Causes of WWI1914-1918

Causes of World War I 1914-1918

While the assassination of the Arch Duke Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary was the spark or catalyst for starting World War One, it was by no means the cause of it. Those causes were:

AlliancesImperialism/ colonialismMilitarismIndustrialization

Nationalism

To remember the 5 causes : AIM IN

Murder at SarajevoSunday morning, June 28th, 1914.

Sarajevo is a little town in Austria- Hungary

Archduke Franz Ferdinand is to become the emperor of all Austria-Hungary.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE8552joxfE

Murder at Sarajevo: 10am

The royal couple drive to the town hall in a 4 car motorcade. A bomb is thrown at the limousine, but the Archduke is not hurt.

Both the mayor and the chief of police assure the archduke there will be no more danger.

Murder at Sarajevo: Minutes Later The motorcade moves on to the

governor’s palace. A 19 year-old, Gavriol Princip, steps up

to the car and fires two shots from pointblank range.

1st shot hits the archduke in the throat and the 2nd shot hits his wife Sophia in the stomach.

Both die on the way to the hospital. The assassin, Princip, tries to swallow

poison but the poison fails to work. The police round up Princep and 5

others. They are members of a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand.

Murder at Sarajevo: Later that day

A friend of the assassin sends a message in code to the Serbian capital.

It reads, “Excellent sale of both horses.”

The members of the Black Hand know exactly what this code means. What they could not know was the terrible effect those 2 shots would have on world history.

Murder at Sarajevo: Predicting

1. How do you think Austria-Hungary will react to the murder of the archduke who was to become their emperor?

2. What action do you think Austria-Hungary will take against Serbia and the Black hand?

3. How might these actions affect the countries around Austria-Hungary and Serbia?

4. How might people in Canada react?

Rivals for Colonies Imperialism = The desire of countries to

build huge world-wide empires by gaining lands and colonies away from the homeland. This generated intense rivalry among European powers

Colonies source of wealth, power and glory Industrialization was occurring around the

world. European powers were scrambling to get parts of Africa (Great Magnificent Cake) for the rubber and palm oil.

Britain had the largest empire, including Canada. France & Russia also had colonies in various parts of the world. But by the time Germany wanted to build an empire, there were few valuable territories left.

Military Rivals Arms Race = The building up of armies

and navies by countries who wish to have the most powerful armed forces.

As nations competed to arm themselves with powerful weapons, ships, and forces, fears of the military might of opposing nations grew. The arms race escalated other tensions and ensured that once war began the struggle would be bloody and cost many lives.

Great Britain became concerned when Germany started building a huge navy. Britain depended on its navy to protect its vast empire.

Dangerous Alliances Allies = Countries

bound to support each other should a war threaten any one of them. These alliances divided Europe into hostile camps. While they were formed to balance power and ensure insecurity, in the end they made for a greater degree of instability in Europe.

Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: Russia and Serbia Germany and

Austria-Hungary France and Russia Britain and France

and Belgium Japan and Britain

Dangerous Alliances Triple Entente

(Allies) = An alliance system, whose partners were Britain, France, and Russia.

Triple Alliance (Central Powers) = An alliance system, whose partners were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Crisis in Europe before WWI France & Germany were

arguing over Morocco. 1906: International

meeting at Algeciras, Spain

Spain was to remain independent but France could have police there.

France sent an army and so German responded by sending a warship

This was known as the Agadir Affair

Result was Morocco was made a protectorate of France and Germany was given land in the Congo.

Austria-Hungary & Russia argued over the Balkans.

Russia wanted to protect the Slavic peoples and help them to a seaport

A-H were opposed to Serbian expansion.

1908 A-H tried to add the states of Bosnia & Herzegovina to its territory

1st Balkan War (1912) where Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece & Montenegro defeated Turkey

2nd Balkan War (1913) where Serbia and Greece defeated Bulgaria.

Nationalism & Terrorism Nationalism, a deep loyalty to one’s

homeland, was causing problems between nations.

In Serbia, extreme nationalists formed a terrorist organization called The Black Hand.

Serbian Independence Movement = Many Serbs lived in Bosnia, a province under Austrian control. Black Hand Nationalists wanted to free all Serbs in Bosnia so they could live united in their own country of Serbia

June 28th, 1914, Sarajevo = Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand.

June 28th, 1914 Austria-Hungary blamed

Serbia for the deaths of the archduke and his wife.

Austria sent Serbia an ultimatum. If Serbia did not crush the Black Hand, Austria threatened to declare war. Serbia was refusing to accept the ultimatum.

July 26th, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Serbia asked Russia for help. Russia started to get its armies

ready to help Serbia. France started to get its armies ready to help Russia. Germany felt threatened when its two neighbours, Russia and

France, began moving their armies.

August 1st, 1914

Germany declared war on Russia.

August 2nd, 1914 Germany declared war on France. Germany attacked France by going through

Belgium, a neutral country friendly with Britain.

August 4th, 1914 Britain declared war on Germany because it had

attacked Belgium. Canada, as part of the British empire, was automatically at was too.

Statistics

World War One included: 3 Continents 31 Countries 65 Million Soldiers 37 Million Casualties 91,198 Deaths by Gas 6,395 Allied and Neutral Ships Lost $186.3 Billion Financial Losses

Youtube Clips:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7kp3vf1uKA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjlGoe1mnw0&feature=related

Brainpop: WWI

Map Activity

Page 47 of YOUR textbook Label the map of Europe Colour the Triple Alliance one shade Colour the Triple Entrente another

shade. Leave the neutral countries white Make sure you label the major bodies of

water and cities (London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, Rome, Moscow)

Europe 1914-1918

Countries InvolvedAllied Countries Central Countries

Serbia Russia France Belgium Great Britain British Empire Liberia Japan Montenegro Italy San Marino Portugal Romania

Austria-Hungary Germany Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Bulgaria

Greece China U.S. Cuba Nicaragua Brazil Siam Costa Rica Guatemala Haiti Honduras

Countries that only cut off trade • Bolivia• Ecuador• Peru• Uruguay

Canadian Battles

Europe after WWI

Europe before/after WWI