causes of the american revolution 1763 - 1775
TRANSCRIPT
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Causes of the American Revolution 1763 - 1775
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Pontiac’s War - 1763
• After 1760 – English settlers moved west
• Lord Jeffrey Amherst sent to frontier
• Amherst raised the price of trade goods
• Amherst allowed settlers to build farms and forts on Indian land
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Pontiac’s War - 1763
• Ottawa Chief Pontiac emerged as a leader
• Pontiac attacked Ft.Detroit
• Indians captured most British forts in Ohio Country
• British and colonial troops regained most of them
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Pontiac’s War - 1763
• Treaty of Paris ended French power in North America
• Native Americans couldn’t count on French support
• Pontiac’s War ended
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King George III and William Pitt
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England in Debt
• William Pitt’s policies to win the French and Indian War in North America left England in debt.
• King George III and Parliament felt colonists should be paying more of the costs
• Mercantilism – colonies exist for the good of the Mother Country
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England in Debt
• Mercantilism – colonies produce raw materials for the Mother country and buy her manufactured goods
• Navigation Acts – Law passed by Parliament in the 1660’s and 1670’s to put Mercantilism into practice
• Salutary Neglect – Navigation Acts not enforced so colonists would have the money to buy British goods
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Proclamation of 1763 – Proclamation Line
• Drew a line down the middle of the Appalachian Mountains
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Proclamation of 1763
• No white settlement west of the line
• Fur Traders must get a license
• 10,000 British troops stationed in the colonies to patrol the frontier
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Sugar Act and Stamp Act
• Parliament – Law making body in England
• Sugar Act – Regulate Trade
• Stamp Act – Raise Revenue
• Regulate Trade vs. Raise Revenue
• “No Taxation Without Representation”
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Sugar Act - 1764
• George Grenville – Prime Minister
• Regulate Trade• Lower tax on sugar
and molasses• Collect the tax• Stop smuggling
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Stamp Act - 1765
• Raise Revenue• Tax stamp required on
legal documents – wills, marriage papers, newspapers, almanacs, playing cards and dice
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Stamp Act Crisis 1765 - 1766
• “No Taxation Without Representation”
• Methods of ProtestPeaceful – Stamp Act Congress – New
York City – 9 colonies – petitionViolent – Sons of LibertyEconomic - Boycott
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Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
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Sons of Liberty
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Patrick Henry – Virginia House of Burgesses – “If this be treason
then make the most of it”
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Stamp Act Crisis
• Stamp Act repealed in 1766
• Parliament passes the Declaratory Act
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Death of Anne Stamp
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Townshend Acts - 1767
• Charles Townshend – Prime Minister
• Taxes on paint, paper, lead, glass and tea
• Writs of Assistance – blanket search warrants
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Methods of Protest
• Peaceful – petition
• Violent – Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty
• Economic – Non – importation agreements
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Sons and Daughters of Liberty
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Colonial Leaders
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Boston Massacre - 1770
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Boston Massacre - 1770
• Townshend Duties repealed except for a tax on tea
• British troops removed from Boston
• Committees of Correspondence organized by Sam Adams
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Boston Tea Party - 1773
• Tea Act – British East India Company
• Sons of Liberty dump tea into Boston Harbor
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Intolerable Acts ( Coersive Acts)1774
• Boston Port Bill – Boston Harbor closed until the tea is paid for
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Intolerable ( Coersive ) Acts - 1774
• Massachusetts Government Act –
Massachusetts Assembly dissolved
Boston under martial law
Thomas Gage – military governor
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Intolerable ( Coersive ) Acts - 1774
• Quartering Acts 1765 – troops
quartered in public buildings and public greens
1774 – troops quartered in people’s homes
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Intolerable ( Coersive ) Acts - 1774
• Quebec ActEstablished the
boundaries of the Quebec Colony
Allowed the Catholic religion in Quebec
No elected assembly
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First Continental Congress - 1774
• Albany Congress – 1754 - 7 of 13 colonies
• Stamp Act Congress – 1765 – New York City - 9 of 13 colonies
• First Continental Congress – 1774 – Philadelphia – 12 of 13 colonies
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First Continental Congress
• Voted to cut off colonial trade with England unless Intolerable Acts abolished
• Advise colonies to begin training citizens for war• Wanted to define American rights, place limits on
Parliament’s power and agree on tactics to resist aggressive acts of the English government
• Set up a Colonial Association to enforce an embargo against England
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Patrick Henry – March, 1775 – “Give Me Liberty or Give Me
Death”
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Colonial Leaders