cataloguing and classification

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF

BOOKS: AN OVERVIEW OF CATALOGUING

Oyewole olawale2014

[email protected]

CATALOGUING

Cataloguing in simple terms is the description of information resources, bringing out the important features and linking the users with the resources.

TYPES OF CATALOGUING DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUING SUBJECT CATALOGUING CLASSIFIICATION

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUING

This is the process of describing information resources by bringing out the essential bibliographic elements as outlined by the Anglo American Cataloguing Rules 2 (AACR2).

ELEMENTS OF DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUING

Heading/entry/access point Title and statement of responsibility Edition Imprint Collation Series statement Notes area ISBN

HEADING

The heading could be:1. Author’s name (main

author/joint author)2. Title3. Subject4. Series title

TITLE AND STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY

The title is the exact title as it is on the book. At times titles include subtitle.

Statement of responsibility refers to the individual or individuals who is/are responsible for the intellectual content of the book.

EDITION

This refers to the edition statement as seen from the book. Edition statement is written as 2nd ed. 3rd ed. 4th ed. And so on. Note however that there is nothing like 1st edition

IMPRINT

Imprint includes:I. Place of publication- the exact place and

not country (Ibadan and not Nigeria). Except for United States where the name of both place and city is given

II. Publishers name- the publishers name only, with PLC, and son etc

III. Date of publication-year only

COLLATION

This can also be called physical description area. The content here includes :

Number of preliminary pages in Roman figures

Number of Arabic pages If the book is illustrated The dimension of the book in

centimeters.

SERIES STATEMENT

Not all books belong to series. Series are publications produced by the same publisher but for different intended users. If a book is in series it would be written on the book. The series statement is written immediately after the collation inside bracket.

NOTES AREA

This is an area meant for all types of information that can not be fixed with the elements of description. In books however, this area takes care of Index and Bibliography. So if the book contains the two, they are recorded.

ISBN

This is a unique number that is issued to the book usually by the National Library. Every standard book should have one, it is an identifier that stamps approval on the book and also on the author of the book. This is the last element included when conducting descriptive cataloguing

PUNCTUATIONS SIGNS

Title and statement of responsibility area (:) used to separate the title from sub title.

diagonal slash (/) used the separate statement of responsibility and the title of the book.

imprint area- (:) separates the place of publication from the publisher

(,) is used to separate the publisher from the date of publication.

PUNCTUATION SIGNS CONTD

Collation area:, separate the preliminary pages from

text pages: separate full text pages from

illustrative material; separates the illustrative material

from the dimensionSeries area. ( ) series title is

enclosed in brackets.

PRACTICAL EXAMPLE OF A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE ENTRY

Akinbo, O How to excel in examinations: a step by step approach/ O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan: University Press, 2014.

ix, 240p. : illus; 23cm (examination series) It includes: Index Bibliography ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9

SUBJECT CATALOGUING

Once descriptive cataloguing ends the next step is subject cataloguing. This has to do with the process of determining the subject of a book by examining all to relevant pages, in order to arrive at a subject which will be standardized and controlled by a subject heading lists.

TYPES OF SUBJECT HEADING LISTS

1. Library of Congress Subject Heading Lists (LSCH)

2. Sears Lists of Subject Headings (SLSH)

3. Thesaurus

PROCESS OF SUBJECT CATALOGUING

If no subject clue from all these parts, consult an expert.

Once the subject is known-

Standardize using subject heading lists (LCSH/SLSH)

Preface, introduction, the text, publishers blurb,

index bibliography

Check through these parts of the book

Title page Table of contents

A CATALOGUE ENTRY WITH SUBJECT INDICATED

Akinbo, O How to excel in examinations: a step by step approach/ O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan: University Press, 2014. ix, 240p. : illus; 23cm (examination series) It includes: Index Bibliography ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9 1. Education-examinations

This is gotten from the subject heading after the cataloguer has gone through the relevant parts of the book and arrives at a subject, which is then controlled by the subject heading.

ADDED ENTRIES

In the layout of a catalogue entry, just after the subject is the space for added entries. What are added entries? They are fields or terms that are used to locate a particular book apart from the main entry.

The author’s name is the main entry but at times, a book may be written by more than one author and two authors cannot be used as heading. So the other author (s) names are entered as added entries.

ADDED ENTRY CONTD

Other added entries apart from joint author (s) are; title and series. They are usually preceded with Roman figure rendering:

Example: I. title II. Joint author III. series

PRACTICAL IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN ENTRY ADDED ENTRIES

Identify the main and added entries in the following titles:

1. Football in Nigeria by O. Ojo and P. Apan.2. History of the world by P. Obi3. Librarianship in Africa by U. Uzo, R. Oni

and R. Audu4. Information for development by R. Bada.

The book is a part of the information series

ANSWERS

1. Main entry-Ojo. O. Added entries-Apan. P and title

2. Main entry-Obi. P. Added entry- title3. Main entry-Uzo. U. Added entries-

Oni. R and Audu. R and title4. Main entry-Bada. R. Added entries –

title and series

SIGNIFICANCE OF ADDED ENTRIES

THIS SYMBOLIZES THAT APART FROM THE MAIN CARD, ADDITIONAL CARDS WILL BE MADE WHERE THE ADDED ENTRIES WILL BE MADE THE ACCESS OR ENTRY POINT JUST LIKE THE MAIN ACCESS POINT IN THE FIRST CARDS.

A CATALOGUE ENTRY WITH ADDED ENTRIES INDICATED

Akinbo, O How to excel in examinations: a step by step approach/ O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan: University Press, 2014. ix, 240p. : illus; 23cm (examination series) It includes: Index Bibliography ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9 1. Education-examinations I. title II. Series

TRACING

The combination of the subject and the added entries is called tracing. This means that the book can still be traced by the subject, title, name of joint author (s) and the series.

THE HIGHLIGHTED AND UNDERLINED PARTS ARE THE TRACING

Akinbo, O How to excel in examinations: a step by step approach/ O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan University Press, 2014. ix, 240p. : illus; 23cm (examination series) It includes: Index Bibliography ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9 1. Education-examinations I. title II. Series

ADDED ENTRY CARD- first will be for the subject

Education-examinations Akinbo, O How to excel in examinations: a step by step approach/ O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan: University Press, 2014. ix, 240p. : illus; 23cm (examination series) It includes: Index Bibliography ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9 1. Education-examinations I. title II. Series

ADDED ENTRY FOR TITLE

How to excel in examinations: a step by

step approach Akinbo, O How to excel in examinations: a step by step approach/ O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan: University Press, 2014. ix, 240p. : illus; 23cm (examination series) It includes: Index Bibliography ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9 1. Education-examinations I. title II. Series

ADDED ENTRY FOR SERIES

Examination series Akinbo, O How to excel in examinations: a step by step approach/ O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan: University Press, 2014. ix, 240p. : illus; 23cm (examination series) It includes: Index Bibliography ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9 1. Education-examinations I. title II. Series

IF THE BOOK IS WRITTEN BY TWO PERSONS (EXAMPLE)

Akinbo, O How to excel in examinations: a step by step approach/ O. Akinbo and O. Oyewole.- 2nd ed.

Ibadan: University Press, 2014. ix, 240p. : illus; 23cm (examination series) It includes: Index Bibliography ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9 1. Education-examinations I. title II. Oyewole. O (jt auth) III. series

ADDED ENTRIES IN THIS CASE

The first added entry will be made for the subject, title, Oyewole and lastly for series. So the card for Oyewole. O will be made before that of the series.

ADDED ENTRY FOR OYEWOLE

Oyewole. O Akinbo, O How to excel in examinations: a step by step approach/ O. Akinbo and O. Oyewole.- 2nd ed.

Ibadan: University Press, 2014 ix, 240p. : illus; 23cm (examination series) It includes: Index Bibliography ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9 1. Education-examinations I. title II. Oyewole. O (jt auth) III. series

IDENTIFICATION ADDED ENTRIES IN A BOOK WRITTEN BY TWO INDIVIDUALS

As in the example used, the added entries are:

1. Subject2. Title3. Joint Author4. Series

CATALOGUING AND CLASSIFICATION

A DISCUSSION OF CATALOGUING WITHOUT CLASSIFICATION WILL NOT BE COMPLETE. CLASSIFICATION ADDS MEANING TO CATALOGUING, IT MAKES THE WHOLE PROCESS USEFUL EVENTUALLY TO THE USERS.

THIS PRESENTATION WILL TAKE A BIRD’S- EYE VIEW OF CLASSIFICATION OF BOOKS

CLASSIFICATION

Classification is as important as cataloguing, the two processes go hand in hand. Cataloguing without classification is a waste, classification adds usefulness to the catalogue. Classification in librarianship simply means grouping of information materials according to subjects for easy retrieval of information.

classification deals with parking and marking of information materials.

PARKING

Parking has to do with bringing books on related subjects together. As such physics will be close to chemistry, while government will be close to political science. The subject relationship is the hallmark, this helps users to have access to books who share subject relationship. It would not be in the interest of the users if for example books on religion and social sciences are shelved together, what relationship do they have in the area of subject mutuality?

MARKING

This has to do with giving an appropriate notation so that the books that have been catalogued can be logically arranged and easily retrieved by the users. The marking process allocates the class number for the book, it is this number that gives the right location and address of the book on the shelve. With this, even if the library is as big as two standard football fields, the needed book can be retrieved within a short time with the class number which the marking aspect of classification provides.

CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES

Classification schemes facilitate the process of classification. Classification schemes are arrangement and outline of main classes of subject, including their divisions and sub divisions in a systematic order with their assigned class number.

TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION SCHEME

Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme (DDC)

Library of Congress Classification Scheme (LC)

Universal Decimal Classification Scheme (UDC)

Colon Classification Scheme (CC) BLISS Classification Scheme AND THE LIKES. THE EMPHASIS HERE

IS ON DDC.

DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION SCHEME

Developed in 1876 by Melvil Dewey Groups knowledge into 10 main classes 000-999 Generalities 100-199 Philosophy and

Psychology 200-299 Religion 300-399 Social Sciences 400-499 Languages 500-599 Sciences 600-699 Technology

DEWEY CONTD

700-799 Arts 800-899 Literature 900-999 History Produced in four volumes Volume 1 Tables and Manual Volume 2&3 Schedules Volume 4 Relative Index DDC uses pure notation

CLASSIFICATION WITH DDC

Classification should not be done from the index.The index presents a list of all the main subjects

and main aspects of subject with their appropriate classification number, the classification number for further subject division cannot be retrieved from the index.

For example , if a book has the title- Agriculture in Nigeria. The main subject no doubt is Agriculture, the classification number for that which is 630 can be gotten from the index of DDC

CLASSIFICATION CONTD

But a book with the title – Agricultural Practices in Nigeria will need more than an index to get the appropriate classification number. This is because the classification number for Agricultural Practices is not in the index, the schedule (Vol 3 of DDC) needs to be consulted for that. The index can only lead the classifier to the classification number of the broad subject which is Agriculture, and if the schedule is consulted under 630, more aspects of Agriculture will be outlined with their class numbers and practices will definitely be there. Hypothetical it could be 634.


But that is not all, this is because the title of the book is Agricultural practices in Nigeria. The classification number for Nigeria must also be provided, where can that be found-the index? No-the schedule? No- the table? Exactly the table. The table is also consulted for sub division of all sorts. Presently the DDC has reduced the number of tables to 6 from 7. The table that contains the number for Nigeria is table 2, which is 669. so 669 is added to the hypothetical class number for Agricultural Practices which is 634 to make the complete classification number of 634.669.


The example given illustrates the process of classification:

630 634 634.669

INDEX SCHEDULES TABLES

CLASSIFICATION STARTS FROM THE INDEX TO THE SCHEDULES AND IF NEDDED THE TABLES

CLASSIFICATION NUMBER AND CALL NUMBER

These two terms are different. Classification number is the number gotten from the classification scheme through the index, schedules and tables, while call number is the classification number plus (in the case of DDC) the first three letters of the author’s surname. For instance if the author of the book Agricultural Practices in Nigeria is Akinbo Olaide, then the classification number is 634.669 while the call number will be (AKI 634.669).

PLACING THE CLASSIFICATION NUMBER IN THE CATALOGUE CARD

Once the classification number has been retrieved and the author’s name added, it must be placed in the right place on the catalogue card for users to make use of it in locating the book in the library. The next example shows how a complete card looks like.

A COMPLETE CARD

Akinbo. O Agricultural practices in Nigeria/ O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan: Macmillan, 2014. ix, 120p. : illus; 23cm (Agriculture series) It includes: Index ISBN 978978546436 1. Agriculture I. Title II. Series

AKI634.669