ccna v5-s1-chapter 3

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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_I D 1 Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communications Introduction to Networks

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Page 1: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1

Chapter 3:Network Protocols and Communications

Introduction to Networks

Page 2: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 2© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Chapter 3: Objectives

Students will be able to: Explain how rules are used to facilitate communication. Explain the role of protocols and standards

organizations in facilitating interoperability in network communications.

Explain how devices on a LAN access resources in a small to medium-sized business network.

Page 3: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 3© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Chapter 33.1 Rules of Communication3.2 Network Protocols and Standards3.3 Moving Data in the Network3.4 Summary

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Presentation_ID 4© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

The RulesWhat is Communication?

Page 5: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 5© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

The RulesEstablishing the RulesEstablishing the Rules

An identified sender and receiver Agreed upon method of communicating (face-to-face,

telephone, letter, photograph) Common language and grammar Speed and timing of delivery Confirmation or acknowledgement requirements

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Presentation_ID 6© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

The RulesMessage Encoding

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Presentation_ID 7© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

The RulesMessage Formatting and EncapsulationExample: Personal letter contains the following elements: An identifier of the recipient A salutation or greeting The message content A closing phrase An identifier of the sender

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Presentation_ID 8© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

The RulesMessage SizeThe size restrictions of frames require the source host to break a long message into individual pieces that meet both the minimum and maximum size requirements.

This is known as segmenting.

Each segment is encapsulated in a separate frame with the address information, and is sent over the network.

At the receiving host, the messages are de-encapsulated and put back together to be processed and interpreted.

Page 9: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 9© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

The RulesMessage Timing Access Method Flow Control Response Timeout

Page 10: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 10© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

The RulesMessage Delivery Options

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Presentation_ID 11© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

ProtocolsRules that Govern Communications

Page 12: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 12© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

ProtocolsNetwork Protocols How the message is formatted or structured The process by which networking devices share information

about pathways with other networks How and when error and system messages are passed

between devices The setup and termination of data transfer sessions

Page 13: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 13© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

ProtocolsInteraction of Protocols Application Protocol – Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Transport Protocol – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol – Internet Protocol (IP) Network Access Protocols – Data Link & Physical layers

Page 14: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 14© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Protocol SuitesProtocol Suites and Industry Standards

Page 15: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 15© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Protocol SuitesCreation of Internet, Development of TCP/IP

Page 16: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 16© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Protocol SuitesTCP/IP Protocol Suite and Communication

Page 17: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 17© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Protocols and StandardsStandards Organizations

Page 18: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 18© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Standards OrganizationsOpen Standards The Internet Society (ISOC) The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) The International Organization for Standards (ISO)

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Presentation_ID 19© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Standards OrganizationsISOC, IAB, and IETF

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Presentation_ID 20© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Standards OrganizationsIEEE 38 societies 130 journals 1,300 conferences each year 1,300 standards and projects 400,000 members 160 countries IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.11

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Presentation_ID 21© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Standards OrganizationsISO

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Presentation_ID 22© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Standards OrganizationsOther Standards Organization The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) The International Telecommunications Union –

Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T) The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

(ICANN) The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Page 23: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 23© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Reference ModelsThe Benefits of Using a Layered Model

Page 24: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 24© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Reference ModelsThe OSI Reference Model

Page 25: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 25© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Reference ModelsThe TCP/IP Reference Model

Page 26: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 26© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Reference ModelsComparing the OSI and TCP/IP Models

Page 27: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 27© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Data EncapsulationCommunicating the Messages Segmenting message benefits

Different conversations can be interleavedIncreased reliability of network communications

Segmenting message disadvantageIncreased level of complexity

Page 28: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 28© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Data EncapsulationProtocol Data Units (PDUs) Data Segment Packet Frame Bits

Page 29: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 29© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Data EncapsulationEncapsulation

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Presentation_ID 30© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Data EncapsulationDe-encapsulation

Page 31: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 31© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Moving Data in the NetworkAccessing Local Resources

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Presentation_ID 32© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Accessing Local ResourcesNetwork Addresses & Data Link addresses Network Address

Source IP addressDestination IP address

Data Link AddressSource data link addressDestination data link address

Page 33: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 33© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Accessing Local ResourcesCommunicating with Device / Same Network

Page 34: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 34© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Accessing Local ResourcesMAC and IP Addresses

PC1192.168.1.110

AA-AA-AA-AA-AA-AA

PC2192.168.1.111

BB-BB-BB-BB-BB-BB

FTP Server192.168.1.9

CC-CC-CC-CC-CC-CC

R1192.168.1.1

11-11-11-11-11-11ARP

RequestS1 R1

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Presentation_ID 35© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Accessing Remote ResourcesDefault Gateway

PC 1192.168.1.110

AA-AA-AA-AA-AA-AA

PC 2192.168.1.111

BB-BB-BB-BB-BB-BB

FTP Server192.168.1.9

CC-CC-CC-CC-CC-CC

R1192.168.1.1

11-11-11-11-11-11

R2172.16.1.99

22-22-22-22-22-22

Web Server172.16.1.99

AB-CD-EF-12-34-56

Page 36: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 36© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Accessing Remote ResourcesCommunicating Device / Remote Network

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Presentation_ID 37© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Accessing Remote ResourcesUsing Wireshark to View Network Traffic

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Presentation_ID 38© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Protocols and CommunicationsSummaryIn this chapter, you learned: Data networks are systems of end devices, intermediary

devices, and the media connecting the devices. For communication to occur, these devices must know how to communicate.

These devices must comply with communication rules and protocols. TCP/IP is an example of a protocol suite.

Most protocols are created by a standards organization such as the IETF or IEEE.

The most widely-used networking models are the OSI and TCP/IP models.

Page 39: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 39© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Protocols and CommunicationsSummaryIn this chapter, you learned: Data that passes down the stack of the OSI model is

segmented into pieces and encapsulated with addresses and other labels. The process is reversed as the pieces are de-encapsulated and passed up the destination protocol stack.

The OSI model describes the processes of encoding, formatting, segmenting, and encapsulating data for transmission over the network.

The TCP/IP protocol suite is an open standard protocol that has been endorsed by the networking industry and ratified, or approved, by a standards organization.

Page 40: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 40© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Protocols and CommunicationsSummaryIn this chapter, you learned: The Internet Protocol Suite is a suite of protocols required for

transmitting and receiving information using the Internet. Protocol Data Units (PDUs) are named according to the

protocols of the TCP/IP suite: data, segment, packet, frame, and bits.

Applying models allows individuals, companies, and trade associations to analyze current networks and plan the networks of the future.

Page 41: Ccna v5-S1-Chapter 3

Presentation_ID 41© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential