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Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop structure is a positive or negative feedback loop.

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Page 1: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Causal Loop Diagrams

Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback

loop structure is a positive or negative feedback loop.

Page 2: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Earth’s Energy Balance is used here to develop and explain causal loop diagrams.

Page 3: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Connections (+ or - ??)*Absorbed Sunlight Earth’s Mean Temperature

Emitted Infrared Earth’s Mean Temperature

Earth’s Mean TemperatureCloud Cover

Earth’s Mean TemperatureVolcanic aerosol

Earth’s Mean TemperatureCO2

use nouns* A connection is positive if when the first increases the second also increases, and a connection is negative (opposite) if when the first increases the second decreases

Earth’s Mean TemperatureWater Vapor

Planetary albedo Earth’s Mean Temperature

Page 4: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Connections (+ or - ??)Absorbed Sunlight Earth’s Mean Temperature

Emitted Infrared Earth’s Mean Temperature

Earth’s Mean TemperatureCloud Cover*

Earth’s Mean TemperatureVolcanic aerosol

Earth’s Mean TemperatureCO2

use nouns* The effect of cloud cover is complicated because they reduce sunlight be day but provide warming at night. High thin ciro stratus clouds also influence the Earth system differently than low thick stratus clouds.

Earth’s Mean TemperatureWater Vapor

Planetary albedo Earth’s Mean Temperature

+

-

+

+

-

-

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+ or

Page 5: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Example

• Draw a causal loop diagram to describe the following:

• The sun becomes brighter causing Earth to warm. As the Earth warms it gives off more longwave radiation until it settles into a new equilibrium temperature.

Page 6: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Answer• Draw a causal loop diagram to describe the following:

• The sun becomes brighter causing Earth to warm to a new equilibrium temperature.

sunlightEarth’s mean Temperature

Emitted infrared energy+

-

-+

Notice that the sun is not within the feedback loop structure.

This negative feedback loop is always present in the Earth System and helps limit the runaway effects of positive feedback processes.

Page 7: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Ice albedo feedbck process

Draw a causal loop diagram capturing the essence of the feedback process decribed below.

As Earth’s temperature increases from an increase in solar output there will be less snow and ice cover globally. This decreases the planetary albedo causing even more sunlight to be absorbed by the climate system resulting in amplified warming.

Page 8: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

What are the polarities of each connection?

1.2.3.4.5.

Page 9: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

What are the polarities of each connection?

1. +

2. -3. +

4. -5. +

What is the sign of this feedback loop?

+

+

+

-

-

Page 10: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

What is the sign of this feedback loop?

1. +

2. -3. +

4. -5. +

What is the sign of this feedback loop?

+

+

+

+

-

-

Page 11: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Air Resistance

Page 12: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Connections (+ or - ??)Size (area) of car Air resistance force

Air temperature Air resistance force

Speed of car

Remember use nouns

Air resistance force

Page 13: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Connections (+ or - ??)Size (area) of car Air resistance force

Air temperature Air resistance force**

Speed of car

Remember use nouns**Warmer air is thinner air

Air resistance force

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+

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Page 14: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

weight

Air resistance

Net downward Force

Page 15: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Connections (+ or - ??)Size of parachuet Air resistance force

Altitude Air resistance force

Jumper’s speed

Remember use nouns

Air resistance force

Page 16: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Connections (+ or - ??)Size of parachuet Air resistance force

Altitude Air resistance force

Jumper’s speed

Remember use nouns

Air resistance force

+

+

-

-

Note: our text usesFor an opposite connection

o

Page 17: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Draw a causal loop diagram to describe the following:

As the sky diver falls she travels faster and faster until reaching a terminal velocity. Include diver’s speed, air resistance, weight, and net downward force in your diagram.

Page 18: Causal Loop Diagrams Causal loop diagrams can be very helpful for explaining the mechanism behind feedback loops and identifying whether the feedback loop

Whenever the number of negative (opposite) connection is oddThe loop is a negative feedback loop.


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