cdp standard grade1 commercial data processing standard grade computing studies
TRANSCRIPT
CDP Standard Grade 1
Commercial Data Processing
Standard Grade Computing Studies
CDP Standard Grade 2
What is Commercial Data Processing ?
• Commerce - “exchange of merchandise esp. on a large scale”
• large companies and other organisations
CDP Standard Grade 3
What do we mean by large companies ?
• supermarkets• banks• building societies• mail order• dotcoms• airlines
CDP Standard Grade 4
What do we mean by other organisations ?
• police• DVLC• income tax• local authorities• schools
CDP Standard Grade 5
What do the organisation need for CDP ?
• Have to process very large amounts of data
• A mainframe computer system can handle large amounts of data
• It can• process the data quickly• process the data accurately• give quick access to information• carry out repetitive tasks
efficiently
CDP Standard Grade 6
What is the difference between data and information?
• Data is numbers, text and symbols which can be accepted, stored and processed. Data has no context.
• Information can come from data that is processed. Information has a context, a meaning.
CDP Standard Grade 7
Hardware for CDP• Mainframe computer
• CPU• input devices
• terminal for data input• operators console for management tasks• possibly remote entry
• output devices• backing store
CDP Standard Grade 8
The Data Processing Cycle
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The Data Processing Cycle
• Data collection and preparation• Data input• Data processing and storage• Data output
but being a cycle means…….
CDP Standard Grade 10
The Data Processing Cycle
Data output Data collection and preparation
Data processing and storage
Data input
CDP Standard Grade 11
Data collection and preparation
CDP Standard Grade 12
Data collection and preparation
• Source Document• order form• application form• register• marks entry sheet
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Data input
CDP Standard Grade 14
Examples of data input
• Bar code• Magnetic stripe• Mark sense cards• Character recognition
• MICR• OCR
• Smart Card
CDP Standard Grade 15
Error checking
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Error checking
• Error checking is the process of making sure the data is correct
• Two forms of error checking are• validation • verification
CDP Standard Grade 17
Validation• Checking data to ensure it is a
sensible value to process. • The value may not be necessarily
correct.• Validation is carried out by the
computer system
CDP Standard Grade 18
Examples of validation
• Check digit• Range check• Length check• Data type check• Presence check• Hash total• Batch total
CDP Standard Grade 19
Verification• Checking data to ensure it is
correct• Verification is carried out by
people
CDP Standard Grade 20
Example of verification
The usual method for verification is for the data to be typed in twice. This could be
• One operator typing the data in twice, or• Two operators typing the same data in
once
• The computer system then compares the two inputs to check if they are identical
CDP Standard Grade 21
Data processing and storage
CDP Standard Grade 22
Interactive or Real time processing is used to update information. In a big organisation this is usually on a multi-user database.
Can be classified as• Sequential access (serial)• Random access (direct)
Data processing
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Data storage
• Files, records, fields and data• Update• Backup
• File ancestry• grandparent, parent,child
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Data output
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Data output
• Screen• Paper
• preprinted stationary• File
CDP Standard Grade 26
Implications of the use of CDP
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Management information
•Stock•Staff•Multi user databases•Single entry, multiple use
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Advantages over a manual system
• Large amounts of data can be held• Data can be processed more
quickly • Data can be processed more
accurately (less errors)• Lists can be kept up to date more
easily• Direct mailing by the use of mail
merge
CDP Standard Grade 29
Costs
• Initial costs• hardware• software• training
• Running costs• staff• maintenan
ce
CDP Standard Grade 30
Data processing staff
• Network manager
• Systems analyst• Programmer• Engineer
CDP Standard Grade 31
E-commerce
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E-commerce
• Online banking• Online shopping
• Effects on business• Mass market
CDP Standard Grade 33
Banking
• What is money?• What do we want from banks?
•Security•Accuracy•Reliability•Privacy
CDP Standard Grade 34
Transferring money
• Cash transfers• Paper transfers• Electronic fund transfer (EFT)• Home banking
•on line•telephone
CDP Standard Grade 35
Shopping
• Pre-computers•Disadvantages
• Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS)•Advantages and disadvantages•Structure of bar code•Social implications
• Electronic fund transfer Point of Sale (EFTPOS)
CDP Standard Grade 36
Crime, Security and Privacy
• Theft• Fraud• Sale of customer lists
• Security• physical• software
CDP Standard Grade 37
CDP and the Law• Data Protection Act• Computer Misuse Act
• Customer lists regulated by Advertising Standards Authority
CDP Standard Grade 38
Commercial Data Processing
End of presentation