CatapultFARSQUAAD

Problem Statement

Torsion is not strong enough to propel the objects.

Base has to be very stable.

Need the right measurements to insure success when launching.

Operation and ApplicationHas to have a base first.

A rope for kinetic energy to launch.

A place to store the projectiles for launch.

To figure out how long a projectile will be in the air we use a quadratic formula.

HistoryCatapults were first created by the Chinese and later introduced to the Europeans.

Catapults were mostly used during siege warfare.

A siege engine is a device that is designed to break or get around castle walls.

They were accidently created in an attempt to make the crossbow reach greater distances.

There are many type but the 3 main types are the Ballista, Mangonel, and Trebuchet.

Uses Catapults were used to hurl numerous objects over or at city walls.

These included stones, arrows, diseased bodies, dung, tar, pots of fire, and more.

They were in use to either protect a city or invade one.

Batter fortifications.

Sink ships

Ballista The Ballista was known as “The Giant Crossbow”

The name was derived from the Greek word “Ballistes” which means to throw.

Worked by using tension it was one of the catapults invaluable for siege attack.

It was great at penetrating and the projectiles could go through more than two people.

Deadly accuracy

Mangonel

It fired projectiles through a bowl shaped bucket.

It was used to shoot various missiles at castles and cities.

Not as accurate it had a better range than a trebuchet.

How the mangonel works is by pulling a long arm with a bucket at the end then releasing.

Trebuchet

Counter weight siege catapult.

Made in China in 300 BC and was introduced to Europe in 500 AD

Was able to shoot missiles up to 300 yards.

Was more energy efficient .

Consists simply of a pivoting beam and a counterweight that rotates the beam through an arc.

Current EventsThe only Catapult used today is for aircraft on War Ships. For very heavy and large fighter jets they use a catapult to lift them fast off the ships. This is basically known as a aircraft catapult.

Impacts

oCatapults were part of the result of many cities being taken over

oToday, Catapults make it possible for heavy jets to launch off of ships.

oThey made many technology today possible such as the Mortar.

Mathematics

We can also use trigonometry for the initial velocity from the ground to the maximum height.

Galileo noticed that the curve looked similar to a parabola.

Used mathematics to make it more sustainable to wind, and not succumb to gravity in less of a

time.

Equations

A general equation for a catapult is d = vt sin(x) - 4.9t^2. D stands for distance while V is initial

velocity. X is the angle in which you launch the projectile. Sin(x) is the horizontal component of

going over something.

Another equation is U=½kx2 for tension.

Electric Power

•Are moving charges to some other form of heat, mechanical energy, or energy stored in electric

or magnetic fields.

•There are mainly three conventional source of electric power generation, and they are thermal,

hydal, and nuclear energy.

Electric power uses

Lighting

Computers

Railway traction

Impacts of Electric Power

Gives us easy access to resources

The ability to refrigerate

Having light with fire

Work cited

https://sites.google.com/site/physicsofcatapults/home/history-of-catapults

http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-weapons/ballista.htm

http://www.ancientfortresses.org/mangonel.htm