CD10: Chapter 2

Developmental Processes and Factors Affecting Development

Chapter Goals

Summarize the processes of typical development

List factors affecting development

Chapter Agenda

Typical development principlesBasic principles of developmentBasic processes of developmentBasic stages of development

Factors affecting developmentMaternal age and nutritionExposure to toxinsPrenatal substance abuseMaternal illness, infectionChromosomal and blood differencesPremature birthChild abuse and neglect

Basic Principles (pgs 41-43)

Development: changes in physical growth, and learning new skills – occurs in stages

Maturation: different ranges of change in characteristics and behavior

Children develop at different rates, but there are typical (normal) ranges we expect. Children whose development falls outside these ranges are red flags for parents, teachers and physicians

Basic Processes (pg 43-44)

Heredity and the Environment (Nature and Nurture)

Pg 79: “The development of an individual from conception through childhood is a complex unfolding that is influenced by the processes of heredity and environment. … children inherit many characteristics from their parents. The environment also shapes the way children behave, how and what they learn, and their rate of development.”

Interaction between heredity and environment accounts for the many elements of development

Basic Stages

ConceptionPrenatal developmentBirthNeonate (birth – 1 month)InfancyToddlersPreschoolSchool-ageAdolescenceEarly adulthood (18 - 30 years)Middle adulthood (30 - 60 years)Older adulthood (60 years - death)

Small Group Activity

1) Overview of factors and how to access the links

2) With your group, select one factor affecting development.

3) Using the chapter slides, click on the links to these websites and resources.

4) Prepare a summary to give the class:a) 5 interesting facts about the factorb) Development problems caused by the factorc) Questions you have about the factor

Factors Affecting Development

Maternal age and nutrition affect the mother’s ability to provide proper nutrients and environment for optimal development

Gestational diabetes

Toxins cross the placenta and cause cells to develop differently than normal

Alcohol (FAS)

Tobacco

Cocaine and Heroin

Factors Affecting Development

Maternal illness

Chromosomal differencesDowns Syndrome

Fragile X Syndrome

Sickle Cell Anemia (1)

Sickle Cell Anemia (2)

Premature birth

Maternal abuse