/2010 3:25:51 PM

Citation: Rai KN, Gupta SK, Bhattacharjee Ranjana, Kulkarni VN, Singh AK and Rao AS (eds.). 2009. Morphological Characteristics of ICRISAT-bred Pearl Millet Hybrid Seed Parents. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 176 pp. (http://www.icrisat.org/what-we-do/publications/digital-publications/icrisat-publications-2010/morphologi-cal-pearlmillet.pdf).


Edited byKN Rai, SK Gupta, Ranjana Bhattacharjee,

VN Kulkarni, AK Singh and AS Rao

Morphological Characteristicsof ICRISAT-bred Pearl Millet

Hybrid Seed Parents

2009

Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India

MorphologicalCharacteristicsBookInnerJobNo157-09_spF.indd 1 4/28/2010 3:39:36 PM

iii

Contents

Foreword ............................................................................................... iv

Introduction ............................................................................................. 1

Materials and Methods ........................................................................... 2

Results and Discussion .......................................................................... 5

References ........................................................................................... 13

Annexure I ............................................................................................ 14

Annexure II ........................................................................................... 19

Annexure III .......................................................................................... 35

Key Characteristics of Seed Parents .................................................... 70


iv

Foreword

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is an important staple crop for millions of poor rural households in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Owing to its importance for food, feed and fodder, considerable global efforts have gone into improving its productivity through genetic enhancement. ICRISAT has a global mandate for conserving the genetic resources of pearl millet and enhancing its productivity in Asia and Africa. This is done through collaborative research with multiple partners in the national agriculture research systems (NARS), advanced research institutes, private sector, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Initially, ICRISAT’s focus on pearl millet improvement was in developing open pollinated varieties (OPVs), based on an assumption that OPVs have wider adaptation, and that farmers can use their grain harvest as seed for the next crop, implying its cost effectiveness. Later research, however, showed that hybrids may have adaptations as wide as OPVs and that seed cost is not the most important investment criteria in pearl millet cultivation. The seed rate in pearl millet is just about 3-4 kg/ha, and farmers in India often prefer to purchase new seed every year on account of its cost effectiveness, and better quality than their own saved seeds. Most important of all, hybrids in general have a 20-30% grain yield advantage over OPVs. Further, private seed companies as signifi cant and competent players in pearl millet hybrid development and delivery in India, had little interest in OPVs. Based on the above realities, public sector breeding programs in India have gradually and almost totally shifted to hybrid development. In alignment with the regional priority of the Asia region, pearl millet research at ICRISAT-Patancheru followed a strategy of developing improved breeding lines and potential hybrid parents, leaving the development, testing and release of hybrids to the public sector programs and the private sector. At ICRISAT, these materials are generated and disseminated as international public goods.

ICRISAT-bred male-sterile lines and restorer lines are developed mostly by breeding methods that leave cryptic variability within the lines from which within-line selections can be made with slight modifi cation in plant traits. In view of the increasing awareness of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection, it was considered necessary to characterize ICRISAT-bred parental lines and place them in the public domain to enhance ICRISAT’s ability to protect these materials from any possible infringement, and to allow unhindered access by public organizations globally. A beginning was


v

made in this direction with the characterization of male-sterile lines using the descriptors developed for the Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS)–test.

During the 1981–2004 period, ICRISAT developed 99 male-sterile lines (A-lines) and their corresponding maintainers (B-lines) from a diverse genetic base and with diverse morphological traits. These lines were designated and disseminated as potential hybrid parents after evaluation for agronomic performance and resistance to diverse pathotypes of downy mildew, in the years they were designated. Although these lines have been developed from diverse genetic backgrounds and with diverse morphological traits, these had not been evaluated for a comprehensive set of morphological traits in common environments.

This document provides detailed characterization of 99 pairs of male-sterile lines (A-lines) and their counterpart maintainer lines (B-lines) for the traits stipulated in the DUS-test guidelines, based on their evaluation in two seasons at ICRISAT-Patancheru. The characterization data showed not only the differences among the A/B pairs, but also the extent to which they could be infl uenced by environmental factors, not to mention a small variability within some of the lines. Such variability among and within the lines provide opportunities for further selection and genetic enhancement; and it has implications in IPR protection as well.

It is my hope that this publication will be useful to all pearl millet researchers and seed producers worldwide.

William D. Dar

Director General, ICRISAT


1

Introduction Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.) is a major warm-season cereal grown on 26 million ha in the arid and semi-arid tropical (SAT) regions of Asia (>10 million ha) and Africa (15-16 million ha), with India being the largest producer (> 9 million ha) of this crop in the world. It is a highly cross-pollinated crop with an outcrossing rate of more than 85%. The protogynous fl owering and wind-borne pollination favor cross-pollination, making open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) as the natural cultivar state of this crop. OPVs, however, are not amenable to achieving as much heterozygosity and the consequent heterosis as it is possible in single-cross hybrids. Furthermore, OPVs are highly heterogeneous and hence morphologically more variable than single-cross hybrids. It has been observed that single-cross hybrids generally give 20-30% more grain yield than OPVs (Rai et al 2006). Based on these considerations, and with the availability of a commercially exploitable cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (CMS), the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) in India took the fi rst signifi cant step in the world to embark on grain hybrid development. With the rapid growth of a vibrant seed industry, pearl millet research in India, both in the private and the public sector, is now almost all directed towards hybrid breeding. In alignment with the regional priority in Asia region, ICRISAT’s pearl millet improvement research at Patancheru followed a strategy of developing improved breeding lines and potential hybrid parents, leaving the development, testing and release of hybrids to the NARS and the private sector.

There has been extensive use of ICRISAT-bred hybrid parents, especially seed parents (male-sterile lines), by both NARS and the private sector. For instance, 60-70% of the hybrids often included in the All India Trials and released by both NARS and the private sector are based on ICRISAT-bred seed parents. In view of the increasing awareness of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection, a need has been felt to characterize ICRISAT-bred parental lines and place them in public domain as international public goods. This would enhance ICRISAT’s ability to protect these materials from any possible infringement, and allow unhindered access by public organizations globally. During the 1981-2004, ICRISAT developed 99 male-sterile lines (A-lines) and their counterpart maintainers (B-lines). These lines were designated and disseminated as potential hybrid parents after evaluation for agronomic performance and resistance to downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet.), the most dreaded disease of pearl millet in India. These evaluations, however, were done in the years the lines were developed and designated. Although these lines have been developed


2

from diverse genetic backgrounds and with diverse morphological traits, these had not been evaluated for a comprehensive set of morphological traits in common environments. The objective of the present study was to characterize all the 99 pairs of A- and B-lines using 26 morphological traits developed as DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) descriptors as shown in Annexure I (AICPMIP, 2006).

Materials and MethodsPlant material and fi eld trials

In pearl millet improvement program at ICRISAT, the fi rst male sterile was developed in 1981 and was designated as 81A. Thereafter and till 1986, the lines were designated with a 3- digit number, the fi rst two digits indicating the year. Since 1988, 5-digit system was followed, where the fi rst two digits refer to the year in which they are designated and made available for use, followed by three digits (the same number in triplicate) for specifi c A/B pairs. For example, ICMA/B 97333 refers to the third A/B pair developed and designated in 1997 and ICMA/B 06555 refers to the fi fth A/B pair developed and designated in 2006 (Annexure II). The 99 A-lines in three diverse cytoplasmic backgrounds (63 A1, 35 A4 and 1Ag), and their counterpart B-lines were planted in a split-plot design, with 99 genotypes as main plots and two cytoplasms (fertile vs sterile) as sub-plots, in two replications during the 2005 postrainy (dry) season (February - May) and rainy season (July - October) at ICRISAT, Patancheru (18º N lat; 78º E long.). During the postrainy season, there was a total rainfall of 121 mm with weekly mean maximum temperatures ranging between 27 and 37°C, weekly mean minimum temperatures ranging between 15 and 23°C and relative humidity above 60% (Figure 1). During the rainy season, there was a total of 830 mm rainfall with the weekly mean maximum temperatures ranging between 27 and 32°C, weekly mean minimum temperatures ranging between 20 and 23°C and relative humidity >92% (Figure 2).

Each line was machine-planted in single row of 4 m with 60 cm spacing between the rows in postrainy season and 75 cm in the rainy season, and 15 cm spacing between the plants in both seasons. The experiment was conducted in Alfi sols with applied fertilizer levels of 80 kg ha-1 N (18% basal and rest as top dressing), and 46 kg ha-1 P (basal dose) with seven irrigations during the postrainy season and one irrigation during the rainy season. The standard cultural and agronomic practices were followed that included thinning and manual weeding at 15 days after sowing.


3

Data collection and analysis

The observations on nine quantitative traits were taken on 10 random plants in each plot for plant height (cm), panicle length (cm), panicle diameter (cm), number of productive tillers plant-1, number of nodes plant-1, leaf sheath length (cm), leaf blade length (cm), leaf blade width (cm) and 1000-grain weight (g). Time to 50% fl ower was recorded on plot basis when the main panicles of 50% of the plants in the plots had full stigma emergence. Data were also taken on 16 other traits. These included seedling color, panicle exsertion, panicle tip sterility, node pubescence, node pigmentation, internode pigmentation, leaf sheath pubescence, anther color, glume pigmentation, presence/absence of bristles in panicle, and bristle color for which data were recorded on the basis of visual assessment of individual

Fig. 1. Weekly distribution of rainfall (mm), maximum and minimum temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) during 2005 post-rainy(dry) season, ICRISAT, Patancheru.


4

plants (or parts of plants) within a plot (VS); or it was based on visual assessment of group of plants (or parts of plants) in a plot (VG) for traits such as plant growth habit, panicle shape, panicle density, seed color and seed shape. The mean plot values of the quantitative traits measured were subjected to analysis of variance for each season as well across the two seasons following split-plot design and using Genstat 10.1 software.

Fig. 2. Weekly distribution of rainfall (mm), maximum and minimum temperataure (°C) and relative humidity (%) during 2005 rainy season, ICRISAT, Patancheru.


5

Results and Discussion

Germplasm baseIn pearl millet improvement program at ICRISAT, hybrid parental lines (A/B pairs) are developed with considerable morphological diversity and then designated based on agronomic performance and resistance to at least two downy mildew (DM) pathotypes. Designated B-lines are rigorously screened often against fi ve diverse DM pathotypes under high disease pressure in the green house seedling inoculation test (80-90 % disease incidence in susceptible checks) and B-lines with <10% disease incidence are classifi ed as resistant. The parentage of 99 designated seed parental lines is provided in annexure II, which shows the utilization of a wide range of germplasm and improved lines in developing these lines. For instance, three B-lines were directly selected from the germplasm accessions, and 9 were selected directly from composites (Table 1). In addition, 21B-lines were derived from crosses that involved germplasm in their parentage and 19 lines had composites in their parentage. Thus, there were 52 seed parental lines that had some components of germplasm and /or composite in their parentage, indicating apparently substantial usage of germplasm/composites in the development of these seed parental lines. The remaining 47 seed parental lines were derived from crosses between elite inbred lines. Like any targeted breeding program, where some elite lines occur more frequently in the crosses, in this program also some lines were involved in

Table 1. Genetic base of designated seed parents (B-lines) of pearl millet bred at ICRISAT during 1981-2004.Germplasm base No. of

B-linesRemarks Genetic

base (Code)1

Germplasm 3 Inbreeding and selection directly from germplasm

1

Composite 9 Includes composites and open pollinated varieties

2

Germplasm* Elite line 21 Includes early-generation breeding lines derived from germplasm

3

Composite* Elite line 19 Includes early-generation breeding lines derived from composites

4

Elite line Elite line 47 Includes crosses between advanced generation lines

5

*Includes a line directly derived from a germplasm and similarly for composites.1Refer to Annexure II.


6

more crosses than others in the development of designated B-lines. For instance, 843B, known for its early maturity, large seed size, dwarf height, good tillering and good combining ability, was involved as the fi rst cycle or second cycle parent in 47 B-lines, followed by 81B in 16 B-lines and ICMB 89111 in 15 B-lines. ICMB 89111 itself involves 843B as one of the parents in its parentage indicating that 843 B is directly or in directly involved in 63% of the designated B–lines developed at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India.

Quantitative traitsThe overall mean for ten quantitative characters over both the seasons for all the 99 A/B pairs revealed that characters like plant height, leaf and panicle-related characters had increased expression in the rainy season than in the postrainy (dry) season. The reverse was true for characters like days to fl owering, number of productive tillers plant-1 and 1000-grain weight. A- and B-lines are expected to be genetically similar as they differ only for cytoplasm. However, pooled analysis of variance for 10 quantitative traits revealed that A- and B-lines had signifi cant differences between them for the expression of all the quantitative characters under study (Table 2). However, these differences were of small magnitude to have any practical signifi cance. For instance, A- lines, on the average, fl owered in 48 days, one day earlier than the average number of days taken by B-lines. Similarly, B-lines, on an average were only 0.7 cm taller in plant height and had 0.2 cm longer panicles than A-lines. Thus, the magnitude of the differences mentioned above can increase or decrease with the changes in the environment as the effect of the environment and its interaction with the cytoplasm was highly signifi cant.

The individual A/B pairs were further studied season-wise for the above traits to examine the contribution of cytoplasm x environment interaction (Annexure III). It was found that three A-lines in the rainy season and ten A-lines in the postrainy season fl owered signifi cantly earlier (3-6 days) than their counterpart B-lines. Amongst these lines, only ICMA 02777 was earlier than its B-line in both the seasons, while other A-lines showed earliness in comparison to their counterpart B-lines in one season only. Similarly, for plant height, in 6 A/B pairs in the rainy season and 4 pairs in the postrainy season, there were signifi cant differences between the A-and B-lines ranging from 9 to 12 cm. Three A-lines out of these 6 pairs in rainy season and two A-lines in postrainy season were shorter than their corresponding B-lines. Out of these, ICMA 02111 was found to be the only A- line which was shorter than its counterpart B- line in both the seasons. For panicle diameter, three


7

Tabl

e 2.

Mea

n sq

uare

s fo

r 10

quan

titat

ive

trai

ts in

pea

rl m

illet

see

d pa

rent

al li

nes.

Sou

rce

of

varia

tion

d.f.

Mea

n sq

uare

LSL

LBL

LBW

PL

PD

NN

PN

PT

PH

TTG

WD

FS

easo

n

159

2.41

*51

97.3

9 5

7.47

**

2.1

5 6

67.0

9 7

4.25

*22

.47*

195

1.79

125.

6017

76.0

5**

Rep

licat

ion/

Sea

son

2

0

.71

5210

.9

0.84

8

.63

24

.59

.

10 0

.48

35

2.7

7

.97

0.12

6

Gen

otyp

e 9

8 1

7.23

** 3

09.6

6**

1.

86**

122.

44**

111

.38*

*

3.64

** 5

.43*

* 2

545.

26**

15.

32**

9

8.52

**S

easo

n x

Gen

otyp

e 9

8

1.5

1**

3

2.8*

*

0.19

**

4.0

1**

6

.15*

*

0.83

** 0

.56*

*

293.

38**

2

.28*

*

20.

49**

Err

or (a

)19

6

0.2

9

6.

5

0.05

1

.09

1

.26

0.

28 0

.26

3

2.52

0

.65

2.49

Cyt

opla

sm

1

3.5

1**

169

.2**

0.

90**

10.

10*

51

.72*

*

7.90

** 4

.42*

*

84.

50*

8

.80*

* 1

88.1

3**

Sea

son

x C

ytop

lasm

1

1

.34*

*

15.

2*

0.00

3

.27

10

.64*

*

2.07

** 0

.83*

5

3.84

*

5.3

7**

7.69

**

Gen

otyp

e x

Cyt

opla

sm 9

8

0.2

4**

5.02

**

0.04

0

.94

1

.75*

*

0.16

** 0

.15

3

0.72

**

0.5

6*

1.

59**

Sea

son

x G

enot

ype

x C

ytop

lasm

98

0

.19*

*

2.

85

0.03

0

.72

0

.95

0.

11 0

.19

1

6.22

*

0.6

3**

1.09

*

Err

or (b

)19

8

0.1

1

2.

3

0.03

1

.11

0

.76

0.

09 0

.19

1

1.58

0

.35

0.69

d.f.

= D

egre

es o

f fre

edom

; LS

L =

Leaf

she

ath

leng

th; L

BL

= Le

af b

lade

leng

th; L

BW

= L

eaf b

lade

wid

th; P

L =

Pan

icle

leng

th;

PD

= P

anic

le d

iam

eter

; NN

P =

Num

ber o

f nod

es p

er p

lant

; NP

T =

Num

ber o

f pro

duct

ive

tille

rs; P

HT

= P

lant

hei

ght;

TGW

= 1

000-

grai

n w

eigh

t; D

F =

Day

s to

50%

fl ow

er;

* =

sign

ifi ca

nt a

t 5%

; **

= si

gnifi

cant

at 1

%


8

pairs in the rainy season and 22 A/B pairs in the postrainy season showed signifi cant differences in the range of 1.6 – 4.2 cm. No A/B pair was found to follow the same trend of response in both the seasons for panicle diameter. One A-line out of these 3 in rainy and only two A-lines out of these 22 pairs in postrainy season had thicker panicles than their corresponding B-lines. Similar trend of signifi cant differences were observed for 5 (A/B) pairs in the rainy season (in the range of 1.6- 2.4 g) and for 8 pairs in the postrainy season (in the range of 1.1- 1.8g) for 1000- grain weight. No line was found to follow same trend of response in both the seasons for 1000- grain weight. Thus, although some A/B pairs showed signifi cant differences between them for different characters in different seasons, this behavior was not found consistent across the seasons, indicating the effect of environment and its interactions with the cytoplasm. Such differences could also arise due to incomplete transfer of the entire genome of B-lines into A-lines as the A/B pairs were not developed by plant x plant crossing and pedigree breeding. Rather bulk pollen collected normally from 4-8 plants of the B-line was crossed onto 3-4 plants of the corresponding backcross progenies and both backcross progenies and B-lines were harvested as bulks for generation advance. If the latter is true, then prolonged backcrossing using plant x plant crossing approach might dissipate such differences. Assuming it to be so, we shall henceforth discuss the variability among B-lines in these 99 A/B pairs.

The effect of season on various traits in B-lines was also found to be signifi cant (Annexure III). These include leaf blade length (45.3 cm in rainy; 40.2 cm in postrainy), panicle diameter (2.7cm in rainy; 2.5 cm in postrainy), plant height (97.4 cm in rainy; 94.2 cm in postrainy), 1000- grain weight (9.7 g in rainy; 10.5 g in postrainy), and days to 50% fl ower (47 days in rainy and; 50 days in postrainy). The extent of variation attributable to seasonal effect on these lines may vary depending on the environments.

The utilization of diverse breeding materials in the development of these designated B-lines has resulted into a wide range of variability (Table 3). For instance, plant height ranged from 61 to 136 cm, 50 % fl owering from 41 to 60 days, panicle length from 12 to 35 cm and panicle diameter from 2 to 3.7 cm in these B-lines. There were only 5 genotypes, which had more than 4 tillers while most of the remaining had 2-3 productive tillers. Thus, immense variability shown among these designated B-lines provides ample opportunity to breed hybrids for specifi c requirements of different agro-climatic zones in pearl millet. Some of the lines used more widely in commercial seed production provide reference lines for specifi c


9

Tabl

e 3.

Fre

quen

cy d

istr

ibut

ion

of d

esig

nate

d pe

arl m

illet

B-li

nes

for g

rain

yie

ld a

nd it

s co

mpo

nent

trai

ts.

Trai

tN

o. o

f B-li

nes

in tr

ait c

lass

esR

ange

Ref

eren

ce

B-li

ne

Pla

nt h

eigh

t (c

m)

Trai

t Cla

ss60

-70

71-8

081

-90

91-1

0010

1-11

011

1-12

012

1-13

013

1-14

0M

inim

um61

81B

76

No.

of l

ines

617

1816

1913

82

Max

imum

136

841B

103

Day

s to

50

% fl

ower

(d

)

Trai

t Cla

ss<4

242

.1-4

545

.1-4

848

.1-5

151

.1-5

454

.1-5

757

.1-6

0M

inim

um41

843B

42

No.

of l

ines

38

2144

129

2M

axim

um60

81B

54

Num

ber o

f pr

oduc

tive

tille

rs p

lant

-1

Trai

t Cla

ss1

1.1-

22.

1-3

3.1-

44.

1-5

5.1-

6

Min

imum

189

111B

4.2

No.

of l

ines

031

4122

41

M

axim

um6

Pan

icle

le

ngth

(cm

)

Trai

t Cla

ss<1

515

.1-2

020

.1-2

525

.1-3

030

.1-3

5

Min

imum

1281

B21

.6

No.

of l

ines

1864

105

2

Max

imum

35

Pan

icle

di

amet

er

(cm

)

Trai

t Cla

ss2.

0-2.

52.

6-3.

03.

1-3.

53.

6-4.

0

Min

imum

286

3B3.

1

No.

of l

ines

3943

152

M

axim

um3.

7

1000

-gra

in

wei

ght (

g)

Trai

t Cla

ss6-

77.

1-8

8.1-

99.

1-10

10.1

-11

11.1

-12

12.1

-13

M

inim

um6

843B

11.2

No.

of l

ines

18

1525

2221

7

Max

imum

13


10

traits. For instance, 8 B-lines fl owered in 42-45 days and were in the same maturity group as the earliest-fl owering commercial seed parent 843B (42 days). This B-line is also popular for its large seed size. There were 21 designated B-lines that had comparable or higher 1000-grain weight than 843B (11.2g). In fact, 7 B-lines had more than 12g of 1000-grain weight. Another commercial seed parent 81B line is popular for its dwarf height and long panicles. There were 17 B-lines that were in the same height group as 81B (76cm), and 10 B-lines were in the same panicle length group as 81B (22 cm). ICMB 89111 is the highest-tillering line among the commercial seed parents. There were 4 B-lines that had tillering ability comparable to ICMB 89111 (4 tillers plant-1). One B-line, ICMB 02222 recorded even higher tillering than of ICMB 89111. 863B had the thickest panicles among the commercial seed parents. There were 17 designated B-lines that had panicle diameter comparable to or greater than 863B (3.1 cm).

Qualitative and quasi- qualitative traitsFrequency distribution of the 99 A/B pairs for 16 qualitative and quasi- qualitative characters revealed considerable variation for most of the traits except for traits like plant growth habit, presence of bristles in the panicle, bristle color, anthocyanin pigmentation on glumes and node, and leaf sheath pubescence ( Annexure III ) . Majority of the lines (90%) were erect in their growth habit. Only 8 lines had pubescent node and leaf sheath. Green color was most dominant for node (74%) and internode (87%) pigmentation, purple color being the next major trait. Majority of the lines had grey colored seeds (68%) followed by deep grey (29%) and cream colored (3%) seeds. Globular seed shape (77%) was most dominant, followed by obovate (19%) and only 4% lines had hexagonal seed shape. About 68% of the lines had partial panicle exsertion and 12% of the lines had variable exsertion. Semi-compact panicles were most common (51%), followed by lines that showed variable expression within a line for compact to semi-compact panicles (26%). Only 6 lines had compact panicles.

Differences were observed between A- and B-lines in the expression of some traits such as seedling anthocyanin pigmentation and panicle density. Ten A/B pairs showed differences in expression for anthocyanin pigmentation of seedlings. For instance, ICMA 94444 had pigmented seedlings and ICMB 94444 had non-pigmented seedlings across both the seasons. Similarly, 4 A/B pairs had differences in the expression for panicle density. For instance, ICMA 03999 had loose panicles and ICMB 03999 had semi-compact panicles in postrainy season. These differences between A- and B-lines can


11

apparently be attributed to the effect of cytoplasm. The differences among the A/B pairs also varied across the two seasons for some of the traits. For pigmentation of seedlings, 9 A-lines and 7 B-lines had different predominant class in different seasons. Six of these A- and B-lines belonged to same A/B pairs. For instance, ICMA 91777 and ICMB 91777 had predominantly non-pigmented seedlings in the rainy season but pigmented seedlings in the postrainy season. Similarly, three A/B pairs showed differences in expression for node pubescence. For instance, both ICMA 96222 and ICMB 96222 had pubescent nodes during the rainy season and non-pubescent nodes during the postrainy season. A similar trend was observed for some of the quasi-qualitative traits like panicle exsertion and panicle density also. For panicle density, 40 A and 40 B-lines of the same A/B pairs showed difference in expression across seasons. For instance, 843A and 843B had loose panicles during the rainy season and semi-compact panicles during the postrainy season. Similarly, 19 A- and 19 B-lines of the same A/B pairs showed differential expression for panicle exsertion. For instance, 863A and 863B had partial exsertion during the rainy season and complete exsertion during the postrainy season. The differences in the expression of traits in different seasons suggest that there is substantial effect of environment on these traits in some genetic backgrounds. Therefore, if more number of environments (seasons or locations) were included in this study, there would be every possibility of detecting differences in the expression of other qualitative and quasi-qualitative traits which otherwise might not be possible with only two seasons and one location as used in this study.

Variability within the B-lines was observed even across the two replications for some traits like anthocyanin pigmentation of seedlings, panicle exsertion and panicle density. If alternate phenotype for a particular trait was present in a replication, it was indicated with a superscript “a” on its code (Annexure III). For anthocyanin pigmentation of seedlings, alternate phenotypes were present in 34 B-lines, either across both the seasons or in a single season. For instance, alternate phenotype for seedlings pigmentation color was present in 81B in both the seasons while ICMA 03111 had such alternate phenotypes in rainy season only. Similarly, for panicle exsertion, alternate phenotypes were present in 34 B-lines. For instance, ICMB 97555 had complete exsertion as predominant class, though some plants with partial exsertion were also present in both the seasons. Following the same trend, 10 B-lines had alternate phenotypes other than the predominant class for panicle density across both the seasons or in a single season .For instance, ICMB 92444 had loose panicles but alternate phenotypes


12

for panicle density were also present in both the seasons. This within-line variability seems to be due to method of pollination, where bulk pollen from plants of recurrent parent (there may be some out- crossed plant present in the recurrent parent) is taken during backcrossing program during the development of seed parental lines. It is possible that other B-lines which have not shown such within-line variability in this study, might show it if tested with larger sample size, and perhaps in different environments. In the present study, only 20-30 plants per replication per season were evaluated for these qualitative or quasi- qualitative characters, so it may (or may not) be possible to fi nd/detect plants having low frequency of an alternate phenotype in comparison to the predominant class of a particular trait. For instance, if the frequency of a phenotype is 0.5%, then there is a need to study at least 200 plants per replication to detect at lease one plant that has particular alternate phenotype. Therefore, if characterization of these seed parental lines are carried out with large number of plants (200-300 plants per replication), it may be possible to detect a few plants that expresses the alternate phenotype of these qualitative (or quasi-qualitative) traits, which otherwise should not be construed as a new phenotype or plant type at any given time.


13

ReferencesAICPMIP (All India Coordinated Pearl Millet Improvement Project). 2006. Distinctness, uniformity, stability (DUS) test guidelines and morphological descriptors for pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Technical Bulletin No.1. All India Coordinated Pearl millet Improvement Project (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Agricultural Research station, Mandor, Rajasthan, India.

Rai KN, Kulkarni VN, Thakur RP, Haussmann BIG and Mgonja MA. 2006. Pearl millet hybrid parent’s research: approaches and achievements. In: CLL Gowda, KN Rai, Belum VS Reddy & KB Saxena (Eds.), Hybrid parents research at ICRISAT. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 11-74 pp.

Genstat release 10.1. Lawes Agricultural Trust (Rothamsted Experimental Station), UK.


14

Annexure I. Description of DUS1 characters and their classifi cation.

S. No. Characters Status Node2 Stage of Observation3

Type of Assessment4

1. Seedling: anthocyanin coloration of fi rst leaf sheath

Absent

Present

1

9

Seedling emergence(3)

VS

2. Plant: growth habit

Erect

Intermediate

Spreading

1

5

7

Panicle emergence(45)

VG

3. Plant: number of productive tillersplant-1

Monoculm

Low (2-3 tillers)

Medium (4-6 tillers)

High (>6 tillers)

1

3

5

7

Dough (65)

MS

4. Plant: height (excluding panicle)

Very short (<101 cm)

Short (101-150 cm)

Medium (151-200 cm)

Tall (201-250 cm)

Very tall (>250 cm)

1

3

5

7

9

Dough (65)

MS

5. Plant: number of nodes

Low (<11)

Medium (11-15)

High (>15)

3

5

7

Dough (65)

MS

6. Plant: node pubescence

Absent

Present

1

9

Dough (65)

VS


15

7. Plant: node pigmentation

Whitish

Green

Brown

Red

Purple

1

2

3

4

5

Dough (65)

VS

8. Plant: internode pigmentation (between 3rd and 4th node from top)

Whitish

Green

Brown

Red

Purple

1

2

3

4

5

Dough (65)

VS

9. Leaf: sheath length

Short (<11 cm)

Medium (11-15 cm)

Long (>15 cm)

3

5

7

Panicle emergence (45)

MS

10. Leaf: sheath pubescence

Absent

Present

1

9


VS

11. Leaf: blade length

Very short (<41 cm)

Short (41-50 cm)

Medium (51-60 cm)

Long (61-70 cm)

Very long (>70 cm)

1

3

5

7

9


MS

12. Leaf: blade width (at widest point)

Narrow (<3 cm)

Medium (3-4 cm)

Broad (>4 cm)

3

5

7


MS


16

13. Panicle: time of panicle emergence (50% plants with at least one panicle emerged fully)

Very early (<43 days)

Early (43-46 days)

Medium (47-50 days)

Late (51-54 days)

Very late (>54 days)

1

3

5

7

9


VG

14. Panicle: length Very small (<11 cm)

Small (11-20 cm)

Medium (21-30 cm)

Long (31-40 cm)

Very long (>40 cm)

1

3

5

7

9

Dough(65)

MS

15. Panicle: diameter at maximum point (excluding bristles)

Thin (<1.6 cm)

Medium (1.6-3.0 cm)

Thick (>3.0 cm)

3

5

7

Dough (65)

MS

16. Panicle: exsertion

Partial

Complete

1

2

Dough (65)

VS

17. Panicle: density Very loose

Loose

Semi-compact

Compact

Very compact

1

3

5

7

9

Harvest maturity (75)

VG

18. Panicle: tip sterility

Absent

Present

1

9

Harvest maturity (75)

VS


17

19. Panicle: shape Cylindrical

Conical

Spindle

Candle

Lanceolate

Dumb-bell

Club

Oblanceolate

Globose

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Dough (65)

VG

20. Panicle: anther color

Yellow

Brown

Purple

1

2

3

Anthesis (50)

VS

21. Panicle: anthocyanin pigmentation of glume

Absent

Present

1

9

Dough (65)

VS

22. Panicle: bristle Absent

Present

1

9

Dough (65)

VS

23. Panicle: bristle color

Green

Brown

Red

Purple

1

2

3

4

Dough (65)

VS


18

24. Seed: color Whitish

Cream

Yellow

Grey

Deep grey

Grey brown

Yellow brown

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Harvest/ maturity (75)

VG

25. Seed: shape Obovate

Elliptical

Hexagonal

Globular

1

2

3

4


VG

26. Seed: weight of 1000 grains

Very small (<5.0 gm)

Small (5.0-7.5 gm)

Medium (7.6-10.0 gm)

Bold (10.1-12.5 gm)

Very bold (>12.5 gm)

1

3

5

7

9


MS

1Source: Distinctness, Uniformity, Stability test guidelines and morphological descriptors for pearl millet (2006). Published by AICPMIP (ICAR), ARS, Mandor, Jodhpur – 342304.2Nodes (1-9) are for the purpose of electronic data processing.3Figures in parenthesis indicate the code for growth stages:

3: Seedling emergence stage 45: Panicle emergence stage50: Anthesis stage 65: Dough stage75: Harvest maturity stage4Type of assessment of characteristics:

MS: Measurement of a number of individual plants or parts of plants.

VG: Visual assessment by single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants.

VS: Visual assessment by observation of individual plants or parts of plants.


19

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966

66(S

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9711

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971

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971

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973

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55(S

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106

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108

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109

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110

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113

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114

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124

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A cy

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131

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ICM

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132

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140

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142

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152

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154

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156

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160

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164

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ICM

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167

ICM

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ICM

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4

176

ICM

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(SP

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177

ICM

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178

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ICM

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180

ICM

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ICM

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A

4

182

ICM

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183

ICM

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ICM

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184

ICM

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ICM

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190

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7222

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333

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12.3

11.8

7

ICM

B 0

4888

6.5

6.3

6.4

31.

82.

42.

13

64.5

74.3

69.4

147

.048

.047

.55

11.9

12.7

12.3

7

ICM

A 04

999

6.8

5.1

5.9

32.

03.

12.

53

83.5

87.5

85.5

150

.049

.549

.85

8.2

9.0

8.6

5

ICM

B 0

4999

6.4

5.0

5.7

31.

72.

52.

13

82.5

84.3

83.4

150

.050

.550

.35

7.8

8.2

8.0

5M

ean

(A-li

nes)

6.1

5.4

5.7

2.5

2.9

2.7

97.3

93.6

95.5

47

.049

.848

.4

9.8

10.7

10.

2

Mea

n (B

-line

s)6.

25.

75.

92.

52.

72.

697

.494

.896

.147

.851

.049

.49.

710

.410

.0

Gra

nd M

ean

6.1

5.5

5.8

2.5

2.8

2.7

97.4

94.2

95.8

47.4

50.4

48.9

9.7

10.5

10.1

S.E.

(+)

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.3

3.8

4.2

1.0

1.2

1.3

0.5

E1:

Mea

n da

ta o

f 200

5 ra

iny

seas

onE

2: M

ean

data

of 2

005

post

-rai

ny s

easo

n


53

Annexure III Contd.

A/B Pairs

Seedling: anthocyanin

coloration of fi rst leaf

Panicle anther color

Panicle: anthocyanin

pigmentation of glume

Panicle exsertion Panicle density

E1 E2 Mean E1 E2 Mean E1 E2 Mean E1 E2 Mean E1 E2 Mean

81A 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 7 7 7

81B 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 7 7 7

841A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7

841B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7

842A 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

842B 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

843A 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

843B 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

863A 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5 5 5

863B 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5 5 5

ICMA 88004 1a 9a 1-9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 88004 1a 9a 1-9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 88006 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMB 88006 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMA 89111 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 89111 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 91222 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 91222 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 91444 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 7 5 5-7

ICMB 91444 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 7 5 5-7

ICMA 91666 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 91666 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 91777 1a 9a 1-9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 91777 1a 9a 1-9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 92111 1a 9a 1-9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 92111 1a 9a 1-9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 92333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 92333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 92444 1a 9a 1-9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3a 3a 3a

ICMB 92444 1a 9a 1-9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3a 3a 3a

ICMA 92666 1a 9a 1-9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 92666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 92777 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5a 5a 5a

ICMB 92777 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5a 5a 5a

ICMA 92888 1a 9a 1-9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 7 5 5-7

ICMB 92888 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 7 5 5-7

ICMA 93111 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 93111 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5


54

A/B Pairs








ICMA 93222 9a 1a 1-9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMB 93222 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMA 93333 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 7 7 7

ICMB 93333 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 7 7 7

ICMA 94111 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 94111 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 94222 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 94222 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 94333 1a 1a 1a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMB 94333 1a 1a 1a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMA 94444 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 7a 5a 5-7

ICMB 94444 1a 1a 1a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 7a 5a 5-7

ICMA 94555 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 7 7

ICMB 94555 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 7 7

ICMA 95111 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 95111 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 95222 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 5a 5a 5a

ICMB 95222 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 5a 5a

ICMA 95333 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 3a 3-5

ICMB 95333 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 3a 3-5

ICMA 95444 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMB 95444 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMA 95555 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 95555 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 96111 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 96111 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 96222 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMB 96222 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMA 96333 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 5 5 5

ICMB 96333 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 5 5 5

ICMA 96444 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7a 5a 5-7

ICMB 96444 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7a 5a 5-7

ICMA 96555 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 5 5 5

ICMB 96555 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 5 5 5

ICMA 96666 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 96666 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 97111 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 7a 5-7

ICMB 97111 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 7a 5-7

ICMA 97222 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5 5 5


55

A/B Pairs








ICMB 97222 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5 5 5

ICMA 97333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 97333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 97444 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 97444 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 97555 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 5 5 5

ICMB 97555 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 5 5 5

ICMA 98111 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 5a 5a

ICMB 98111 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 5a 5a

ICMA 98222 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 5a 5a

ICMB 98222 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 5a 5a

ICMA 98333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3a 5a 3-5

ICMB 98333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

ICMA 98444 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 98444 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 98555 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5a 5a 5a

ICMB 98555 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5a 5a 5a

ICMA 98666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 5a 5a

ICMB 98666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 5a 5a

ICMA 98777 1a 1a 1a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 7 7

ICMB 98777 1a 1a 1a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 7 7

ICMA 99111 9 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 9 1a 1a 1a 5 5 5

ICMB 99111 9 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 9 1a 1a 1a 5 5 5

ICMA 99222 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 99222 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 99333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 99333 9 1a 1-9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 99444 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 7 7 7

ICMB 99444 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 7 7 7

ICMA 99555 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

ICMB 99555 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

ICMA 99666 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 99666 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 00111 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 00111 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 00222 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 7 5 5-7

ICMB 00222 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 7 5 5-7

ICMA 00333 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1-2 5 5 5


56

A/B Pairs








ICMB 00333 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1-2 5 5 5

ICMA 00444 9a 1a 1-9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5 5 5

ICMB 00444 9a 1a 1-9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5 5 5

ICMA 00555 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 1a 1a 1a 3 5 3-5

ICMB 00555 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 1a 1a 1a 3 5 3-5

ICMA 00666 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 3 5 3-5

ICMB 00666 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 3 5 3-5

ICMA 00777 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 3 3-5

ICMB 00777 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 3 3-5

ICMA 00888 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 9 1-9 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 00888 9 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 00999 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 5 5 5

ICMB 00999 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 5 5 5

ICMA 01111 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 01111 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 01222 9 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 9 1a 2a 1-2 5 5 5

ICMB 01222 9 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 9 1 2 1-2 5 5 5

ICMA 01333 9 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

ICMB 01333 9 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

ICMA 01444 9 9 9 3 3 3 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 1 3 1-3

ICMB 01444 9 9 9 3 3 3 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 3 1 1-3

ICMA 01555 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 5a 7 5-7

ICMB 01555 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 5a 7 5-7

ICMA 01666 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5 7 5-7

ICMB 01666 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5 7 5-7

ICMA 01777 9 9 9 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

ICMB 01777 9 9 9 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

ICMA 01888 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 5 5 5

ICMB 01888 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 5 5 5

ICMA 02111 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 02111 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 02222 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

ICMB 02222 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 3-5

ICMA 02333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5a 5 5

ICMB 02333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5a 5 5

ICMA 02444 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 3 5 3-5

ICMB 02444 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 2a 1-2 3 5 3-5

ICMA 02555 9 9 9 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 5-7


57

A/B Pairs








ICMB 02555 9 9 9 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 5-7

ICMA 02666 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMB 02666 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMA 02777 9 9 9 3 3 3 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMB 02777 9 9 9 3 3 3 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMA 02888 9 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 02888 9 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 02999 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 5 5

ICMB 02999 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 5 5

ICMA 03111 1a 9 1-9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5a 5 5

ICMB 03111 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5a 5 5

ICMA 03222 9 9 9 1 1 1 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 03222 9 9 9 1 1 1 9 9 9 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 03333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5 5 5

ICMB 03333 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5 5 5

ICMA 03444 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 9 1-9 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMB 03444 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMA 03555 9 9 9 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 2 1-2 7 5 5-7

ICMB 03555 9 9 9 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 2 1-2 5 7 5-7

ICMA 03666 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 03666 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 03777 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMB 03777 9a 9a 9a 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 5 5-7

ICMA 03888 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 7 9 7-9

ICMB 03888 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 7 9 7-9

ICMA 03999 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 5a 3a 3-5

ICMB 03999 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1-2 3a 5a 3-5

ICMA 04111 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 9 9 9

ICMB 04111 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 9 9 9

ICMA 04222 9 1 1-9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 04222 9 1 1-9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 04333 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5 5 5

ICMB 04333 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5 5 5

ICMA 04444 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMB 04444 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMA 04555 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMB 04555 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 7 5-7

ICMA 04666 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 7 5-7

ICMB 04666 9 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 5a 7 5-7


58

A/B Pairs








ICMA 04777 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5 7 5-7

ICMB 04777 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1a 1a 1a 5 7 5-7

ICMA 04888 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 5-7

ICMB 04888 9a 9a 9a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 5-7

ICMA 04999 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 5 7 5-7

ICMB 04999 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2a 2a 2a 5 7 5-7aPredominant class but also indicates the presence of other classes.

A/B PairsPanicle shape Panicle: bristle Panicle: tip

sterility Seed color Seed shape


81A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

81B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

841A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 3 3

841B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 3 3

842A 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

842B 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

843A 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

843B 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

863A 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 3 3 3

863B 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 3 3 3

ICMA 88004 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 88004 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 88006 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 88006 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 89111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 89111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 91222 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 91222 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 91444 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 91444 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 91666 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 91666 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 91777 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 91777 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 92111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 92111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 92333 4 4 4 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4


59




ICMB 92333 4 4 4 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 92444 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 92444 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 92666 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 92666 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 92777 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 92777 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 92888 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 4

ICMB 92888 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 4

ICMA 93111 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 93111 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 93222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 93222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 93333 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 93333 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 94111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 94111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 94222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 4

ICMB 94222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 4

ICMA 94333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 94333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 94444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 94444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 94555 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 94555 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 95111 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 95111 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 95222 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 95222 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 95333 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 95333 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 95444 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 95444 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 95555 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 95555 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 96111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 96111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 96222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 96222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 96333 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4


60




ICMB 96333 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 96444 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 96444 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 96555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 4

ICMB 96555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 4

ICMA 96666 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 96666 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 97111 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 97111 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 97222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 97222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 97333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 97333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 97444 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 97444 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 97555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 97555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 98111 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMB 98111 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMA 98222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 3 3 3

ICMB 98222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 3 3 3

ICMA 98333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 98333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 98444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 98444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 98555 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 98555 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 98666 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 98666 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 98777 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 98777 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 99111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 99111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 99222 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 99222 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 99333 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 99333 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 99444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 99444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 99555 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1


61




ICMB 99555 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 99666 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMB 99666 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMA 00111 5 5 5 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMB 00111 5 5 5 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMA 00222 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 00222 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 00333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 00333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 00444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 00444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 00555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 00555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 00666 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 00666 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 00777 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 00777 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 00888 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 00888 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 00999 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 00999 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 01111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 01111 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 01222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 01222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 01333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 01333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 01444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 01444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 01555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 01555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 01666 4 4 4 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 01666 4 4 4 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 01777 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 01777 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 01888 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 01888 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 02111 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 02111 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4


62




ICMA 02222 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 02222 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 02333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 02333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 02444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 02444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 02555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 02555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 02666 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 02666 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 02777 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 02777 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 02888 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 02888 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 02999 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 02999 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 03111 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 03111 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 03222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 03222 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 03333 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 03333 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 03444 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 03444 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 03555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMB 03555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMA 03666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 03666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 03777 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 03777 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 03888 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 03888 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 03999 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 03999 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 04111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMB 04111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1

ICMA 04222 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMB 04222 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMA 04333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 04333 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4


63




ICMA 04444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 04444 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMA 04555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 04555 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 04666 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMB 04666 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

ICMA 04777 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMB 04777 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMA 04888 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 3 3

ICMB 04888 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 3 3

ICMA 04999 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

ICMB 04999 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4

A/B PairsPlant: growth habit Leaf sheath

pubescencePlant node


pigmentationPlant internode pigmentation


81A 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

81B 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

841A 1 1 1 1 9 1-9 9 9 9 2 2 2 2 2 2

841B 1 1 1 1 9 1-9 9 9 9 2 2 2 2 2 2

842A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

842B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

843A 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

843B 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

863A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

863B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

ICMA 88004 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

ICMB 88004 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

ICMA 88006 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 88006 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 89111 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 89111 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 91222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMB 91222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1

ICMA 91444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 91444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 91666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2


64






ICMB 91666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 91777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 91777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 92111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 92111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 92333 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 92333 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 92444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 92444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 92666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 92666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 92777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 92777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 92888 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 92888 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 93111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 93111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 93222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

ICMB 93222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

ICMA 93333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 93333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 94111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 94111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 94222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 94222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 94333 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 94333 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 94444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 94444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 94555 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 94555 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 95111 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 95111 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 95222 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 95222 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 95333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 95333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 95444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 95444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 95555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2


65






ICMB 95555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 96111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 96111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 96222 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1-9 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 96222 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1-9 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 96333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 96333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 96444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 96444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 96555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 96555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 96666 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 96666 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 97111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 97111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 97222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

ICMB 97222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

ICMA 97333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 97333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 97444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 97444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 97555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 97555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 98111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

ICMB 98111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

ICMA 98222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 98222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 98333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 98333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 98444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 98444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 98555 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 98555 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 98666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 98666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 98777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 1-9 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 98777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 1-9 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 99111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 99111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 99222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2


66






ICMB 99222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 99333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 99333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 99444 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 99444 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 99555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 99555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 99666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 99666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 00111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 00111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 00222 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 00222 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 00333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 00333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 00444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 00444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 00555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

ICMB 00555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

ICMA 00666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMB 00666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5

ICMA 00777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 00777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 00888 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 00888 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 00999 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 00999 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 01111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

ICMB 01111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

ICMA 01222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 01222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 01333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 01333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 01444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 01444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 01555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 01555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 01666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 01666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2


67






ICMA 01777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 01777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 01888 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

ICMB 01888 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

ICMA 02111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 02111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 02222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 02222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 02333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 02333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 02444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 02444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 02555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 02555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 02666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 02666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 02777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 02777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 02888 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 02888 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 02999 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 02999 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 03111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 03111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 03222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 1-9 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 03222 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 1-9 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 03333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 03333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 03444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 03444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 03555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 03555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 03666 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 03666 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 03777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 03777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 03888 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

ICMB 03888 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5

ICMA 03999 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 03999 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2


68






ICMA 04111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 04111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 04222 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 04222 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 04333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 04333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 04444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 04444 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 04555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 04555 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 04666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMB 04666 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2

ICMA 04777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 04777 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 04888 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 04888 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMA 04999 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

ICMB 04999 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2


69


70

Key Characteristics of Seed Parents


71

SEED PARENTS

81A: 81B backcrossed to Tift 23D2A (A1) cytoplasm source

81B: Induced downy mildew resistant selection from Tift23D2B

Key Characteristics

81A 81B

Growth habit Erect Erect

Days to 50% fl owering

Late (54 d)

Late (54 d)

Anther color Yellow Yellow

Leaf sheath pubescence

Present Present

Internode pigmentation

Purple Purple

Plant height D2 Dwarf (76 cm)

D2 Dwarf (76 cm)

Number of productive tillers plant-1

Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion Complete Complete

Panicle length Small (20 cm)

Medium (22 cm)

Panicle diameter Medium (2.0 cm)

Medium (2.1 cm)

Panicle shape Cylindrical Cylindrical

Panicle density Compact Compact

Seed color Grey Grey

Seed shape Obovate Obovate

1000-grain weight

Medium (8 g)

Medium (8 g)

81A 81B


72

SEED PARENTS

841A: 841B backcrossed to 5141A (A1) cytoplasm source

841B: DM resistant selection from seed lot number 8015 of 5141B

Key Characteristics

841A 841B



Late (51 d)

Late (51 d)



Present/ Absent

Present/ Absent

Plant height Very short (99 cm)

Short(103 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Small (17 cm)


Medium (2.0 cm)




Seed shape Hexagonal Hexagonal

1000-grain weight

Medium (8 g)

Medium (8 g)

841A 841B


73

SEED PARENTS

842A: 842B backcrossed to AKM 2221 (A1) cytoplasm source

842B: Selection from KSU line BKM 2221

Key Characteristics

842A 842B



Medium (49 d)

Medium (49 d)

Anther color Brown Brown

Node pigmentation

Purple Purple

Plant height Tall D2 (98 cm)

Tall D2 (97 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small (18 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)

Panicle shape Conical Conical

Panicle density Semi-compact/ compact

Semi-compact/ compact


Seed shape Globular Globular

1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g) Bold (11 g)842A 842B


74

SEED PARENTS

843A: 843B backcrossed to AKM 2068 (A1) cytoplasm source

843B: Selection from KSU line BKM 2068

Key Characteristics

843A 843B

Growth habit Intermediate Intermediate


Early (42 d)

Early (42 d)


Plant height D2 Dwarf(70 cm)

D2 Dwarf(74 cm)


Low (3) Medium (4)



Small (15 cm)


Medium (2.1 cm)


Panicle density Loose/ semi-compact

Loose/ semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g) Bold (11 g)

843A 843B


75

SEED PARENTS

863A: 863B backcrossed into 81A (A1) cytoplasm source

863B: Togo-13-4-1

Key Characteristics

863A 863B



Medium (49 d)

Medium (50 d)

Anther color Purple Purple

Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Purple Purple

Plant height Short (117 cm)

Short (116 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion Partial complete

Partial complete

Panicle length Small(16 cm)

Small(16 cm)

Panicle diameter Thick(3.1 cm)

Thick(3.1 cm)


Panicle density Semi-compact

Semi-compact

Seed color Deep grey Deep grey


1000-grain weight


863A 863B


76

SEED PARENTS

ICMA 88004: ICMB 88004 backcrossed to 81A (A1) cytoplasm source

ICMB 88004: Togo-11-5-2 selection

Key Characteristics

ICMA 88004 ICMB 88004



Medium (47 d)

Medium (48 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Purple Purple


Short (105 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small(15 cm)


Medium (2.7 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight


ICMA 88004 ICMB 88004


77

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 88006: {(81B x SRL 53-1)} x 843B]-30-2-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 88006 ICMB 88006



Medium (49 d)

Medium (50 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple

Plant height Medium D2 (90 cm)

Medium D2(88 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small(15 cm)


Medium (2.6 cm)


Panicle density Semi-compact/ compact

Semi-compact/ compact



1000-grain weight


ICMA 88006 ICMB 88006


78

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 89111: [843B x (GNS x SS-48-40-4)-1-9-8]-30-B-B-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 89111 ICMB 89111



Medium (44 d)

Medium (46 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Medium D2(85 cm)


Medium (5) Medium (4)



Small(17 cm)


Medium (2.2 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight


ICMA 89111 ICMB 89111


79

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 91222: (26B x 81B)-4-1-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 91222 ICMB 91222



Medium (49 d)

Medium (50 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Whitish Whitish


Medium D2(91 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small(15 cm)


Medium (2.2 cm)

Panicle shape Candle Candle


Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (10 g)

Medium (9 g)

ICMA 91222 ICMB 91222


80

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 91444: [843B x (Boudama-481 x Ankautess-2)-4]-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 91444 ICMB 91444



Medium (48 d)

Medium (50 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Tall D2(93 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion Partial/ complete

Partial/ complete


Small(20 cm)


Medium (2.2 cm)


Panicle density Compact/ Semi-compact

Compact/ Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 91444 ICMB 91444


81

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 91666: [843B x (J 1623 x 3/4 EB-96-1-10)]-92-2-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 91666 ICMB 91666



Late (51 d)

Late (53 d)


Plant height D2 Dwarf(83 cm)

D2 Dwarf(77 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small(18 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (10 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 91666 ICMB 91666


82

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 91777: [843B x (J 1623 x 3/4 EB-96-1-10)]-5-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 91777 ICMB 91777



Late (51 d)

Late (52 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple

Plant height Tall D2(99 cm)

Tall D2(93 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small(20 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 91777 ICMB 91777


83

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 92111: (81B x 843B)-11-1-1-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 92111 ICMB 92111



Late (51 d)

Late (52 d)



Tall D2(89 cm)





Small(20 cm)


Medium (2.1 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (9 g)

Medium (8 g)

ICMA 92111 ICMB 92111


84

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 92333: (843B x 81B)-30-1-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 92333 ICMB 92333



Medium (49 d)

Medium (49 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple

Plant height Medium D2(85 cm)

Medium D2(86 cm)





Small(16 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (10 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 92333 ICMB 92333


85

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 92444: (843B x ICMPS-1500-7-4-1-6)-23-1-B-1-4

Key Characteristics

ICMA 92444 ICMB 92444



Medium (48 d)

Medium (50 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple

Plant height Short(109 cm)

Short(108 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)



Small(16 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)


Panicle density Loose Loose



1000-grain weight

Medium (9 g)

Medium (8 g)

ICMA 92444 ICMB 92444


86

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 92666: [ICMPES-34 x (843B x ICMPES-34)-155-4-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 92666 ICMB 92666



Medium (47 d)

Medium (47 d)



Short(108 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)



Small(17 cm)


Medium (2.3 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 92666 ICMB 92666


87

SEED PARENTS

ICMA 92777: ICMB 92777 backcrossed to ICMA 88006 (A1) cytoplasm source

ICMB 92777: [843B x (ICMPS 500-4-4-3 x ICMPS 1800-3-1-2-C3-4)]-7-1-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 92777 ICMB 92777



Medium (48 d)

Medium (49 d)


Node pigmentation

Brown Brown


Short(120 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small(17 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 92777 ICMB 92777


88

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 92888: (843B x ICMPS 900-9-3-2-2)-41-2-6-2-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 92888 ICMB 92888



Medium (47 d)

Medium (49 d)



Medium D2(86 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion Partial/ Complete

Partial/Complete


Small(19 cm)


Medium (2.7 cm)


Panicle density Semi-compact/ Compact

Semi-compact/ Compact

Seed color Cream Cream


1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 92888 ICMB 92888


89

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 93111: (81B x SRL 53-1) x 843B)-30-1-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 93111 ICMB 93111



Late (52 d)

Late (53 d)


Plant height D2 dwarf(81 cm)

D2 dwarf(78 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)



Small(18 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 93111 ICMB 93111


90

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 93222: (26B x 834B)-11-2-B-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 93222 ICMB 93222



Late (52 d)

Late (53 d)


Node pigmentation

Brown Brown


Short(109 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small(18 cm)


Medium (2.7 cm)






1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g)

Bold (12 g)

ICMA 93222 ICMB 93222


91

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 93333: (843B x ICMPS 900-9-3-8-2)-21-8-4

Key Characteristics

ICMA 93333 ICMB 93333



Late (53 d)

Late (54 d)



Short(136 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion Partial/Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small(19 cm)


Medium (2.7 cm)





1000-grain weight

Medium (9 g)

Medium (8 g)

ICMA 93333 ICMB 93333


92

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 94111: {(ICMB 89111 x ICMB 88002) x [(81BxSRL53-1) x 843B]-3+ x IP9402-2+}-31

Key Characteristics

ICMA 94111 ICMB 94111



Late (50 d)

Late (49 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Short(115 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small(17 cm)


Medium (2.9 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (10 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 94111 ICMB 94111


93

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 94222: {{[843B x (843B x 700651)] +x 1163B} x (ICMB 89111 x ICMB 88004)}-3-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 94222 ICMB 94222



Very early (42 d)

Very early (41 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


D2 dwarf(78 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small(15 cm)


Medium (2.2 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (9 g)

Medium (9 g)

ICMA 94222 ICMB 94222


94

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 94333: (843B x Togo plot# 26-1)-27-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 94333 ICMB 94333



Very early (41 d)

Very early (44 d)



Medium D2(108 cm)





Small(13 cm)


Medium (2.3 cm)






1000-grain weight

Medium (9 g)

Bold (10 g)

ICMA 94333 ICMB 94333


95

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 94444: (843B x 405B)-4

Key Characteristics

ICMA 94444 ICMB 94444



Medium (50 d)

Medium (50 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Short(110 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small(14 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)






1000-grain weight

Bold (10 g)

Bold (10 g)

ICMA 94444 ICMB 94444


96

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 94555: {{[843B x (843B x 700651)]+x 1163B} x (ICMB 89111 x ICMB 88004)}-5-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 94555 ICMB 94555



Early (46 d)

Early (47 d)



D2 dwarf(73 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small(17 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)





1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 94555 ICMB 94555


97

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 95111: {[843B x (GNS x SS-48-40-4)-1+]-30+ x [843B x (843B x 700651)-11-1-2-B]}-39

Key Characteristics

ICMA 95111 ICMB 95111



Early (45 d)

Early (45 d)



D2 dwarf(71 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small(15 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (10 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 95111 ICMB 95111


98

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 95222: {[843B x (GNS x SS-48-40-4)-29-7-4-B] x (843B x ICMPES-29)-23-2-3}-16

Key Characteristics

ICMA 95222 ICMB 95222



Medium (50 d)

Late (51 d)



Short(122 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small(18 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (9 g)

Medium (9 g)

ICMA 95222 ICMB 95222


99

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 95333: {[(B282 x S10B-38)-35 x Togo-29+]-53 x {843A x [843B x (B282 x 3/4EB)-11+]}}-6

Key Characteristics

ICMA 95333 ICMB 95333



Very late (55 d)

Late (54 d)



Medium D2 (90 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete

Panicle length Medium(24 cm)

Medium(26 cm)


Medium (2.9 cm)


Panicle density Semi-compact/ Loose

Semi-compact/ Loose



1000-grain weight

Medium (10 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 95333 ICMB 95333


100

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 95444: [81-1164 DB/85-1856LR-16-B x 843DMR1]-14-6-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 95444 ICMB 95444



Early (45 d)

Early (45 d)



D2 dwarf(80 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small(16 cm)


Medium (2.2 cm)






1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 95444 ICMB 95444


101

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 95555: DMR1 S2-96-2-3-4

Key Characteristics

ICMA 95555 ICMB 95555



Early (43 d)

Early (43 d)



D2 dwarf(65 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small(15 cm)


Medium (2.3 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (10 g)

Medium (9 g)

ICMA 95555 ICMB 95555


102

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 96111: (843B x 81B)-58-1-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 96111 ICMB 96111



Medium (50 d)

Late (51 d)



Medium D2(90 cm)



Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small(19 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 96111 ICMB 96111


103

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 96222: [26B x (81B x SRL 50-1)]-1-1-2 x 852B}-69-1-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 96222 ICMB 96222



Late (53 d)

Late (54 d)


Node pubescence

Present/ Absent

Present/ Absent


Medium D2(92 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete

Panicle length Medium (21 cm)

Medium (21 cm)


Medium (2.7 cm)






1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 96222 ICMB 96222


104

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 96333: {{[843B x (843B x 700651)-11-+] x 1163B} x (ICMB 89111 x ICMB 88005)}-5-2-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 96333 ICMB 96333



Medium (47 d)

Medium (47 d)



Purple Purple


D2 dwarf(74 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (16 cm)


Medium (2.5 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (10 g)

ICMA 96333 ICMB 96333


105

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 96444: (SPF3/S91-933 x SPF3/S91-3)-4-2-3-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 96444 ICMB 96444



Early (46 d)

Medium (48 d)



Medium D2(80 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (19 cm)


Medium (2.5 cm)






1000-grain weight

Medium (8 g)

Medium (8 g)

ICMA 96444 ICMB 96444


106

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 96555: (SPF3/S91-5 x ARD Early bulk)-2-3-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 96555 ICMB 96555



Late (51 d)

Late (52 d)



D2 dwarf(74 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Medium (21 cm)

Panicle diameter Thick (3.3 cm)

Thick (3.3 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g) Bold (12 g)ICMA 96555 ICMB 96555


107

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 96666: (SPF3/S91-327 x SPF3/S91-5)-6-2-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 96666 ICMB 96666



Early (45 d)

Medium (47 d)



Medium D2(90 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (17 cm)


Medium (2.6 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Very bold (13 g)

Very bold (13 g)

ICMA 96666 ICMB 96666


108

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 97111: HTBC-48-B-1-1-1-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 97111 ICMB 97111



Medium (48 d)

Medium (50 d)



Short (128 cm)


Low (3) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (17 cm)


Medium (2.9 cm)






1000-grain weight


ICMA 97111 ICMB 97111


109

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 97222: [(ICMB 88006 x ICMB 88005) x (ICMB 89111 x ICMB 88004)]-28-2-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 97222 ICMB 97222



Early (46 d)

Medium (49 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Purple Purple


Short (113 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion Partial Partial


Small (15 cm)


Medium (3.0 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight


ICMA 97222 ICMB 97222


110

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 97333: (ICMB 89111 x ICMB 88004)-9-2-6-3-3-2-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 97333 ICMB 97333



Medium (47 d)

Medium (47 d)



Tall D2 (107 cm)


Low (3) Medium (4)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (18 cm)


Medium (2.5 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (9 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 97333 ICMB 97333


111

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 97444: DMR1 S2-133-1-2-4-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 97444 ICMB 97444



Early (44 d)

Early (45 d)



D2 dwarf(73 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (15 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 97444 ICMB 97444


112

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 97555: (SPF3/S91-5 x ARD early bulk)-2-3-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 97555 ICMB 97555



Medium (47 d)

Medium (49 d)



D2 dwarf(69 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (19 cm)


Thick (3.2 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 97555 ICMB 97555


113

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 98111: HTBC-HS-27-1-1-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 98111 ICMB 98111



Early (48 d)

Early (49 d)



Whitish Whitish


Short(118 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (13 cm)

Panicle diameter Small (2.3 cm)

Small (2.4 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 98111 ICMB 98111


114

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 98222: ARD-288-1-10-1-2 (RM)-5

Key Characteristics

ICMA 98222 ICMB 98222



Early (47 d)

Medium (47 d)



Short(119 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (16 cm)


Thick (3.1 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 98222 ICMB 98222


115

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 98333: (843B x ICTP 8202-161-5)-19-2-1-B-B-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 98333 ICMB 98333



Early (42 d)

Early (43 d)



Tall D2 (101 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (16 cm)


Medium (2.3 cm)


Panicle density Loose/ Semi-compact

Loose/ Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 98333 ICMB 98333


116

SEED PARENTS

ICMA 98444: ICMB 98444 source backcrossed to 81A (A1) cytoplasm source

ICMB 98444: (BSECBPT/91-40 x SPF3/S91-529)-12-1-1-5

Key Characteristics

ICMA 98444 ICMB 98444



Early (48 d)

Medium (49 d)



Medium D2 (84 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (17 cm)

Panicle diameter Small (2.9 cm)

Small (3.0 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (9 g)

Bold (10 g)

ICMA 98444 ICMB 98444


117

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 98555: {[(81B x SRL 53-1) x 843B]-3-5-2 x (843B x 834B)-25-B-B-1}-84-5-B-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 98555 ICMB 98555



Medium (48 d)

Medium (48 d)



Tall D2 (101 cm)



Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Small (12 cm)


Medium (2.7 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 98555 ICMB 98555


118

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 98666: (ICMB 89111 x IPC 1466)-21-1-3-6-B-5

Key Characteristics

ICMA 98666 ICMB 98666



Late (53 d)

Very late (56 d)



Medium D2 (86 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (17 cm)


Medium (2.1 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Small (7 g)

Small (7 g)

ICMA 98666 ICMB 98666


119

SEED PARENTS

ICMA 98777: ICMB 98777 backcrossed to 81A (Ag) cytoplasm source

ICMB 98777: [(F4FC 1498-1-1-3 x J 104)-11-2-1-1]-7-3-1-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 98777 ICMB 98777



Medium (49 d)

Medium (50 d)


Node pubescence

Present/ Absent

Present/ Absent


Short (112 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (15 cm)


Medium (2.1 cm)





1000-grain weight

Medium (8 g)

Medium (8 g)

ICMA 98777 ICMB 98777


120

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 99111: (843B x ICTP 8202-161-5)-19-2-1-B-B-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 99111 ICMB 99111



Medium (49 d)

Late (51 d)



Short (124 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Small (19 cm)


Thick (3.1 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Very bold (13 g)

Bold (12 g)

ICMA 99111 ICMB 99111


121

SEED PARENTS



Key Characteristics

ICMA 99222 ICMB 99222



Medium (49 d)

Late (51 d)



Short (127 cm)


Monoculm (1)

Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (18 cm)


Thick (3.2 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 99222 ICMB 99222


122

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 99333: {(84-3869/85-4414)-8-B x 843DMR1}-1-3-2-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 99333 ICMB 99333



Medium (49 d)

Late (49 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Medium D2 (88 cm)


Low (2) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (17 cm)


Thick (2.8 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 99333 ICMB 99333


123

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 99444: (SPF3/S91-327 x SPF3/S91-5)-6-2-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 99444 ICMB 99444



Medium (49 d)

Late (50 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Present Present


Medium D2 (88 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (18 cm)


Thick (2.7 cm)





1000-grain weight


ICMA 99444 ICMB 99444


124

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 99555: (BSECBPT/91-38 x SPF3/S91-529)-10-1-7

Key Characteristics

ICMA 99555 ICMB 99555



Medium (49 d)

Late (50 d)



Medium D2 (84 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (18 cm)


Thick (3.4 cm)

Panicle shape Lanceolate Lanceolate


Loose/ Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 99555 ICMB 99555


125

SEED PARENTS



Key Characteristics

ICMA 99666 ICMB 99666



Late (51 d)

Late (51 d)



Medium D2 (93 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (16 cm)


Thick (3.3 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (9 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 99666 ICMB 99666


126

SEED PARENTS



Key Characteristics

ICMA 00111 ICMB 00111



Early (45 d)

Medium (47 d)



Tall D2 (108 cm)


Low (3) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (15 cm)


Medium (3.0 cm)

Panicle shape Lanceolate Lanceolate


Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 00111 ICMB 00111


127

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 00222: {[(81B x SRL53-1) x 843B]-3-5-2 x (843B x 834B)-25-B-B-1}-84-6-B-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 00222 ICMB 00222



Medium (48 d)

Medium (48 d)


Plant height Medium tall (102 cm)

Medium tall (100 cm)



Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (12 cm)


Medium (2.7 cm)






1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 00222 ICMB 00222


128

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 00333: (BSECBPT/91-40 x SPF3/S91-529)-12-1-1-7-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 00333 ICMB 00333



Early (46 d)

Medium (47 d)


Plant height D2 Dwarf (68 cm)

D2 Dwarf (72 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Partial to Complete

Partial to Complete


Small (16 cm)


Medium (2.6 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (10 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 00333 ICMB 00333


129

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 00444: (SPF3/S91-544 x SPF3/S91-5)-5-1-2-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 00444 ICMB 00444



Medium (47 d)

Medium (48 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Tall D2(104 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Small (15 cm)


Medium (3.0 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g)

Very bold (13 g)

ICMA 00444 ICMB 00444


130

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 00555: HHVBC-S1-16-6-3-5-2-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 00555 ICMB 00555



Late (53 d)

Very late (55 d)



Whitish Whitish


Medium D2(93 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Medium (23 cm)


Thick (3.4 cm)



Loose/ Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (10 g)

Bold (10 g)

ICMA 00555 ICMB 00555


131

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 00666: {(ICMB89111 x ICMB88002) x [(81B x SRL53-1) x 843B]-3+}-31

Key Characteristics

ICMA 00666 ICMB 00666



Medium (49 d)

Medium (49 d)



Purple Purple


Short (113 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Small (17 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)



Loose/ Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (8 g)

Medium (8 g)

ICMA 00666 ICMB 00666


132

SEED PARENTS

ICMA 00777 ICMB 00777 backcrossed to 81A (A4) cytoplasm source

ICMB 00777: [IPC 1598 x (843B x DSA105B)]-51-3-B-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 00777 ICMB 00777



Early (43 d)

Early (46 d)



Short (114 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (16 cm)


Medium (2.9 cm)


Panicle density Semi-compact/ Loose

Semi-compact/ Loose



1000-grain weight

Medium (9 g)

Medium (9 g)

ICMA 00777 ICMB 00777


133

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 00888: (843B x ICTP8202-161-5)-20-3-B-B-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 00888 ICMB 00888



Early (45 d)

Early (47 d)



Short (128 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (17 cm)


Medium (3.0 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (12 g)

Bold (13 g)

ICMA 00888 ICMB 00888


134

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 00999: (ICMB 89111 x 863B)-65-8-B-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 00999 ICMB 00999



Medium (49 d)

Medium (50 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Short (120 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (19 cm)


Medium (2.5 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (10 g)

Medium (9 g)

ICMA 00999 ICMB 00999


135

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 01111: (SPF3/S91-933 x SPF3/S91-3)-4-2-2-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 01111 ICMB 01111



Medium (48 d)

Medium (48 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Purple Purple


Medium D2 (91 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)



Small (19 cm)


Medium (2.6 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (8 g)

Medium (8 g)

ICMA 01111 ICMB 01111


136

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 01222: HHV-S1-24-3-B-3-2-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 01222 ICMB 01222



Medium (50 d)

Late (52 d)



Medium D2 (97 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (23 cm)


Thick (3.2 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (10 g)

Medium (9 g)

ICMA 01222 ICMB 01222


137

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 01333: HHV-S1-64-3-2-3-2-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 01333 ICMB 01333



Very late (55 d)

Very late (57 d)



Medium D2 (92 cm)


Monoculm(1)

Monoculm(1)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Medium (27 cm)


Thick (3.6 cm)



Loose/ Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium (10 g)

Medium (9 g)

ICMA 01333 ICMB 01333


138

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 01444: {[843B x (B816 x 3/4EB-105-6-1)-3-3]-15-B-4-1}-12-2-4-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 01444 ICMB 01444



Medium (50 d)

Late(52 d)


Plant height D2 dwarf (74 cm)

D2 dwarf(66 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Medium (26 cm)


Thick (3.0 cm)


Panicle density Loose/ Very loose

Loose/ Very loose



1000-grain weight

Bold (10 g)

Bold (10 g)

ICMA 01444 ICMB 01444


139

SEED PARENTS



Key Characteristics

ICMA 01555 ICMB 01555



Medium (50 d)

Medium (49 d)



Medium D2(79 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion:

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (16 cm)


Medium (2.9 cm)






1000-grain weight

Bold (10 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 01555 ICMB 01555


140

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 01666: [(ICMB 89111 x ICMB 88004) x (ICMB 88006 x IP 9402)-2-1-1-4]-102-B-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 01666 ICMB 01666



Medium (50 d)

Late (52 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Short (109 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Small (17 cm)


Medium (2.6 cm)






1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Medium (11 g)

ICMA 01666 ICMB 01666


141

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 01777: (BSECBPT/91-38 x SPF3/S91-529)-10-1-6 x 834B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 01777 ICMB 01777



Medium (50 d)

Medium (50 d)


Plant height: Short (125 cm)

Short (122 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (19 cm)


Thick (3.7 cm)



Loose/ Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Bold (11 g)

ICMA 01777 ICMB 01777


142

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 01888: {[(81B x SRL-53-1) x 843B]-3-5-3 x [(843B x 111B)-10-1-2-2]}-226-B-2-B-B-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 01888 ICMB 01888



Very late (55 d)

Very late (55 d)



Present Present


Whitish Whitish


Tall D2 (101 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)



Small (19 cm)


Medium (2.9 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold (11 g)

Medium (10 g)

ICMA 01888 ICMB 01888


143

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 02111: [(ICMB 88006 x ICMB 88005) x (ICMB 89111x ICMB 88004)]-99-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 02111 ICMB 02111



Medium (47 d)

Medium (48 d)


Node pigmentation:

Purple Purple


Short (125 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (15 cm)


Thick (3.2 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Very bold (14 g)

Very bold (13 g)

ICMA 02111 ICMB 02111


144

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 02222: [(ICMB 89111 x ICMB 88004) x (ICMB 88006 x ICMB 88005)-2-1-1-4]-101-B-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 02222 ICMB 02222



Early(45 d)

Medium (47 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple

Plant height Very short (90 cm)

Very short (91 cm)


Medium(5)

Medium(6)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (12 cm)


Thick (2.1 cm)



Loose/ Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold(10 g)

Bold(10 g)

ICMA 02222 ICMB 02222


145

SEED PARENTS



Key Characteristics

ICMA 02333 ICMB 02333



Medium (47 d)

Medium (47 d)



Short(111 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (18 cm)


Medium (3.0 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium(8 g)

Medium(8 g)

ICMA 02333 ICMB 02333


146

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 02444: (BSECBPT/91-38 x SPF3/S91-529)-2-1-B-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 02444 ICMB 02444



Medium (50 d)

Late (51 d)



Short(110 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (19 cm)


Thick (3.1 cm)



Loose/ Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold(10 g)

Medium(10 g)

ICMA 02444 ICMB 02444


147

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 02555: ICMV87901-175-2-3-2-B-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 02555 ICMB 02555



Late (51 d)

Late (51 d)



Short(117 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Medium (27 cm)


Medium (2.7 cm)






1000-grain weight

Medium(9 g)

Medium(9 g)

ICMA 02555 ICMB 02555


148

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 02666: (ICMB89111 x IP9554-9)-4-2-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 02666 ICMB 02666



Late (54 d)

Very Late (55 d)



Medium D2 (79 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (18 cm)


Medium (2.0 cm)






1000-grain weight

Medium(8 g)

Medium(8 g)

ICMA 02666 ICMB 02666


149

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 02777: HHVBC-II HS-9-1-1-2-7-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 02777 ICMB 02777



Very late (57 d)

Very late (60 d)

Anther color: Purple Purple


Tall D2 (110 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Medium (25 cm)

Panicle diameter:

Medium (2.9 cm)

Thick (3.1 cm)






1000-grain weight

Medium(10 g)

Medium(10 g)

ICMA 02777 ICMB 02777


150

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 02888: HHVBC 2 HS-21-4

Key Characteristics

ICMA 02888 ICMB 02888



Very Late (55 d)

Very Late (55 d)



Tall D2 (102 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Medium (26 cm)


Thick (3.2 cm)


Panicle density: Semi-compact

Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium(10 g)

Medium(9 g)

ICMA 02888 ICMB 02888


151

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 02999: (PBLN-1/87-246 x SPF3/S91-5)-14-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 02999 ICMB 02999



Medium(55 d)

Medium(55 d)

Anther color: Yellow Yellow

Plant height D2 dwarf (65 cm)

D2 dwarf (62 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (19 cm)


Medium (2.6 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium(9 g)

Medium(9 g)

ICMA 02999 ICMB 02999


152

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 03111: {{843B x (843B x 700651)-11-1-2-B) x 1163B} x (ICMB89111 x ICMB88005)}-5-3-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 03111 ICMB 03111



Very early (42 d)

Early(44 d)



Medium D2 (75 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (17 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold(10 g)

Bold(10 g)

ICMA 03111 ICMB 03111


153

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 03222: 690-93B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 03222 ICMB 03222



Medium (50 d)

Late(51 d)


Node pubescence

Present/ Absent

Present/ Absent

Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Short (135 cm)


Medium(4)

Medium(4)



Small (14 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Medium(8 g)

Medium(8 g)

ICMA 03222 ICMB 03222


154

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 03333: 9035/S92-B-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 03333 ICMB 03333



Medium (48 d)

Medium(49 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple

Plant height Medium tall (95 cm)

Medium tall (98 cm)


Medium(4)

Medium(4)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (16 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold(12 g)

Bold(11 g)

ICMA 03333 ICMB 03333


155

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 03444: HHVBC-II D2 HS-456-1-2-5-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 03444 ICMB 03444



Medium (49 d)

Medium(50 d)

Anther color: Brown Brown


D2 dwarf(81 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Medium (23 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)






1000-grain weight

Medium(9 g)

Medium(9 g)

ICMA 03444 ICMB 03444


156

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 03555: (843B x ICTP 8202-161-5)-17-1-3-B-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 03555 ICMB 03555



Medium (49 d)

Medium(50 d)



D2 dwarf(67 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (19 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)






1000-grain weight

Medium(10 g)

Medium(9 g)

ICMA 03555 ICMB 03555


157

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 03666: DMR1 S2 52-4-1-1-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 03666 ICMB 03666



Medium (49 d)

Medium(50 d)



Medium D2(77 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (14 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)



Semi-compact



1000-grain weight

Bold(12 g)

Bold(11 g)

ICMA 03666 ICMB 03666


158

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 03777: (SPF3/S91-933 x SPF3/S91-3)-8-1-1-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 03777 ICMB 03777



Early (46 d)

Medium(47 d)



Tall D2(93 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (16 cm)


Medium (2.6 cm)






1000-grain weight

Medium(10 g)

Bold(11 g)

ICMA 03777 ICMB 03777


159

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 03888: [(ICMB88006 x ICMB88005) x (ICMB89111 x ICMB88005)]-1-1-3-B-9

Key Characteristics

ICMA 03888 ICMB 03888



Early (45 d)

Medium(47 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Purple Purple


Short(117 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (16 cm)


Medium (2.6 cm)


Panicle density Compact/ Very Compact

Compact/ Very Compact



1000-grain weight

Very bold(13 g)

Bold (12 g)

ICMA 03888 ICMB 03888


160

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 03999: (ICMB89111 x IP9402-2-1-1-2)-31-1-B-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 03999 ICMB 03999



Very early (41 d)

Very early (42 d)


Plant height Very short(97 cm)

Very short(95 cm)


Medium (4) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Partial/ Complete

Partial/ Complete


Small (17 cm)


Medium (2.6 cm)


Panicle density Loose/Semi- compact

Loose/ Semi- compact



1000-grain weight

Medium(9 g)

Medium(10 g)

ICMA 03999 ICMB 03999


161

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 04111: (81B x 4017-5-4-B)-12-3-1-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 04111 ICMB 04111



Very late (55 d)

Very late (56 d)



Tall D2(101 cm)


Monoculm(1)

Monoculm(1)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete

Panicle length Long (34 cm)

Long (34 cm)


Medium (2.1 cm)


Panicle density Very compact

Very compact



1000-grain weight

Medium(9 g)

Medium(8 g)

ICMA 04111 ICMB 04111


162

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 04222: (843B x EEBC S1-407)-12-3-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 04222 ICMB 04222



Early(43 d)

Early(43 d)


Plant height Very short(97 cm)

Very short(98 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (14 cm)


Medium (2.5 cm)


Panicle density Semi- compact

Semi- compact



1000-grain weight

Bold(11 g)

Bold(11 g)

ICMA 04222 ICMB 04222


163

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 04333: (ICMB 96111 x 4026-1-6-B)-4-2-1-1

Key Characteristics

ICMA 04333 ICMB 04333



Very late(55 d)

Very late(56 d)



Medium D2 (82 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Small (22 cm)


Medium (2.3 cm)


Panicle density Semi- compact

Semi- compact



1000-grain weight

Medium(9 g)

Medium(10 g)

ICMA 04333 ICMB 04333


164

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 04444: (D2BLN95-103 x EEBC C1-3)-6-B-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 04444 ICMB 04444



Medium(49 d)

Medium(50 d)



Short(123 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (15 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)






1000-grain weight

Bold(13 g)

Bold(12 g)

ICMA 04444 ICMB 04444


165

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 04555: {D2BLN95-214 x (ICMB 96333 x HHVBC)}-11-B-2

Key Characteristics

ICMA 04555 ICMB 04555



Late(51 d)

Late(51 d)



D2 dwarf(103 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (20 cm)


Medium (2.8 cm)






1000-grain weight

Bold(12 g)

Bold(11 g)

ICMA 04555 ICMB 04555


166

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 04666: (SPF3/S91-933 x SPF3/S91-3)-4-2-3-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 04666 ICMB 04666



Medium(48 d)

Medium(48 d)


Node pigmentation

Purple Purple


Medium D2(85 cm)


Low (3) Low (3)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (19 cm)


Medium (2.6 cm)






1000-grain weight

Medium(8 g)

Medium(9 g)

ICMA 04666 ICMB 04666


167

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 04777: (SRC II C3 S1-19-3-2 x HHVBC)-17-3-1-3-B+

Key Characteristics

ICMA 04777 ICMB 04777



Very late (56 d)

Very late (58 d)



Medium D2(85 cm)


Monoculm(1)

Monoculm(1)

Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Small (35 cm)


Medium (2.4 cm)






1000-grain weight

Medium(8 g)

Medium(8 g)

ICMA 04777 ICMB 04777


168

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 04888: {(843B x ICTP 8202-161-5)-20-3-B-B-3 x B-lines bulk}-2-B-1-3

Key Characteristics

ICMA 04888 ICMB 04888



Early(46 d)

Medium(48 d)



D2 dwarf(69 cm)


Low (2) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Partial Partial


Small (17 cm)


Thick (3.3 cm)






1000-grain weight

Bold(12 g)

Bold(12 g)

ICMA 04888 ICMB 04888


169

SEED PARENTS


ICMB 04999: (EBC-Gen-S1-40-2-2-1 x B-line bulk)-25-B-B

Key Characteristics

ICMA 04999 ICMB 04999



Medium(50 d)

Medium(50 d)



Medium D2(83 cm)


Low (3) Low (2)

Panicle exsertion

Complete Complete


Small (20 cm)


Medium (2.5 cm)





Seed shape: Globular Globular

1000-grain weight

Medium(9 g)

Medium(8 g)

ICMA 04999 ICMB 04999


The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profi t, non-political organization that does innovative agricultural research and capacity building for sustainable development with a wide array of partners across the globe. ICRISAT’s mission is to help empower 644 million poor people to overcome hunger, poverty and a degraded environment in the dry tropics through better agriculture. ICRISAT is supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).

Contact InformationICRISAT-Patancheru(Headquarters)Patancheru 502 324Andhra Pradesh, IndiaTel +91 40 30713071Fax +91 40 [email protected]

ICRISAT-Liaison Offi ceCG Centers BlockNASC ComplexDev Prakash Shastri MargNew Delhi 110 012, IndiaTel +91 11 32472306 to 08 Fax +91 11 25841294

ICRISAT-Nairobi(Regional hub ESA)PO Box 39063, Nairobi, KenyaTel +254 20 7224550Fax +254 20 [email protected]

ICRISAT-Niamey(Regional hub WCA)BP 12404, Niamey, Niger (Via Paris)Tel +227 20722529, 20722725Fax +227 [email protected]

ICRISAT-BamakoBP 320Bamako, MaliTel +223 20 223375Fax +223 20 [email protected]

ICRISAT-BulawayoMatopos Research StationPO Box 776Bulawayo, ZimbabweTel +263 383 311 to 15Fax +263 383 [email protected]

ICRISAT-LilongweChitedze Agricultural Research StationPO Box 1096Lilongwe, MalawiTel +265 1 707297, 071, 067, 057Fax +265 1 [email protected]

ICRISAT-Maputoc/o IIAM, Av. das FPLM No 2698Caixa Postal 1906Maputo, MozambiqueTel +258 21 461657Fax +258 21 [email protected]

About ICRISAT

www.icrisat.org

157-09

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