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Engineering Teaching & Research Equipment

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Fluid MechanicsFluid MachinesHydraulics HydrologyWater TreatmentIrrigation Water ManagementThermodynamics Heat Transfer Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Internal Combustion Engines Unit Operations Biochemical Engineering Process Control TechnologyFood Technology

Fluid MechanicsFluid MachinesHydraulics HydrologyWater TreatmentIrrigation Water ManagementThermodynamics Heat Transfer Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Internal Combustion Engines Unit Operations Biochemical Engineering Process Control TechnologyFood Technology

www.discoverarmfield.comAn ISO 9001 Company

PLUS enViro rated equipment™

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22 new products

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0211/3k/SO2796

Our commitment to youAn ISO 9001 Company

www.discoverarmfield.com

QR codes - how & why to scanYou can key-in any product URL into your web browser or scan the QR code for direct access to the full range of our web based product data sheets and more.Scan with mobile smartphone or webcam with barcode scanning software installed.No scanning software on your mobile phone? You can download QR code scanning software for many mobile devices including Windows™, Android™ and ‡iPhone® at: www.quickmark.com.tw/en‡iPhone scanner also available at the Apple app store.Acknowledgements to QuickMark™ and SimpleAct Inc.™

armSoft™ supplied! Armfield’s own software is supplied as standard with many items of our equipment, providing either computer control, data logging, manual data entry, educational software facilities or a combination of these features where appropriate. The ArmSoft™ logo appears throughout the catalogue, indicating the ranges that are supported by our software.See the ArmSoft™ section in this catalogue for further information (pages 2-3).

armfield welcome you to our ninth edition catalogueArmfield Limited have over 50 years experience in the design and supply of equipment for Engineering teaching. In that time they have been consistent innovators and have brought many new concepts and products to market.It is the declared intent of the Company to remain at the forefront of the industry through its on-going commitment to research and development.While others may copy, Armfield see their strength and through that strength their commitment to the Engineering Education world, in providing new and unique ways of introducing and educating the student population in this most important of professional arenas.The Company recognises that it is not enough to supply equipment but that it must also ensure a complete range of services both pre and post sale. With a market place that covers all points of the globe, communication is an essential part of that service, Armfield strive to make the passage of communication as easy as possible whether the task is seeking data prior to a purchase or support after a sale.This ninth edition of the Company’s short form brochure reflects this ethos and the options available to obtain data. We hope you will find it a useful and rewarding aid in your search for engineering excellence within your teaching and research laboratories.

Chris Addis MD - Armfield

99EdITIOn 9 FEATURES

22 new products

Edition 9 showcases 22 new additions to our equipment ranges, covering many engineering disciplines and applications.

ALASEPTIC LINECOMPONENT

The AL Aseptic Line Component logo identifies equipment that can form part of an aseptic food processing line.SOFTWaRE

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All products certified

2 -YR WARRANTY ON ALL ARMFIELD P

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<EXTENDED> WARRANTY

2 years

additional peace of mind All Armfield products carry our two year extended warranty, are CE certified and quality assured by our ISO 9001 accreditation. See inside back page for further details. enViro rated equipment

™enviro

PRODUCTS Armfield’s enViro™ logo appears throughout the catalogue, indicating ranges or equipment that provide insight and experience for the student, that can later be applied to benefit the environment. Other equipment by virtue of its function or capability can contribute to the reduction of environmental impact.

COmPaTibLEPRODUCT

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COmPaTibLEPRODUCT

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CONTENTS CONTENTS


ArmSoft™ – Acquisition & control software

Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Machines

Hydraulics & Hydrology

Water Treatment

Irrigation Water Management

Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

Internal Combustion Engines

Unit Operations

Biochemical Engineering

Process Control Technology

Food Technology


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In many cases, the latest software and interface systems are also available as updates to existing equipment. (Note not all features are included in each software package. Some equipment will require an Armfield IFD USB interface). †Armsoft 64-bit optimised application.

CIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE | FOOd | PUBLIC HEALTHARMSOFT - EduCAtIoNAl SoftWARE

301 304/30650/90DATA LOggINg FACILITIES - 50/90

Powerful data logging software with automatic or manual sampling. The data is stored in spreadsheet format which also contains any calculated values. The software includes powerful graph plotting tools allowing the user numerous display options, including dual y axes, points or lines, etc.

MANUAL DATA ENTRy SOFTWARE - 301

Some products are not suitable for automatic data logging, and require the results to be recorded manually from primary instrumentation such as manometers or thermometers.

For these products the 301 software offers all the functions of the 304 apart from the data sampling.

ACqUISITION & CONTROL - 304/306†

This package has all the data logging and general features of the 90 and 301 packages, but also includes computer control. A mimic diagram is used where set points and output values can be specified, PID loops can be tuned, and on-off switches can be controlled.

ArmSoft™

• Integrated courseware • USB connectivity• Real-time update of graphs• Data export to MS™ Excel• Multiple runs displayed on graphs

• Computer control• Graphical representation of equipment• Extended in-context help during experiments• Common user interface• Manual data entry when needed

Powerful educational and data logging software with a wide range of features, available for many Armfield products.

01101001100101111101101

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EduCAtIoNAl dAtA loggINg

For more details please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/armsoft or scan the QR code.

CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/armsoft

CIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE | FOOd | PUBLIC HEALTHEduCAtIoNAl SoftWARE - ARMSOFT

01101001100101111101101Typical software screenshot (CET Tubular Reactor experiment with heater)

Reactor response to a pulse change perturbation

Typical CEZ software screenshotReactor response to a step change perturbation

DATA LOggINg FACILITIES - 50/90

ACqUISITION & CONTROL - 304/306†MANUAL DATA ENTRy SOFTWARE - 301

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STATICS | DyNAmICS | OPEN/ClOSED ChANNEl FlOw | ROTODyNAmICS | hyDR AUlICS

FLUId MECHAnICS - f SERIES - BASIC PRINCIPlES

CoMPlEtE fluId MEChANICSCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

new

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BASIC HyDRAULICS BENCH - F1-10The F1-10 Basic Hydraulics Bench is designed as a portable and self-contained service module for the entire range of F1 accessories.

This accessory illustrates those circumstances to which Bernoulli’s Theorem may be applied. Also, separately, why in other circumstances the theorem gives an inadequate description of the fluid behaviour.

BERNOULLI’S THEOREM DEMONSTRATION - F1-15

This equipment allows the pressure drop of water passing through a hydraulically smooth circular pipe to be measured in detail and the pipe friction equation to be verified.

ENERgy LOSSES IN PIPES F1-18

This equipment allows the force developed by a jet of water impinging upon a stationary object to be measured.

IMPACT OF A JET - F1-16

This item is intended to reproduce the classic experiments conducted by Professor Osborne Reynolds concerning the nature of laminar and turbulent flow.

OSBORNE REyNOLDS’ DEMONSTRATION - F1-20

This equipment permits calibration of two orifices of differing diameter.

ORIFICE AND FREE JET FLOW F1-17

This accessory is designed to introduce students to three basic types of flow meter.

FLOW METER DEMONSTRATION - F1-21

The Orifice Discharge accessory enables full analysis of the flow through five different orifices over a range of flow rates.

ORIFICE DISCHARgE F1-17a

This accessory permits losses in different bends; a sudden contraction, sudden enlargement and a typical control valve; to be demonstrated.

ENERgy LOSSES IN BENDS AND FITTINgS - F1-22

FLUId dynAMICS

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/f1

view all F1 accessories online:www.armfield.co.uk/f1

For more details of this equipment please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/f1 or scan the QR code.

STaTiCSDynamiCS

HyDRaULiCS

ROTODynamiCS

OPEn/CLOSED CHannEL FLOW

CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/f1



f SERIES - BASIC PRINCIPlES - FLUId MECHAnICSCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

The Armfield hydraulics Bench and accessories have long been the benchmark used in Fluid mechanics teaching laboratories. The comprehensive range of equipment covers all aspects of the teaching of hydraulics in a safe, visual and easy to understand way, backed up by first class teaching materials.This range of equipment has now been extended and reinforced with an integrated range of Hydrostatics teaching accessories together with some new Hydraulics products. Thus the complete curriculum can be covered with this attractive range of products.

5

This equipment is designed to produce and measure the characteristics of free and forced vortices.

FREE AND FORCED VORTEX - F1-23If flowing water is suddenly brought to rest in a long pipe, a phenomenon known as water hammer occurs, wherein a pressure wave travels along the pipe. This principle is used in the hydraulic ram to pump water.

HyDRAULIC RAM - F1-24The Armfield Cavitation Demonstration apparatus demonstrates to students visually, audibly and numerically the phenomenon of Cavitation and its association with the Vapour Pressure of a liquid.

CAVITATION DEMONSTRATION - F1-28

The Armfield Fluid Friction Measurements unit provides facilities for the detailed study of fluid friction head losses, which occur when an incompressible fluid flows through pipes, fittings and flow metering devices. The unit is designed for use with the Armfield F1-10 Hydraulics Bench.

FLUID FRICTION MEASUREMENTS - C6MkII

This free-standing accessory to the F1-10 clearly demonstrates the difference between the phenomena of pipe surge and water hammer and how each is created.

PIPE SURgE AND WATER HAMMER APPARATUS - C7MkII new

�Note: Accessories do not include the F1-10 Basic Hydraulics Bench.

�S16 Hydraulic Flow Demonstrator ▲��

(Covers both Fluid Dynamics and Open Channel Flow topics)

HyDRAULIC FLOW DEMONSTRATOR - S16OPEn/CLOSED CHannEL FLOW

This freestanding accessory to the F1-10 demonstrates the characteristics of flow through different arrangements of pipes and the effect of changes in pipe diameter on the flow through a particular network.

newPIPE NETWORkS ACCESSORy C11MkII

F1 continued >


lABoRAtoRY-f1

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length 1.100m

Width 77mm

depth 150mm

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FLUId MECHAnICS - f SERIES - BASIC PRINCIPlESCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

FLUId STATICS

DEMONSTRATION PELTON TURBINE - F1-25The Demonstration Pelton Turbine provides a simple low cost introduction to turbine performance.

CENTRIFUgAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS - F1-27This accessory offers similar features to those described for the F1-26, but with enhanced capabilities provided by an inverter driven variable speed pump rather than a fixed speed pump.

This calibrator functions on the same principle adopted in calibrating industrial pressure gauges.

DEAD WEIgHT PRESSURE gAUgE CALIBRATOR - F1-11

The Hydrostatic Pressure accessory has been designed to determine the static thrust exerted by a fluid on a submerged surface and allow comparison of the measured magnitude and position of this force with simple theory.

HyDROSTATIC PRESSURE - F1-12

This equipment allows a thorough investigation of the factors affecting the stability of a floating body.

METACENTRIC HEIgHT - F1-14

The introduction of a second pump to the Hydraulic Bench system allows the study of two pump performance, both in series and parallel operation.

SERIES/PARALLEL PUMPS - F1-26

6

The Pascal’s apparatus provides a simple demonstration that the pressure in an incompressible fluid varies with depth and does not depend on the shape of the container.

new

CoMPlEtE fluId MEChANICS lABoRAtoRY - f1

This apparatus provides an introduction to the behaviour of liquids under hydrostatic conditions (fluid at rest) and the application of these principles to pressure measurement using manometers.

newFLUID STATICS AND MANOMETRy - F1-29

newFLUID PROPERTIES APPARATUS - F1-30

DEMONSTRATION FRANCIS TURBINE - F1-32This demonstration turbine provides an introduction to the Francis inward flow reaction turbine.

ROTOdynAMIC MACHInES (Fluid machinery) new

This apparatus provides an introduction to the fundamental properties of liquids that affect their behaviour in practical applications.

new

PASCAL’S APPARATUS F1-31


For more details of this equipment please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/f1 or scan the QR code.

CONTENTS CONTENTS



f SERIES - BASIC PRINCIPlES - FLUId MECHAnICSCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

�Note: Accessories do not include the F1-10 Basic Hydraulics Bench.

HyDRAULIC FLOW DEMONSTRATOR - S16

The S16 operates as an accessory to the F1-10 Hydraulics Bench, offering a highly visual demonstration of flow through both open channels and closed conduits. Includes a unique elevating bed section, and models of various hydraulic structures. Covers both Fluid Dynamics and Open Channel Flow topics.


view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/s16

H41 Laser PiV compatible See page 23

MULTI-PURPOSE TEACHINg FLUME - C4MkII

The Armfield Multi-Purpose Teaching Flume has been specifically designed to demonstrate the principles of fluid mechanics when applied to engineering structures in open channel flow.

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/c4mkii

OPEn CHAnnEL FLOW (Free surface flow)

FLOW OVER WEIRS - F1-13

The Flow Over Weirs accessory consists of five basic elements, used in conjunction with the flow channel, in the moulded bench top of the Hydraulics Bench. Two weir plates of different shapes are provided allowing familiarisation and comparison with theory.

> Demonstrating the characteristics of flow over a rectangular notch

> Demonstrating the characteristics of flow over a vee notch

> Determining the coefficient of discharge

FLOW CHANNEL - F1-19

The Flow Channel introduces students to the characteristics of flow in an open channel at an elementary level.

> Demonstrating basic phenomena associated with open channel flow

> Visualisation of flow patterns over or around an immersed object

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F1-19Working Section

length 0.615m

Width 15mm

depth 150mm

C4MkII - Page10

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length 2.5/5m

Width 76mm

depth 250mm

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This equipment allows a full study of the classic experiments conducted by Professor Osborne Reynolds into laminar and turbulent flow. As a result of careful attention to the entry conditions, the student is assured of repeatable results.

Meeting commercial standards, this laboratory dead weight calibrator is for gauges in the range 0.1-300bar. Accuracy is 0.03% of reading, traceable to International Pressure Standards.

This self-contained unit, providing a long, smooth-walled pipe connected to the suction inlet of a centrifugal fan,

is used to demonstrate how to measure important characteristics of industrial air distribution systems.

It can also show how certain basic principles of fluid mechanics may be applied to

analyse flow in ducts and jets.

Data logging accessory H14/2 available. See page 23.

A wall-mounted apparatus in which particles of various size and density can be used to introduce the fundamental characteristics of the behaviour of particle/fluid systems. In particular, the relationship between the drag coefficients of falling particles and their Reynolds’ number value.

A practical instruction unit designed to demonstrate the properties of fluids and their behaviour under hydrostatic conditions.

A variety of measuring devices allows 18 experiments to be carried out to develop an understanding of a wide range of fundamental principles.

PRECISION PRESSURE gAUgE CALIBRATOR - F4

OSBORNE REyNOLDS’ APPARATUS - F5

AIR FLOW STUDIES - F6

PARTICLE DRAg COEFFICIENTS - F12

FLUID PROPERTIES AND HyDROSTATICS BENCH - F9092

An elegant method of flow visualisation, where hydrogen bubbles are used to visualise fluid mechanics phenomena so difficult to describe theoretically.

The system utilises a unique fluid drive unit to provide smooth flow in the working channel.

An optional high resolution firewire webcam can be used to link to projectors or displays for large scale presentations.

HyDROgEN BUBBLE FLOW VISUALISATION SySTEM - F14MkII

FLUId MECHAnICS - f SERIES - BASIC PRINCIPlESCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE





view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/f12

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/f4

8 To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/fluid_mechanics or scan the QR code.CONTENTS CONTENTS







http://www.armfield.co.uk/fluid_mechanics

The head loss caused by fluid friction in straight pipes and the effects of fluid velocity, pipe diameter and surface roughness can be fully investigated using this apparatus.

The complete system allows the investigation of the phenomenon associated with incompressible fluid flow in pipes.

• ArmSoft Educational software for fluid friction measurements is available • Data logging accessory available

Supplied as an accessory to the Armfield F1-10 Hydraulics Bench, the C6MKII can be used with any recently supplied F1-10. See page 5.

FLUID FRICTION MEASUREMENTS - C6MkII

C SERIES - AdvANCEd fluId MEChANICS - FLUId MECHAnICSCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

This wind tunnel has been designed to provide the fundamental air flow facilities necessary to perform basic wind tunnel experiments. Its mobility makes it uniquely suitable for both laboratory or lecture room and the performance of the tunnel and its instrumentation make it suitable for simple project work. Data logging accessory H14/2 available. See page 23.

SUBSONIC WIND TUNNEL - C2

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/c2

A versatile apparatus, based around a multi-stage air compressor, designed to teach the concepts of compressible flow. The basic unit contains all that is required to demonstrate the fundamental principles, but an accessory is also available, containing a number of interchangeable test sections to give a wider knowledge and understanding to the student.

A further accessory allows full compressor performance and characterisation tests to be carried out.

This new MkII version offers greatly improved flexibility and ease of use. It also benefits from electronic instrumentation avoiding the need for mercury manometers.

COMPRESSIBLE FLOW UNIT - C1MkII

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The Armfield C15 is a new computer-controlled subsonic bench-top wind tunnel designed for undergraduate teaching. It has a 150mm (six inch) transparent working section and offers a wide range of models for aerodynamic and air flow studies.

An extensive range of Models, Accessories & Instrumentation is available for the C15-10

COMPUTER CONTROLLED SUBSONIC WIND TUNNEL - C15

C15 accessoryWake Survey Rake - Optional

C15 modelLift and Drag Aerofoil - Optional

C15 modelDrag Models - Optional

C1-mkii-50 Data Logger and Educational SoftwareC1-mkii-30Additional Test Sections





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FLUId MECHAnICS - C SERIES - AdvANCEd fluId MEChANICSCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE



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C4MkII Working Section

length 2.5/5m

Width 76mm

depth 250mm

new


Engineers and technicians need to be aware of the basic principles of flow measurement devices and their characteristics. This item enables the accuracy, linearity and repeatability of a wide variety of flow meters to be determined.

Allows comprehensive grid measurement and photography of two dimensional laminar flow patterns in incompressible fluids. The equipment extends the classical Hele-Shaw approach by including eight sinks and sources and a dye injection system enabling flow patterns to be seen more vividly.

PIPE SURgE & WATER HAMMER APPARATUS - C7MkII

COMPREHENSIVE FLOW METER DEMONSTRATION - C9

LAMINAR FLOW TABLE - C10

A low cost laboratory flume with an experimental range and accuracy comparable with larger scale research flumes.

Students can clearly see the models under investigation through the transparent side walls. A wide selection of open channel experiments can be performed.

A set of models and gauges are provided with the flume as part of the standard supply, comprising:

• Venturi flume • Sharp and broad crested weirs • Crump weir • Adjustable undershot weir • 2 Vernier level gauges

Available in 2.5m and 5.0m working section lengths Optional educational software is available (C4-MkII-301) offering a complete teaching package of coursework

MULTI-PURPOSE TEACHINg FLUME - C4MkII

Specifically designed to produce and measure the shock waves associated with the phenomenon of water hammer. Correlation between actual and theoretical shock waves can be examined as well as the determination of the sonic velocity within the pipe.

The characteristics of a surge shaft can also be examined.

C4-65Syphon spillway (option)

C4 modelCrump weir (supplied)


www.discoverarmfield.comCONTENTS CONTENTS






C SERIES - AdvANCEd fluId MEChANICS - FLUId MECHAnICS

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/f1-14

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NA SERIES - nAVAL ARCHITECTURE

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The apparatus is designed to enable an investigation of a simple model hull form allowing many of the principal phenomena connected with ship resonant vibration to be clearly demonstrated. At a

more advanced level, the distribution of mass and second moment of area may be calculated and natural frequencies estimated/compared with measured values.

SHIPS VIBRATION APPARATUS - NA4 SHIPS STABILITy APPARATUS - NA8

Developed for the laboratory study of ship hydrostatics and stability. The complete apparatus comprises four different types of vessel models with ballast weights, clinometer and a water tank in which to float them. Righting moment is measured by a free-standing dynamometer.

Comprising a rectangular floating pontoon with a mast, provision is made to vary the centre of gravity, measure the angle of heel and vary the degree of the heel.

METACENTRIC HEIgHT F1-14

new

The rig can accommodate both rotodynamic and positive displacement pumps, and is supplied with the most common example of each type as standard (i.e. a centrifugal pump and a gear pump). A range of other pump types are available as accessories, including axial, turbine, flexible impeller, diaphragm and plunger; plus a second centrifugal pump for series/parallel demonstrations. Up to four pumps can be accommodated within the rig simultaneously for use within a single laboratory period, and each can be run without disconnecting any pipework or connections. • ArmSoft Educational software is available • Data logging accessory available

This freestanding accessory to the F1-10 demonstrates the characteristics of flow through different arrangements of pipes and the effect of changes in pipe diameter on the flow through a particular network.

MULTI-PUMP TEST RIg - C3MkII

PIPE NETWORkS ACCESSORy - C11MkII


view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/na48

To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/fluid_mechanics or scan the QR code.


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http://www.armfield.co.uk/na48




FLUId MACHInES - fM SERIES

fluId MAChINESCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL |EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

INTERFACE UNIT - IFD7 The interface between the Capture MKII units and the user’s computer is provided by the Armfield IFD7 Interface Unit. This conditions the raw data from the sensors, digitises the data and transfers it to the computer using the USB interface. It also includes a sophisticated 3 phase inverter for providing accurate motor speed control, and a second motor drive output, all under software control.

The Armfield Fm CAPTURE range is a unique range of small-scale teaching equipment, designed to give students an unparalleled insight into the principles of these machines.

with the introduction of CAPTURE, machines that were once costly, cumbersome and difficult to use became affordable, space-saving and easy to use. Now CAPTURE mKII takes the concept forward into new realms of student understanding, adding superb visibility of the working of the machines and taking full advantage of the latest software and instrumentation techniques.

All the CAPTURE units use standard PCs to display, record and manipulate the data. The world-beating Armfield educational software provides extensive facilities aimed specifically at engineering education and enhancing the learning experience. A common software format is used across all machines. Similarly the machines all use a common interface unit, thus providing a cost-effective solution for laboratories requiring several machines.

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The Fm CaPTURE range comprises:Fans & Compressors Page 13

Pumps

Turbines Page 15

To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/fluid_machines or scan the QR code.CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/fluid_machines

fM SERIES - FLUId MACHInES

fluId MAChINESCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL |EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

The centrifugal fan is a radial flow machine which produces the necessary pressure to move gas by the centrifugal force built up inside the fan casing. The design of the fan blade has a primary influence on performance.

These types of fans are usually employed for ventilating duties requiring a somewhat higher delivery pressure than that available from axial fans.

CENTRIFUgAL FAN DEMONSTRATION UNIT - FM40

The axial fan produces gas flow by virtue of the momentum changes imparted across the rotary blades, parallel to the axis of rotation. Such fans are more suitable for higher flows at lower delivery pressures than their centrifugal counterparts. Comparison of the performance characteristics of the FM41 Axial Fan with those of the FM40 Centrifugal Fan thus provides an instructional exercise of valuable practical application.

AXIAL FAN DEMONSTRATION UNIT - FM41

Multi-stage compressors are used industrially for high pressure deliveries of gas flows or suction duties.

The kinetic energy imparted to the gas by the impeller rotation is converted into pressure energy which progressively increases from stage to stage.

CENTRIFUgAL COMPRESSOR DEMONSTRATION UNIT - FM42

FANS & COMPRESSORS - FM 40 SERIES

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FLUId MACHInES - fM SERIES

PLUNgER PUMP DEMONSTRATION UNIT - FM53

PUMPS - FM 50 SERIES

The centrifugal pump is the machine most commonly used to move liquids from one place to another. As such it is a particularly instructive unit with which to introduce students to the whole subject of rotodynamic fluid machines.

Discovering the relationship between head, flow, rotational speed and power provides a framework of general applicability. For example, matching the required duty point to the conditions of maximum energy efficiency may be explored as a creative student project.

CENTRIFUgAL PUMP DEMONSTRATION UNIT - FM50

Centrifugal pumps are often used together to enhance either the flow rate or the delivery pressure beyond that available from the single pump.

The unit is designed to demonstrate the operational advantages of parallel or series operation, depending on the required duty.

SERIES AND PARALLEL PUMPS DEMONSTRATION UNIT - FM51

The plunger or ram pump is a positive displacement pump and is used for pumping small quantities of liquid at high pressures. It is similar to a piston pump except that the sealing gland is at one end of the cylinder.

The reciprocating motion of the plunger gives an uneven flow, although the inclusion of a damping vessel can reduce this effect. Priming is unnecessary.

The gear pump is the most widely used of the positive action rotary pumps. Two gear wheels operate inside a casing; one is driven whilst the other rotates in mesh with it. The liquid is carried around in the space between consecutive teeth and then ejected as the teeth mesh.

The pump has no valves. It is a positive displacement pump and will deliver against high pres-sures. The output is a more even flow than that of a reciprocating pump. It is particularly suitable for high viscosity fluids.

gEAR PUMP DEMONSTRATION UNIT - FM52

14 To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/fluid_machines or scan the QR code.




view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/fm53

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CIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL |EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

CONTENTS CONTENTS







fM SERIES - FLUId MACHInES

A bench mounted unit consisting of a clear acrylic reservoir and a variable speed centrifugal pump which provides water to power the accessory on test. The service unit also incorporates a water flow meter and electrically controlled dynamometer which puts a load on to the turbine and measures the torque and speed.

TURBINE SERVICE UNIT - FM6X

FM6X Turbine Service Unit shown with FM62 Pelton Turbine Demonstration Unit

A miniature-scale propeller turbine unit which is supplied as a floor-standing unit complete with a sump tank and recirculating pump. The turbine is housed in clear acrylic pipe work to allow excel-lent visibility. The turbine is loaded by an elec-tronically controlled brake fitted with a load cell to measure the torque.

PROPELLER TURBINE DEMONSTRATION UNIT - FM63

TURBINES - FM 60 SERIESThe Armfield Fm6 range of hydropower units consists of four small-scale representations of industrial machines, designed to demonstrate the principles of design and operation of impulse and reaction turbines in both axial and radial flow situations.

Three of the machines may be separately mounted on the common Turbine Service Unit (Fm6X) for self-contained operation, whilst the fourth - the low head propeller turbine unit Fm63 - has a specially designed service system of its own to accommodate the necessary larger water flows.

A miniature-scale axial flow, impulse turbine consisting of a brass runner which is acted on by four jets of water. The flow to the turbine can be adjusted by changing the pump speed or closing off any of the nozzles. The turbine is housed in clear acrylic to allow excellent visibility. The unit is designed to mount on the FM6X Turbine Service Unit.

AXIAL FLOW IMPULSE TURBINE - FM60

view online: www.armfield.co.uk/fm60

A miniature-scale Pelton wheel turbine, complete with a spear valve to control the water flow. The turbine buckets are shaped to extract maximum momentum from the passing jet of water, while the spear valve is designed to allow adjustment of the cross sectional area of the jet.

PELTON TURBINE - FM62



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A miniature-scale radial flow reaction turbine, where water enters through a face seal and exits tangentially through two orifices. The reaction of these jets causes rotation of the runner. The turbine is housed in clear acrylic to allow excellent visibility. The unit is designed to mount on the FM6X Service Unit.


RADIAL FLOW REACTION TURBINE - FM61

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/fm6X


CIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL |EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

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CIVIL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | PUBLIC HEALTH

16 To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/hydraulics_hydrology or scan the QR code.

hYdRAulICS & hYdRologY

S8mKii 1.55m working section - see page 20C4mKii 2.5m or 5m working section - see page 10

SPECiaL FLUmES, CHannELS, TanKS & baSinS

COmPUTER COnTROLLED RESEaRCH FLUmES S20/21/22/23 series flumes - 7.5m/10m/12.5m/15m working sections available. See page 18-19 for more details or download the data sheet from www.armfield.co.uk/flumes

HydRAULICS & HydROLOGy - S SERIES - APPlIEd hYdRAulICS & hYdRologY

CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/hydraulics_hydrology

Depending on customer requirements, channels can be designed to incorporate the following alternative features: •fixedbedorvariableslope •self-containedorlaboratorysuppliedwater •opencircuitorre-circulatingsedimentload •choiceofworkingsectionmaterials(glass,metal,wood) •inclusionofawavegeneratorandbeach •instrumentationsystemsforflow,velocity,level,etc. •sedimentsampling

F1-19 - 0.615m working section. see page 7 for other F1 accessories

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welcome to Armfield’s complete range of hydraulic & hydrology equipment, experimental models and instrumentation. Armfield has been designing and supplying open channel facilities (flumes) to hydraulic laboratories throughout the world for over 50 years.

STanDaRD FLUmES

FEATURInG> Standard Flumes > Special Flumes, Tanks and basins > ancillary Equipment - Sediment Transport Facilities | mono and Random Wave makers | instrumentation

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/flumes

S6mKii - 2.5m/5m/7.5m/10m/12.5m/15m working sections available - see page 18-19

Call our sales team to discuss your requirements. Tel: (+44) 1425 478 781

SPECiaL FLUmES, CHannELS, TanKS & baSinS

S16 - 1.1m working section - see page 20

Form follows functionUsually channels are of rectangular prismatic section. The dimensions of the working cross-section and length are the principal features which determine both the functional suitability and the cost of a channel.

Bespoke design and manufactureArmfield can design bespoke systems for your applications. As with all of our equipment, we can install, commission and offer full training and on site maintenance.

we have now introduced a new suite of computer controlled standard research flumes (S20/21/22/23). This new series of flumes are available as tilting or fixed bed and in several working lengths. See next page for details.

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HydRAULICS & HydROLOGy - S SERIES - APPlIEd hYdRAulICS & hYdRologYCIVIL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | PUBLIC HEALTH

new

glass sided tilting flumes - S6mKii

S20 flume during construction and testing.

STanDaRD FLUmES

A selection of S6MKII accessories

Lift & drag balance with models

S20 - Tilting flumeWorking Section

length 7.5m -15m

Width 600mm

depth 600mm

Standard research tilting flume - S20

gLASS SIDED TILTINg/NON-TILTINg FLUMESNEW COMPUTER CONTROLLED RESEARCH FLUMES AVAILABLE AS STANDARD - S20/21/22/23

Available in standard working section lengths of 5m, 7.5m, 10m, 12.5m, and 15m. Longer lengths are available to special order in increments of 2.5m.Cross sections are 0.6m wide x 0.6m deep for the S20/S21 and 1.0m x 1.0m for the S22 and S23.Available with tilting or non-tilting bed.

Ogee weir & manometer board

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To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/hydraulics_hydrology or scan the QR code.CONTENTS CONTENTS




S SERIES - APPlIEd hYdRAulICS & hYdRologY - HydRAULICS & HydROLOGyCIVIL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | PUBLIC HEALTH

Controls for Random Wavemaker - S6-45

Parshall Flume

Roughened Beds

Artificial Beach

WSC Flume

ModElS ANd INStRuMENtAtIoN

Data logging and instrumentation system - S6 MKII 90

A selection of S6MKII accessories

S6MkII - Tilting flumeWorking Section

length 5m -15m

Width 300mm

depth 450mm

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The laboratory flume, or flow channel, is one of the most important tools available to the hydraulics engineer whether engaged in teaching or research.

The Armfield range of standard modular, tilting flumes has been developed during 50 years of continuous production. There are nearly 400 installations in service.

Based around a working cross section of 300mm wide by 450mm deep, they are available in 2.5m modules commencing at a minimum working length of 5m.

Standard units are self contained with stainless steel bed and electronic flowmeter. Options include sediment recirculation and electrically driven jacks. A wide range of instruments and models exist to enhance the extensive demonstration capabilities in all aspects of open channel flow.

Optional PC based educational software is available to provide automatic analysis of results for each of the demonstrations.

A software controlled Random Wavemaker option (S6-45) provides a wide range of capability for demonstration and research.

Weirs Dams Spillways Syphons Beds

Flumes Beach Manometers Gauges Random Wavemaker

S6-24Dam Spillway with Weirs

S6-21Broad Crested Weirs - Rectangular streamlined weir

S6-20Plate Weirs - V-notch weir shown

S6-20Plate Weirs - Rectangular overshot weir plate shown

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many more accessories and instruments available - visit our website to find out more.

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Instrument Carrier

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SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DEMONSTRATION CHANNEL - S8MkII The ability to vary both the slope and water flow rate enables the flume to generate a full array of alluvial bed forms. The development, stability and transition of the regimes may be followed visually and by measurements.

HyDRAULIC FLOW DEMONSTRATOR - S16

A freestanding accessory to the F1-10 Hydraulic Bench that allows hydraulic phenomena, associated with the flow of water through both open channels and closed conduits, to be set up quickly, easily and visually demonstrated. Measurements taken in each configuration allow the associated flow conditions to be analysed.

An elevating section of the bed inside the channel and models of various hydraulic structures allow the difficult concepts of critical flow/velocity/depth and energy changes to be clearly demonstrated and analysed. Models supplied include the Undershot Weir, Overshot Weir, Narrow crested Weir, Broad crested Weir, Ogee Weir and Culvert. In all cases, the effects of changes in upstream and downstream water level can be investigated.

The S16 can be configured as a closed conduit - shown with the bed elevated to create a converging/diverging duct.

< S16 configured as an open channel showing the hydraulic jump downstream of an undershot weir where energy is dissipated in the change from shallow super-critical flow to deeper sub-critical flow.

Typical bedforms in sand produced with the Armfield S8 MKII


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S16 Working Section

length 1.100m

Width 77mm

depth 150mm

S8MkIIWorking Section

length 1.550m

Width 78mm

depth 110mm





To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/hydraulics_hydrology or scan the QR code.


CONTENTS CONTENTS




S SERIES - APPlIEd hYdRAulICS & hYdRologY - HydRAULICS & HydROLOGy

A versatile apparatus for teaching, project and research work, available with 2.0m or 4.0m long working section.

The tank may be used in two principal fields of study:- • Hydraulic modelling of mobile bed

situations such as water courses or civil engineering structures

• Two-dimensional flow visualisation using, for example, the Ahlborn dust indicator technique

ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL HyDROLOgy SySTEM - S12MkIIThis floor-standing unit is the only Hydrology System that includes features making it suitable for studying fluvial geomorphology. It combines the capabilities of the Rainfall Hydrographs and Ground Water Flow Unit into a single comprehensive facility. The system is fully instrumented for investigation of rainfall/run-off hydrographs, ground water abstraction studies and unique to this apparatus, fluvial mechanics.

Data logging accessory available.


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MOBILE BED AND FLOW VISUALISATION TANk - S2

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gROUND WATER FLOW UNIT - S11A bench-standing sand tank capable of demonstrating hydrological principles of ground water flow and the applications of these to certain water resource engineering constructions. Demonstrations of flood risks associated with land drainage works, the use of wells for both water abstraction and de-watering and the drainage of lakes and polders are all readily performed. The unit allows simple three-dimensional flow situations to be set up quickly and measurements of piezometric levels taken at appropriate positions within the model.

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/s11


DRAINAgE AND SEEPAgE TANk - S1This self-contained facility is designed to allow a comprehensive study of flow through permeable media. Using sand and the various two dimensional models supplied, it is possible to determine flow lines, seepage rates and the distribution of uplift pressures. A useful facility for student project work in engineering hydrology.

> Flow line visualisation > Flow net construction > Determining seepage rates > Verification of Darcy’s Law > Comparison of experimental results with analytical solutions


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hYdRAulICS & hYdRologY

RAINFALL HyDROgRAPHS - S10

A compact unit allowing the study of a variety of rainfall run off situations. A range of accessories enables the effects on the flood hydrograph of surface reservoir retention, depression, storage effects and land drainage to be demonstrated.


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To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/hydraulics_hydrology or scan the QR code.


CONTENTS CONTENTS




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HyDRAULIC INSTRUMENTSh SERIES - hYdRAulIC INStRuMENtS - HydRAULICS & HydROLOGy

VERNIER HOOk AND POINT gAUgES - H1

A range of digital and vernier hook and point gauges for the measurement of steady state water surface position.

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/h1

COMPUTER COMPATIBLE MANOMETER BANk - H14/2The Armfield H14/2 is designed to replace banks of manometers when used in conjunction with a number of Armfield products. Sixteen simultaneous pressure measurements can be displayed on a user supplied computer and the information data logged.

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/h14-2

PITOT TUBES - H30A range of pitot tubes for the measurement of water velocity in open channels and closed

ducts. Tubes are in stainless steel and mounted on a supporting body with scale. Designed to be used with the H12 range of manometers.


WAVE PROBE SySTEM - H40A simple and robust instrument for the measurement and recording of water waves in hydraulic models and ship tanks, using the principle of measuring the electrical conductivity between two parallel wires.


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PROPELLER VELOCITy METER - H33Used to measure and record very low point velocities in water and other conductive fluids. Velocity range 25 to 1500mm/sec. Or 600 to 3000mm/sec using alternative sensing probes.< Shown with h33-10

Armfield H33-10 Digital Indicator

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/h33

LASER PIV SySTEM - H41The H41 uses Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to non-intrusively measure, fluid velocities at multiple points in a flow, at a rate of up to 16Hz. The compact and portable hardware (which uses a safe, non-pulsed, Class 3B laser) and the extremely easy to use software with real time display, make this an ideal tool for undergraduate teaching and demonstration.


S8mKii & S16 compatible-See page 20

MANOMETERS & METERS - H12

A range of general purpose manometers to measure differential water pressures up to approximately 12.6m H

20. Scales are graduated in

1mm divisions. Also available are versatile, hand-held, battery-operated Portable Pressure Meters. These are capable of measuring water or air pressure ranges as below: H12-8 : 0 - 2000mBar

(0 - 1500mmHg).H12-9: 0 - 140mBar

(0 - 99.99mmHg).


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http://www.armfield.co.uk/h14-2






http://www.discoverarmfield.co.uk/search/index.php?type=product&q=H

http://www.armfield.co.uk/hydraulic_instruments

WATER TREATMEnT - W SERIES

WAtER tREAtMENtCIVIL | CHEMICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | PUBLIC HEALTH

PERMEABILITy/FLUIDISATION STUDIES APPARATUS - W3This apparatus is designed for students to measure and understand the characteristics of flow through a bed of particles. Such flows occur naturally and in process plant designs. It may also be used for a part of the testing of media for water and waste water treatment processes.

The equipment is designed to allow the well-known ‘jar tests’ to be conducted on samples of water requiring treatment. The correct dosage conditions to remove colour and turbidity may be established on a laboratory scale as a prelude to full-scale plant operation.

FLOCCULATION TEST UNIT - W1

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/w1

DEEP BED FILTER COLUMN - W5

This laboratory deep bed filter column has been designed to operate identically to full scale granular filters. Using the same bed depth and filter media, tests on this unit provide operational data which may be scaled up to full size. Pilot trials of possible filter designs for water and sewage works can be made reliably at low cost. view full details online:

www.armfield.co.uk/w5

FILTERABILITy INDEX UNIT - W4The unit enables a water treatment test to be made on a suspension to be filtered through sand or similar granular media. Whilst developed as a teaching tool, it can also be used in routine control at waterworks, or at a sewage treatment works which employs tertiary filtration.


SEDIMENTATION STUDIES APPARATUS - W2Bench-mounted and back-lit for ease of observation, the unit provides a facility for studying the basic physical processes involved in sedimentation, including zone formation and hindered settling.



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Desalination and filtrationReverse Osmosis/Ultrafiltration Unit

available, see FT18 page 47

water treatment has not always been a public utility priority. In today’s environmentally aware world it is now an essential. This range of simple yet comprehensive products covers the major elements of water treatment processes. Several of the products can be used industrially both for testing and experimentation.

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To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/water_treatment or scan the QR code above.CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/w1





http://www.armfield.co.uk/w

http://www.armfield.co.uk/water_treatment

W SERIES - WATER TREATMEnTCIVIL | CHEMICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | PUBLIC HEALTH

MODEL SEDIMENTATION TANk - W7This unit has been designed to demonstrate the hydraulic characteristics and settling efficiencies of a model settling basin. Although scale-up to industrial size sedimentation tanks is difficult, relevant deductions can be made as to how non-uniform flows occur and how these interact with the settling characteristics of particular suspensions.

ANAEROBIC DIgESTER - W8Anaerobic treatment processes involve bacteria which function only in the absence of air. This digester is designed as a bench top training facility and as a means of providing operational process data for plant design purposes.



AEROBIC DIgESTER - W11The continuous activated sludge process has been successfully employed in public health engineering installations for nearly a century.

The bench-top aerobic digester is a comprehensive study facility of this biological water treatment process using a safe, synthetically prepared waste water.


ION EXCHANgE UNIT - W9A low cost, bench-mounted unit designed to demonstrate the use of ion-exchange resins for either continuous water softening or demineralisation. The equipment is designed to emulate the industrial operation of such units, including monitoring ‘break-through’ and regeneration cycles.


AERATION UNIT - W10The purpose of this aeration unit is to permit the study of the oxygen transfer characteristics of diffused air systems and the physical and chemical parameters which influence their oxygenation capacity. These studies are a necessary prelude to the understanding of the biological treatment of waste waters.


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IRRIGATIOn WATER MAnAGEMEnT - fE SERIES

FEL - LABORATORy EqUIPMEnT

IRRIgAtIoN WAtER MANAgEMENtCIVIL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL

May be used either in the laboratory or the field. It is for use in simulated soil erosion and stabilisation studies, enabling investigation into the relationship between rainfall intensity and soil erosion, the nature of soil erosion potential on different soil types and the methods by which erosion may be prevented.

RAINFALL SIMULATOR - FEL3

Primarily for the derivation of soil moisture characteristic curves for a variety of soils. The equipment helps in understanding the principle of water retentivity in terms of soil suction and the relationship between water retentivity and soil moisture.

SOIL MOISTURE SUCTION SAND TABLE - FEL4

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/fel3


A simple but effective laboratory demonstra-tion of the infiltration processes which are fundamental to any form of irrigation study.

DEMONSTRATION INFILTRATION APPARATUS - FEL5


A free-standing, self-contained apparatus for laboratory-scale demonstrations of surface irrigation and related systems such as surface and sub-surface effects of surface water application.

SOIL/WATER MODEL TANk - FEL2

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/fel2

26 To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/irrigation_water_management or scan the QR code.

with continued population growth in those parts of the world where growing crops is most challenging, irrigation is the obvious way to maximise the potential.

This range of products offers both laboratory and field learning opportunities and introduces such diverse topics as evapotranspiration and gauging and control structures.

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http://www.armfield.co.uk/irrigation_water_management

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fE SERIES - IRRIGATIOn WATER MAnAGEMEnTCIVIL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL

Provides a simple but effective item of equipment for the measurement of evapotranspiration by the water-balance method. Suitable for student project work as well as for demonstration purposes.

DEMONSTRATION LySIMETER - FEL6


Suitable for use as a demonstration tool and for laboratory testing and research.

For the laboratory investigation of field drain filter materials, it allows students to determine relative efficiencies of filter materials and select optimum filter/soil combinations.

DRAIN PERMEAMETER - FEL10

A range of tough, durable and portable flumes and weirs for the measurement of water flow rates in open channels.

FLUMES AND gAUgINg WEIRS - FEX26

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/fex26

In irrigation networks, the regulation of water discharge, its distribution and disposal are paramount. In order to familiarise technicians with the mode of operation of a variety of control structures, Armfield has designed this range of demonstration units.

gAUgINg AND CONTROL STRUCTURES - FEX40

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/fex40

Parshall Flumes FEX26-1/2/3

WSC Flumes FEX26-4/5/6

Thin Plate Weirs & Accessories FEX26-7

Channel Section FEX26-9

Broad Crested Weir FEX26-10

Sluice Gates FEX40-3/4

Automatic Water Control Gates FEX40-5/6/7

FEX - FiEld EquipmEnt

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http://www.armfield.co.uk/fex26

http://www.armfield.co.uk/fex40



THERMOdynAMICS - th SERIES

thERModYNAMICSCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | MARInE | FOOd

The Th range is designed to introduce the fundamental principles of thermodynamics to the student. Exploring the basic concepts such as temperature and pressure measurement, then an introduction to the relationships between these fundamentals, the first and second law, the principles of reversibility, entropy, enthalpy etc.

The equipment allows the student to gain a true understanding of these difficult concepts which are so important in all aspects of engineering.

To explore the principles of temperature measurement and calibration using three different heat sources and five different temperature sensors. To demonstrate the thermometric properties of different temperature sensors and the use of fixed points for calibration.

•Educationalsoftwareisavailable •Dataloggingaccessoryavailable

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION - TH1

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/th1

)h - (h x h h fgf +=

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To explore the concepts of pressure, calibration, engineering units, errors and linearity using a Bourdon pressure gauge and pressure sensor connected to a simple dead weight pressure calibrator, but also capable of demonstrating Boyles law.


PRESSURE MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION - TH2


NOw wITh bOyLES LaW

To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/thermodynamics or scan the QR code.CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/th1

http://www.armfield.co.uk/thermodynamics


http://www.armfield.co.uk/thermodynamics

CIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | MARInE | FOOd

SATURATION PRESSURE - TH3

RECyCLE LOOPS - TH4

To demonstrate what recycle is and to allow mass and energy balances to be performed under steady state and unsteady state conditions. Includes use of the steady flow energy equation.



EXPANSION PROCESSES OF A PERFECT gAS - TH5

To investigate the behaviour of a gas under pressure and vacuum and to determine the ratio of specific heats. Includes concepts such as polytropic processes, constant volume processes and the non-flow and unsteady flow energy equations.



29

th SERIES - THERMOdynAMICS

THHT

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To investigate the behaviour of a fluid at its boiling point and how the temperature varies with pressure.

The TH3 offers all the features of a Marcet boiler and adds the capability to determine the condition of the wet steam produced by the apparatus. Saturation curves can be obtained and compared with published steam tables. Thus enhancing the understanding of the underlying thermodynamic principle


mARCET BOIlER


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HEAT TRAnSFER - ht SERIES

hEAt tRANSfERCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | MARInE | FOOd

HT32

HT31

HT33

HT36

HT34

HT37

COMPUTER CONTROLLED HEAT EXCHANgER SERVICE MODULE - HT30XC

ARMFIELD HEAT ExCHANGERS AVAILABLE FOR THE HT30xC:

Tubular Heat Exchanger - HT31 Plate Heat Exchanger - HT32 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger - HT33 Jacketed Vessel with Coil and Stirrer - HT34Extended Tubular Heat Exchanger - HT36Extended Reconfigurable Plate Heat Exchanger - HT37

The Armfield HT30XC Computer Controlled Heat Exchanger Module has played an important part in the development of computer controlled experiments over the internet described in a paper* published in the USA journal, Chemical Engineering Education and involving Cambridge (England) students use of equipment in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

This bench-top computer controlled service unit allows the operation of the Armfield range of small scale heat exchanger systems. It provides controlled cold water flow, bi-directional hot water flow and the instrumentation required to do a series of in-depth investigations into heat exchanger performance. The individual heat exchangers can be quickly changed over, to allow comparisons between different types of heat exchanger to be made. The HT30XC requires a personal computer with USB for the operator interface.

Educational software is provided for all Armfield heat exchangers. Included are drivers to allow other software applications to communicate with the HT30XC via the USB interface. Users can write their own software typically in LabView, MatLab, ‘C’, ‘C++’, Visual Basic, and Delphi, among others.

Users can thus write software to remotely control the equipment, for example, over a Local Area Network (LAN) or even over the internet. The HT30XC is ideal for this as it has been designed to shut down safely in the event of a communications failure. Once the heat exchanger has been installed and configured, the student does not need to be present with the equipment.

(*Performing Process Control Experiments Across the Atlantic by Anders Selmer, Mike Goodson, Markus Kraft, Siddhartha Sen, V. Faye McNeil, Barry S Johnston and Clark K Colton.)

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/ht30xc

REmOTE lEARNING CAPABIlITy

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To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/heat_transfer or scan the QR code.CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/ht30xc

http://www.armfield.co.uk/heat_transfer

http://www.armfield.co.uk/heat_transfer

ht SERIES - HEAT TRAnSFER

ARmFIElD REvOlUTIONISE lABORATORy TEAChING

CIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | MARInE | FOOd

The Armfield HT10XC is a computer controlled service unit, which can be used in conjunction with a range of small scale accessories for a wide range of demonstrations into the modes of heat transfer. The factors that affect heat transfer can be investigated and some of the practical problems associated with the transfer of heat can be clearly demonstrated.

The heat transfer accessories may be individually connected to the HT10XC service unit, which provides the necessary electrical supplies and measurement facilities for investigation and comparison of the different heat transfer characteristics.

COMPUTER CONTROLLED HEAT TRANSFER TEACHINg EqUIPMENT - HT10XC

MANUAL CONTROL HEAT TRANSFER ACCESSORIES:HT11: Linear Heat ConductionHT12: Radial Heat ConductionHT13: Laws of Radiant Heat Transfer and Radiant Heat ExchangeHT14: Combined Convection and RadiationHT15: Extended Surface Heat TransferHT16: Radiation Errors in Temperature MeasurementHT17: Unsteady State Heat Transfer

COMPUTER CONTROL AND REMOTE CONTROL APPLICATIONS ACCESSORIES:HT11C: Computer Controlled Linear Heat Conduction (material samples still need changing manually)HT12C: Computer Controlled Radial Heat ConductionHT14C: Computer Controlled Combined Convection and RadiationHT15: Extended Surface Heat Transfer HT16C: Computer Controlled Radiation Errors in Temperature MeasurementHT18C: Computer Controlled Thermo-Electric Heat Pump

A specific feature of the HT10XC is that it incorporates the facilities and safety features to allow the accessories to be remotely controlled from an external computer, where this is appropriate. It will shut down safely in the event of a com-munications failure. With suitable (user provided) software,

the equipment can be operated remotely, for instance over an intranet or even over the internet.

All the facilities can also be accessed locally using the front panel controls and display.

Two pieces of laboratory teaching equipment developed by Armfield in collaboration with the massachusetts Institute of Technology (mIT) could revolutionise the way undergraduate engineering students use teaching laboratories.

The HT10XC Heat Transfer Teaching Equipment and the HT30XC Heat Exchangers Service Module are computer controlled bench-top systems to teach the principles of their respective subjects. In addition to being able to be used in a conventional laboratory, users can also write software to enable them to be used over an intranet, local area network (LAN) or the internet. This means that both students and lecturers are no longer confined to the physical laboratory and that many students can share the learning experience at the same time.

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/ht10xc

REmOTE lEARNING CAPABIlITy

HT12 Radial Heat Conduction

HT17 Unsteady State Heat Transfer

HT13 Laws of Radiant Heat Transfer and Radiant Heat Exchange

HT11 Linear Heat Conduction

HT18C Thermo-Electric Heat Pump

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http://www.armfield.co.uk/ht10xc


32

REFRIGERATIOn & AIR COndITIOnInG - RA SERIES - hvAC

REfRIgERAtIoN & AIR CoNdItIoNINgCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

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typical RA2 mimic diagram

© Armfield Ltd. 2011

The new Armfield RA Series is designed to clearly demonstrate the principles behind modern refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The series includes three separate units; the RA1 vapour-Compression Refrigeration System, RA2 Air Conditioning System and RA3 Re-circulating Air Conditioning System.

The floor-standing RA3 Recirculating Air Conditioning Unit for teaching all aspects of air conditioning systems. Features adjustable recirculation of air, additional sensors, and a recirculation facility via an enclosed climate control chamber, plus all the facilities of the RA2.

RECIRCULATINg AIR CONDITIONINg UNIT - RA3


To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/refrigeration_air-conditioning or scan the QR code.

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/ra3

CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/refrigeration_air-conditioning

http://www.armfield.co.uk/refrigeration_air-conditioning

http://www.armfield.co.uk/ra3

33

RA SERIES - hvAC - REFRIGERATIOn & AIR COndITIOnInG

REfRIgERAtIoN & AIR CoNdItIoNINg

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The Vapour-Compression Refrigeration System is the most common refrigeration system used today. RA1 is a computer controlled system which enables the student to gain a thorough understanding of the refrigeration process.


typical software screenshot

VAPOUR-COMPRESSION REFRIgERATION UNIT - RA1




AIR CONDITIONINg UNIT - RA2The RA2 is a fully instrumented, bench-mounted air conditioning duct for teaching all aspects of air conditioning systems, complete with initial heating stage, humidifier, chiller/dehumidifier and final heating stage.



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InTERnAL COMBUSTIOn EnGInES - CM SERIES

INtERNAl CoMBuStIoN ENgINESMECHAnICAL | EnVIROnMEnTAL | MARInE

Armfield’s range of internal combustion engines encompasses automotive and aviation power units, each one mounted on a small test bed and providing a complete engine learning system.

Each system comes with our own advanced ArmSoft™ software which can be used to run the engine from a personal computer. The software incorporates the full range of facilities as outlined in the ArmSoft™ software section, P2-3.

typical CM14 mimic diagram

AXIAL FLOW gAS TURBINE - CM14The CM14 is a complete, aeronautical axial flow gas turbine engine with full instrumentation and sensors measuring the gas temperature and pressure at different stages within the engine, together with the thrust generated and the fuel consumption. It features simple electric starting with no requirement for compressed air.

The turbine itself can be bench-mounted and incorporates a transparent safety guard for full visibility. The small size minimises the laboratory space required. The control box can be located in an adjacent room if required.

Stand mounted version of the CM14 Axial flow gas turbine.Cover removed for clarity.

Bench-top version of the CM14 Axial flow gas turbine.

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/cm14

34 To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/internal_combustion_engines or scan the QR code.CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/cm14

http://www.armfield.co.uk/internal_combustion_engines

new

CM SERIES - InTERnAL COMBUSTIOn EnGInESMECHAnICAL | EnVIROnMEnTAL | MARInE

Bio FUEL compatiBLE

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A modern 4-cylinder Volkswagen automotive engine incorporated into an instrumented test bed with an eddy current dynamometer to produce engine performance curves and analysis.

AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL ENgINE - CM12 Bio DiESEL compatiBLE


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Eddy current dynamometer to vary engine load


A modern 3-cylinder, one-litre, water cooled Volkswagen automotive engine incorporated into a fully instrumented test bed. Equipped with an eddy current dynamometer to produce engine performance curves and analysis.

Options include gasoline and LPG operation, real time P-V diagrams and variation of engine ignition timing and fuel injection characteristics.

gASOLINE ENgINE - CM11MkII


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Typical CEZ software screenshot

> Investigation of dynamic behaviour of stirred tank reactors in series

> Influence of flow rate and step input change > Investigation of chemical reaction in a three tank system > Investigation of time constant using a dead-time coil

STIRRED TANk REACTORS IN SERIES - CEPMkII

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/cep

CHEMICAL | EnVIROnMEnTAL | FOOd | PUBLIC HEALTH

CEU utilises the sugar inversion reaction - (Sucrose → Glucose + Fructose) to study the performance of packed bed chemical and biological catalytic reactors. A colorimetric assay is used to determine the degree of conversion using an optical sensor. Assays may be automated using optional flow injection analysis.

CATALyTIC REACTORS - CEU

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/ceu

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COMPUTER CONTROLLED CHEMICAL REACTORS TRAININg EqUIPMENT - CEXC

Tubular Reactor - CETMKIIContinuous Stirred Tank Reactor - CEMMKII

This range of small-scale chemical reactors comprises five units which represent the types of reactor found in industry. Three of the reactors mount on a common bench top service unit (CEXC) whilst the other two are free-standing. PC based educational software is included along with the necessary interface device to provide computer control, automatic logging of data and analysis of results. Reactors comprise: Plug Flow, Laminar Flow, Stirred Tank, Tubular and Batch reactors.

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/cexc

CEXC service unit shown fitted with CEBMKIII transparent Batch Reactor with Plug flow and laminar flow Reactors on the left (please note the laptop not supplied).

Armfield through their CE and UOP range of products offer the most comprehensive, diverse and technically current group of products of any manufacturer, bringing both basic principles and complete unit operations to the modern educational laboratory.

newNow computer controlled as standard

Improved features 5 transparent reactor types USB connectivity

uNIt oPERAtIoNSUnIT OPERATIOnS - CE SERIES - BASIC PRoCESS PRINCIPlES

To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/ce_unit_operations or scan the QR code.CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/cep

http://www.armfield.co.uk/ceu

http://www.armfield.co.uk/ce_unit_operations

http://www.armfield.co.uk/cexc



CE SERIES - BASIC PRoCESS PRINCIPlES - UnIT OPERATIOnS

Designed to demonstrate how potentially corrosive situations may be recognised and avoided. The equipment allows for the simultaneous study of up to eight corrosion cells. Each cell allows for the immersion of three similar test specimens.

CORROSION STUDIES kIT - CEq

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/ceq

Two separate items of laboratory equipment have been designed to allow measurement of molecular diffusitives and, in doing so, to familiarise students with the basic notions of mass transfer theory. The gaseous diffusivity apparatus

involves diffusion with bulk flow, whilst the liquid diffusivity apparatus relates to equimolar counter-diffusion.a process data logger is available for the Liquid Diffusion Coefficients apparatus.

MASS TRANSFER AND DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS - CER A & B

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/cer

The upward flow of fluid through a bed of particles is encountered in nature and in many industrial processes. The unit facilitates the study of flow through fixed and fluidised beds of solid particles. Simultaneous study of air and water systems demonstrates the differences between ‘aggregative’ and ‘particulate’ fluidised bed characteristics and the important phenomenon of ‘bubbling’ can be observed. Close-up of columns shows fluidisation of a bed by air.

FIXED AND FLUIDISED BED APPARATUS - CEL

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/cel

Mixing of liquid-liquid or solid-liquid systems is subject to many variables and a complex operation to analyse. This liquid mixing apparatus has been developed to demonstrate the factors affecting mixing using visualisation and measurement techniques as appropriate.

FLUID MIXINg STUDIES - CEk

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/cek

Wetted wall columns have proved valuable in determining mass transfer coefficients, essential in calculating the design of absorption towers. They serve as a basis from which correlations have been developed for packed towers.

In this case the absorption studied is that of oxygen from air into deoxygenated water, which is produced by sparging the water with nitrogen in a deoxygenating column. This is an example of absorption which is liquid-film controlled; the liquid film mass transfer coefficient can be determined at various mass flow rates of the water.

WETTED WALL gAS ABSORPTION COLUMN - CES

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/ces

SOLIDS HANDLINg STUDIES - CENMkII

The characteristics of the flow of solid materials are relevant to many process industries, particularly in handling pellets, crystals and aggregates. The new CEN-MkII system is available as three separate items, namely:

CEN-MkII-11 Solids Handling incorporating Ball mill and V blenderCEN-MkII-12 Powder Handling incorporating angle of repose cylinder, cylindrical hopper with orifices and pneumatic conveyor with cycloneCEN-MkII-13 Variable intensity Vibratory Shaker and Sieves

CEN-mkII-12CEN-mkII-13CEN-mkII-11

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/cen

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http://www.armfield.co.uk/ceq

http://www.armfield.co.uk/cer

http://www.armfield.co.uk/cel

http://www.armfield.co.uk/cek

http://www.armfield.co.uk/ces

http://www.armfield.co.uk/cen



UnIT OPERATIOnS - uoP SERIES - hEAt & MASS tRANSfER uNIt oPERAtIoNS

38

Maximum flexibility of choice and specification results from the modular approach, which offers a wide number of configurations. The service unit is capable of housing one or two columns with rising or falling film evaporation and controlled recirculation in either position. High vacuum capability allows low temperature evaporation. Integral pressurised hot water heating or external steam supply options are available.

Full computer compatibility is provided and educational software is included detailing the equipment, evaporation theory, logging and analysis of results, questions and answers and a workbook facility.

If it is required to operate the system from an external steam supply, Armfield can provide a laboratory steam generator (UOP10) with a heat output of 30KW.Also Available: UOP10 Optional Laboratory Steam generator - order code UOP10

MODULAR EVAPORATOR SERIES UOP20X

EVAPORATIOn

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/uop20

alternative product available FT22 - see page 47

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Two laboratory-scale distillation columns allowing safe operation of a real industrial process. A continuous distillation column, which also performs batch experiments, can be controlled manually or externally by a PC. Individual loops can be controlled using an industrial PLC or a PID controller.

A batch-only version is suitable for teaching the fundamentals of distillation. Both versions in-corporate flame-proof devices and intrinsically safe circuits, feature plate and packed columns together with the display of temperatures on each of the eight sieve plates in the column.

DISTILLATION COLUMNS - UOP3CC & UOP3BM

dISTILLATIOn

PId controller screen from Armfield software.

Close-up of new column section.

new

NEW & IMPROVED UOP3

Sample & feed points at every tray Column sections available as a retrofit to existing UOP3 units

8 point sample & feed sieve plate column sections

To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/uop_unit_operations or scan the QR code

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/uop3


CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/uop20

http://www.armfield.co.uk/uop_unit_operations



uoP SERIES - hEAt & MASS tRANSfER uNIt oPERAtIoNS - UnIT OPERATIOnS

The equipment serves to introduce the fundamentals of a solid-liquid extractor system, using a sophisticated continuous feed, counter current flow, rotary extractor of the type frequently seen in industrial applications. The effects of temperature, throughput rate and multiple stages can all be investigated. Optional software is available.

SOLID-LIqUID EXTRACTION UNIT - UOP4MkII

ExTRACTIOn


This unit provides an introduction to the operation of an industrial type of liq-uid-liquid extraction system. A vertical column is used to contact two essen-tially immiscible liquids flowing counter-currently through Raschig ring packing. Either liquid can be selected to be the continuous phase. A distillation column is incorporated for solvent recovery or extracted product concentration. Leksol, a non-flammable organic solvent, can be used instead of Trichloroethylene.

LIqUID-LIqUID EXTRACTION UNIT - UOP5

ExTRACTIOn


A pilot-scale apparatus enabling fa-miliarity with the characteristics of packed tower hydrodynamics and absorption processes.

gAS ABSORPTION COLUMN - UOP7

ABSORPTIOn


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BASIC WATER COOLINg TOWER UOP6

The UOP6 Basic Water Cooling Tower has been designed to give students an appreciation of the construction, design and operational characteristics of a modern evaporative cooling system. This bench-mounted unit offers a self-contained facility for demonstrating forced draught cooling. Columns with different packing characteristics are available. These can be quickly interchanged without the need for tools.


COOLInG

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The UOP10 is an advanced boiler, providing a constant, steady supply of steam. The compact unit requires only connection to water and electrical supply for operation.

LABORATORy STEAM gENERATOR - UOP10

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/uop10AL

ASEPTIC LINECOMPONENT

The most commonly used indus-trial method of drying solids in bulk consists of passing a hot air stream over fixed trays of wet material. This small pilot-scale tray dryer uses this method and is designed for labora-tory training programmes. Operating conditions may be varied in a way that provides data demonstrating both theoretical and practical aspects of industrial drying practice.

TRAy DRyER - UOP8

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UnIT OPERATIOnS - uoP SERIES - hEAt & MASS tRANSfER uNIt oPERAtIoNS

uNIt oPERAtIoNS

Crystallisation is a valuable process in Chemical Engineering where the separation of one or more of the components from a liquid mixture is required. The Armfield UOP14 demonstrates this process in the laboratory so that students may gain a thorough understanding of this industrial technique. The UOP14 system demonstrates an industrially important type of crystallisation, namely solution cooling crystallisation.

CRySTALLISATION UNIT - UOP14


CRySTALISATIOn

AdSORPTIOnUOP15 demonstrates the adsorption of a solute, carbon dioxide, from a binary gas mixture onto the surface of a solid adsorbent, activated

carbon. The adsorption and desorption/regeneration processes take place in a fixed bed adsorption column.


FIXED BED ADSORPTION UNIT - UOP15

The Armfield filtration unit demonstrates the principles of batch filtration using a fully functional plate and frame filter system. A continuous, tangential flow microfiltration unit using a hollow fibre filtration cartridge is available as an option. Both types of filter are widely used in the commercial world.

FILTRATION UNIT - UOP12


FILTRATIOn

40 To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/uop_unit_operations or scan the QR code


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CONTENTS CONTENTS






BE SERIES - BIOCHEMICAL EnGInEERInGCIVIL | CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | GEOSCIEnCE | EnVIROnMEnTAL | AGRICULTURAL | MARInE

BIoChEMICAl ENgINEERINg

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Biochemical Engineering is a growth area, attracting worldwide interest. Although many of the techniques and operations are common with Chemical Engineering, there are some important differences.

Armfield have introduced two products, BE1 and BE2, which together with CEU, give students an introduction and understanding of important BioChemical Engineering principles.

A batch enzyme reaction system utilises the industrially important glucose isomerisation reaction (converting glucose to fructose) catalysed by glucose isomerase.

The purpose of the unit is to demonstrate batch enzyme kinetics and enzyme characteristics. The reaction takes place inside a stirred vessel where the stirrer itself is a porous basket inside which the enzyme is immobilised.

A polarimeter device, which is integral to the unit, monitors the glucose and fructose concentrations with time.

BATCH ENzyME REACTOR - BE1

5 BE1 - Typical software mimic diagram

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/be1

To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/biochemical_engineering - or scan the QR code.

Fractioncollector

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Bubble Trap

Buffer vessel

Injection port

Detergentvessel

Drain

Peristalticpump

Optical flow cell

Injection port

BE2 aims to demonstrate the principles and practices of chromatography - an important operation for both small- scale analysis and large-scale production of biologics.

BE2 has two chromatography columns of variable bed height which are fed by a peristaltic pump. An injection point allows samples to be introduced onto the column. The unit has an on-line UV sensor for measuring protein

concentration as it exits the column. BE2 is also equipped with a timer-controlled fraction collector. Size exclusion chromatography is the primary separation technique used for the demonstrations. Engineering principles, such as the effect of feed flow rate and bed height on process performance, are investigated.

CHROMATOgRAPHy UNIT - BE2

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/be2


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http://www.armfield.co.uk/biochemical_engineering

http://www.armfield.co.uk/be1

http://www.armfield.co.uk/biochemical_engineering

http://www.armfield.co.uk/be2



PROCESS COnTROL TECHnOLOGy - PCt 40 SERIES

PRoCESS CoNtRol tEChNologY

PROCESS PLANT TRAINER - PCT23MkII

INDUSTRIAl PROCESS CONTROllERS A range of process teaching equipment is available to demonstrate relevant measurement and control experiments using real engineering equipment. The Armfield range is designed on a building-block approach, which ensures that experimental set-ups can be assembled economically to meet individual course requirements.

Each practical work study system consists of a bench-top process demonstration unit and a control console that contains the power supplies and interfacing for all measurement and actuation signals. Industrial controllers are available as accessories to further develop the practical instruction courses possible.

This provides a cost-effective way of teaching a wide range of process control techniques, including temperature measurement and flow control, in a simple basic unit. More sophisticated aspects of process control can be addressed by adding optional extras to the basic system. The PCT40 is computer controlled with optional manual control available using the PCT43 console.

MULTIFUNCTION PROCESS CONTROL TEACHINg SySTEM - PCT40

PCT41

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/pct40 view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/pct43

The PCT43 is an electronic console that can be used to control the PCT40 (and PCT41 Process Vessel Accessory/PCT42 pH Sensor Accessory) instead of a computer.

ELECTRONIC CONSOLE - PCT43

This industrial PLC controller is based on the Allen Bradley SLC500 with multi-channel analog and digital Inputs/

Outputs and can be used to demonstrate single or multi-loop control. Serial communications is incorporated.

INDUSTRIAL PLC CONTROLLER - PCT19BR

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/pct19

Based on the widely used Honeywell UDC3000 Series controller, this industrial PID controller has facilities for both

voltage and current inputs and outputs, thermocouple input, alarm and relay outputs and serial communications.

INDUSTRIAL PID CONTROLLER - PCT20H

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/pct20h

This new trainer is a miniature version of an industrial plate-heat exchanger with multiple control inputs and measurement outputs. An electrical console provides measurement and control of the process plant and allows connection to external controllers or a PC. A variety of control techniques can be demonstrated, ranging from manual operation and on-off control to the latest SCADA techniques employing PC based serial communications for distributed control.

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/pct23mkii

42

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CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | MARInE | FOOd

To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/process_control_technology or scan the QR code.CONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/pct40



http://www.armfield.co.uk/pct20h

http://www.armfield.co.uk/pct23mkii

http://www.armfield.co.uk/process_control_technology


PCt 50 SERIES - PROCESS COnTROL TECHnOLOGy

ESSENtIAlS of PRoCESS CoNtRol

new

43

PCT

FT

CHEMICAL | MECHAnICAL | MARInE | FOOd

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The Essentials of Process Control (EPC) range of products takes students through the fundamentals and principles of process control, and progresses to give them a thorough grounding in the control of physical processes. Four independent process units demonstrate level, flow, temperature and pressure as the controlled variable.

The concepts of closed loop control, including on/off control, proportional control, proportional/integral and proportional/integral/derivative (PID) control can be explored and demonstrated. Some units also cover both time proportioning and analogue control of the same parameter. To demonstrate industrial control systems, two further controlling devices are available, a full function commercial PID controller with autotune, and a programmable logic controller (PLC).

LEVEL | FLOW | TEMPERATURE | PRESSURE | PID | PROgRAMMABLE LOgIC | SENSOR CONDITIONINg & CALIBRATION

typical graphical display obtained using PCt52 temperature control

Pressure Control - PCt53

temperature Control - PCt52

flow Control - PCt51

level Control - PCt50

Programmable logic Controller (with PId algorithm) - PCt55

Industrial PId Controller - PCt54

Sensor Conditioning and Calibration trainer - PCt56

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/pct50 www.discoverarmfield.com

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http://www.discoverarmfield.co.uk/data/pct50

http://www.discoverarmfield.co.uk/data/pct50



FOOd TECHnOLOGy - ft SERIES

food tEChNologYCHEMICAL | FOOd | AGRICULTURAL | PUBLIC HEALTH

FOOd PROCESSInG LInES dAIRy PROCESSInG

44

Food Technology deals with the preservation, processing and packaging of food stuffs. Armfield can provide a complete solution to your Food Technology requirements, offering not just the equipment but also advice, planning, installation, commissioning and training. We have equipped laboratories and research facilities around the globe and number some of the world’s leading food manufacturers among our customers.

dairy Processing

HTST PasteurisationFT43 FT75

HTST Pasteurisation & UHTFT74x FT84-1 FT94x FT94LT FT174xOther heat treatmentFT25

HEAT TREATMEnT

This is an example of the modern high temperature, short time (HTST) pasteurisers used in commercial food production. It utilises a three stage plate heat exchanger and provides an excellent classroom example of the ‘production line’ approach to food manufacturing, complete with the associated systems and control aspects.

LABORATORy PASTEURISER - FT75

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/ft75

MODULAR SCRAPED SURFACE HEAT EXCHANgER SySTEMS - FT25A modular range of scraped surface heat exchangers. Various configurations of heat exchangers, pin workers, heaters and chillers are available to fulfil a wide range of process requirements. See page 47 for more details.

High Performance HTST/UHT Units for Processing Liquids

The Plate Heat Exchanger FT74-30MkIII (left) and Tubular Heat Exchanger FT74-20MkIII (right) are interchangeable on a common self-contained mobile service unit. All combinations of temperature and time in the UHT region of sterilisation can be attained. The unit is ideal for both teaching and research. A data logging accessory is available to display and store process data on a PC A product flowmeter option is also available.

UHT/HTST SySTEM - FT74X

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/ft74X AL


A bench top unit duplicating the industrial HTST process on a practical scale for teaching. Holding times can be varied with throughput and temperature controlled from a separate comprehensive control console. Low viscosity food samples as small as 1 litre can be processed in batches, or continuously processed with a throughput of 20 litres/hr.

LABORATORy PASTEURISER - FT43

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/ft43

The Armfield Microwave UHT /HTST unit has been developed for the rapid heating of various types of viscous, non-viscous and even non-homogeneous products. Product temperatures up to 160°C can be reached. The product is heated in a short product tube enabling extremely rapid heating rates to be achieved. The add-on unit is designed to be used in conjunction with the FT74X or FT94X FT94LT UHT systems.

MICROWAVE UHT ADD-ON - FT84-1


To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/food_technology or scan the QR codeCONTENTS CONTENTS

http://www.armfield.co.uk/ft75

http://www.armfield.co.uk/ft74X



http://www.armfield.co.uk/food_technology

ft SERIES - FOOd TECHnOLOGy

PROCESSInG OTHER FOOdS And PROdUCTSEdIBLE OILS PROCESSInG

45

FT

new

newFT94LT is a cost effective HTST/UHT processing system, capable of throughputs of 30-100 L/H and process temperatures up to 150°, with a range of options, to tailor the product to your requirements.

Designed with flexibility in mind, the FT94LT Mini Pilot System is suitable for a wide range of applications, from fruit juices to ice cream, and pet food to pharmaceuticals.

HTST/UHT MINI PILOT SySTEM - FT94LT

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/ft94ltALASEPTIC LINECOMPONENT

The Armfield FT94X HTST/UHT Mini Pilot system extends the range of continuous operation scaled-down units offered by Armfield to 30-100 L/H. The unit combines full flexibility – plate and tubular heat exchanger options - with comprehensive instrumentation demanded of research and development equipment. Options up to 200L/H can be provided on special request.

HTST/UHT MINI PILOT SySTEM - FT94X

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/ft94xALASEPTIC LINECOMPONENT



Treats products at flow rates of 20-60 lph. Modules available for: direct/indirect heating; aseptic processing; upstream/downstream homogenization; additional chilling. Options allow multiple modules to be included in the same system, giving high process adaptability.

Options up to 200l/h can be provided on special request.

MODULAR MINIATURE-SCALE HTST/UHT PROCESS SySTEM - FT174X

view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/ft174x


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http://www.armfield.co.uk/ft94lt

http://www.armfield.co.uk/ft94x







food tEChNologY FOOd PROCESSInG LInES dAIRy PROCESSInG

dairy ProcessingBatch processingFT40 FT9 FT19

Aseptic fillingFT83

EvaporationFT22

SeparationFT18

Spray dryingFT30MkII FT80 or FT80 + FT80-60 Fluid bed cooler for full fat milk

Cheese makingFT20/20A FT20MkII FT21/21A

Fermented milks (yogurts)FT20 or FT40

Ice cream makingFT25 FT40

Cream separationFT15

Butter makingFT21/21A

PRESSURE HOMOgENISER - FT9The laboratory homogeniser uses a unique double action valve that gives a dispersion index of less than five percent. Small test samples can be prepared under different operating pressures for demonstrating the homogenisation process.


A batch sterilising unit designed primarily for in-bottle production of sterilised milk.

AUTOCLAVE - FT19


MULTI-PURPOSE PROCESSINg VESSEL - FT40


The facilities to mix, emulsify, heat, pasteurise, incubate, cool, chill and cure are all built in to this purpose designed unit. Finished products in batch sizes of 10 - 20 litres, as well as materials for further processing, may be produced in this versatile unit. It has integral process controls and a chart recorder to continuously monitor vat contents temperature. A data logging accessory to store process data to a PC is available

46

A bench-top all-glass construction unit allowing continuous observation and measurement of this rapid drying process.

SPRAy DRIER - FT30MkIII


The Armfield FT83 is the most cost-effective solution for R&D departments to produce sterile packaged samples with an excellent shelf life. As well as a working chamber with a controlled, clean environment, the unit includes the facilities to allow all the product paths to be sterilised and for the filling to be controlled in a simple manner.

STERILE FILLINg SySTEM - FT83

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/ft83 AL


A self-contained centrifugal separator, demonstrating all aspects of cream/milk separation. Instrumentation is provided to measure varying bowl speeds and throughput rates.

DISC BOWL CENTRIFUgE FT15


To view full range online please visit: www.armfield.co.uk/food_technology or scan the QR code

CHEMICAL | FOOd | AGRICULTURAL | PUBLIC HEALTH

CONTENTS CONTENTS









47

FT

STERILE FILLINg SySTEM - FT83


A stainless steel jacketed vat for the production of cheese by the traditional method. A separate electrical console provides control of paddle agitator speed, temperature and pH indication. a data logging accessory is available to display and store process data on a PC.

CHEESE VAT - FT20

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/ft2020a

A small-scale laboratory test unit allowing experimentation in the range of clarification and concentration processes. The effect of varying process parameters on membrane separation performance can be demonstrated. The unit has a clean-in-place facility. a data logging accessory is available for the storage of process data on a PC.

REVERSE OSMOSIS/ULTRAFILTRATION UNIT - FT18


MODULAR SCRAPED SURFACE HEAT EXCHANgER SySTEMS - FT25A modular range of scraped surface heat exchangers

Various configurations of heat exchangers, pin workers, heaters and chillers are available to fulfil a wide range of process requirements.

All options provide variable control of the process throughput. With controllable process speed and up to two independent controls for rotational speed, a wide range of process variations can be explored.

Typical configurations: Margarine Crystalliser Continuous Ice Cream Freezer UHT Processing Systems Combined Margarine Crystalliser & Ice Cream Freezer


A floor-standing unit using the steam-heated climbing film principle to concentrate small quantities of liquid foods either continuously or in batches. The important process parameters can be varied and monitored.a data logging accessory is available for the storage of process data on a PC.

RISINg FILM EVAPORATOR - FT22


alternative product available UOP20X - see page 38

The Armfield Tall Form Spray Drier has been specifically designed to allow small quantities of product to be processed. The functional properties of the powders produced are comparable to large- scale production drier capabilities.

The FT80 can be quickly and easily configured as a Spray Chiller (FT81) capable of handling products such as bakery shortening mixes containing high melting point fats to be converted from liquid to powder.

TALL FORM SPRAy DRyER/CHILLER FT80/81


Designed to process batches of cream into butter by the traditional method.

BUTTER CHURN - FT21

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/ft2121a

The FT20-MkII is an excellent example of a batch manufacturing process, illustrating modern industrial methods and control techniques whilst implementing a process that has been used for centuries. It can be used to explore different methods of cheese making, different recipes and their effect on sensory perceptions. It is supported by comprehensive student and teacher instruction sheets giving detailed explanations and operational instructions.

CHEESE VAT - FT20MkII

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/ft20mkii



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http://www.armfield.co.uk/ft2020a




http://www.armfield.co.uk/ft2121a

http://www.armfield.co.uk/ft20mkii





Edible Oils ProcessingPressure extractionFT2 FT28 FT14 FT110 FT111

Solvent extractionFT29 + UOP10* Lab steam generator (*optional)

RefiningFT27 FT66

FinishingFT68

HydrogenationFT67

Batch processingFT40

HomogenisationFT9 FT90/91

Soft spread processingFT25



48

PRESSURE HOMOgENISER - FT9The laboratory homogeniser uses a unique double action valve that gives a dispersion index of less than five percent. Small test samples can be prepared under different operating pressures for demonstrating the homogenisation process.

OIL EXTRACTION SCREW PRESS - FT28A small capacity continuous press suitable for extracting edible oils from a variety of oil bearing seeds.


MULTI-PURPOSE PROCESSINg VESSEL FT40The facilities to mix, emulsify, heat, pasteurise, incubate, cool, chill and cure are all built in to this purpose designed unit. Finished products in batch sizes of 10 - 20 litres, as well as materials for further processing, may be produced in this versatile unit. It has integral process controls and a chart recorder to continuously monitor vat contents temperature.

A data logging accessory to store process data to a PC is available.

BENCH-TOP RAPID EXTRACTOR - FT110The Armfield FT110 uses high pressure and a combination of both static and dynamic extraction phases to achieve a rapid extraction of the active materials with minimum degradation to the product. In the dynamic phases, the solvent is passed through the material providing a forced percolation and agitation. Requires manual solvent priming.

The Armfield FT111 uses high pressure and a combination of both static and dynamic extraction phases to achieve a rapid extraction of the active materials with minimum degradation to the product. In the dynamic phases, the solvent is passed through the material providing a forced percolation and agitation. Features automatic solvent priming.

LABORATORy-SCALE RAPID EXTRACTOR - FT111


HAMMER/BEATER MILL - FT2A hammer mill, that is safe to operate and can be easily dismantled for cleaning.

Designed for general laboratory grinding, the bench top unit is supplied with eight perforated plate screens.

PLATE AND FRAME FILTER PRESS - FT14A small plate pack conveniently mounted on a stainless steel framework, allowing clear demonstration of mode of operation. A selection of grades of filter media is supplied. view full details online:

www.armfield.co.uk/ft14



view full details online: www.armfield.co.uk/ft2



CONTENTS CONTENTS









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A floor-standing batch processing vessel capable of carrying out the important pre- and post refining stages of crude edible oils.

NEUTRALISER/WASHER/BLEACHER - FT66


This floor standing unit allows efficient gas - liquid mixing under controlled conditions for the study of ‘hardening’ of edible oils.

HyDROgENATION UNIT - FT67


DEODORISINg UNIT - FT68


A vacuum steam distillation unit, suitable for demonstrating the removal of free fatty acids from edible oils.

BATCH SOLVENT EXTRACTION & DESOLVENTISINg UNIT - FT29


A floor standing, self-contained batch process unit demonstrating a variety of solid/liquid extractions. It is particularly suitable for ‘leaching’ edible oil from oil-bearing seeds and desolventising both the extracted solids and the miscella.

MODULAR SCRAPED SURFACE HEAT EXCHANgER SySTEMS - FT25A modular range of scraped surface heat exchangers.

Various configurations of heat ex-changers, pin workers, heaters and chillers are available to fulfill a wide range of process requirements.

All options provide variable control of the process throughput. With controllable process speed and up to two independent controls for ro-tational speed, a wide range of proc-ess variations can be explored.

Typical configurations: Margarine Crystalliser Continuous Ice Cream Freezer UHT Processing Systems Combined Margarine Crystalliser & Ice Cream Freezer

FTHOMOgENISATION SUB-SySTEMS - FT90/91


The FT90 and FT91 are complete in-line homogenisation sub-systems for use with Armfield miniature scale food processing equipment. The FT90 is based on an APV 1000 homogeniser and the FT91 is based on a Niro Twin Panda. Both homogenisers have been specifically optimised for this application.



PLATE AND FRAME FILTER PRESS - FT14


CENTRIPEEL CENTRIFUgE - FT27All stainless steel basket type separator designed to save time. With an 11 litres per batch capacity and operating at up to 400G it reduces the time taken for gravity setting a liquid from several hours to a few minutes.





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A bench-top all-glass construction unit allowing continuous observation and measurement of this rapid drying process.

SPRAy DRyER - FT30MkIII

A range of materials from fine powders to food particulates can be used on this versatile laboratory scale unit.

FLUIDISED BED DRIER FT31


A steam-heated, nip fed twin cylinder roller dryer.

> simple drying of a material to give moisture content and the drying time (or residence time) required

> determination of drying curves to assess the feasibility of fluidised bed drying of a material on an industrial scale. Drying curves are relevant to the mechanism of drying - they may be used as a basis for heat and mass balance, thermal efficiency of drying and drier design

> calculation of heat transfer coefficients for different conditions - important in dryer design and comparison of fluidised beds with other drying methods

DRUM DRyER - FT32


A bench-top unit allowing lyophilisation of heat sensitive materials. Fully self- con-tained including vacuum pump.

VACUUM FREEzE DRyER - FT33


The Armfield Tall Form Spray Dryer has been specifically designed to allow small quantities of product to be processed. The functional properties of the powders produced are comparable to large scale production drier capabilities.

The FT80 can be quickly and easily configured as a spray chiller (FT81) capable of handling products such as bakery shortening mixes containing high melting point fats to be converted from liquid to powder.

TALL FORM SPRAy DRyER/CHILLER FT80/81

Processing other foods/productsdrying - (dehydration)FT30MkIII FT31 FT32 FT33 FT80/81 (also has chilling capability)

FreezingFT34MkII FT36

ChillingFT63 or FT64 FT80/81 (also has drying capability)

ExtractionFT110 FT111





CONTENTS CONTENTS








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A scaled-down insulated freezer cabinet combining two industrial processes for demonstration. Independent control of the temperature and air flow on both tray and fluid bed sections allows a variety of conditions to be demonstrated. A data logging accessory to store process data to a PC is available.

BLAST AND FLUID BED FREEzER - FT36


FT

LABORATORy-SCALE RAPID EXTRACTOR - FT111The Armfield FT111 uses high pressure and a combination of both static and dynamic extraction phases to achieve a rapid extraction of the active materials with minimum degradation to the product. In the dynamic phases, the solvent is passed through the material providing a forced percolation and agitation. Features automatic solvent priming.

BENCH-TOP RAPID EXTRACTOR - FT110The Armfield FT110 uses high pressure and a combination of both static and dynamic extraction phases to achieve a rapid extraction of the active materials with minimum degradation to the product. In the dynamic phases, the solvent is passed through the material providing a forced percolation and agitation. Requires manual solvent priming.

The FT34-MkII Contact Plate Freezer allows previously prepared and packed products to be quick frozen using an industrial freezing process. Ideal for project work, it illustrates the improvements in taste and texture which are obtained by a process achieving fast freezing times compared with the slower domestic freezer process times.

CONTACT PLATE FREEzER - FT34MkII


LABORATORy PROCESS CHILLER - FT63The FT63 is a recirculating process chiller, providing a continuous supply of chilled liquid to serve as the cooling fluid when used with an Armfield miniature scale processing unit. The FT63 is particularly suitable for use with an Armfield FT74 UHT system.

Features > Low refrigerant charge > Low running costs > Easily cleaned and maintained







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Processing other foods/products - continuedFT111MixingFT141 FT142 (UHT capability. Suitable for Aseptic Line)

BlendingFT5

Carbonation/Filling/CappingFT102x FT104x - Extends filling & capping capacity of

FT102x. Permits different container types to be filled.

Flavour/fragrance enhancingFT18 FT22

Preserve making - Jams/MarmaladesFT40 • FT104X adds an extra filling position to the FT102X, enabling a faster throughput

• One standard filling head included. Additional filling heads are available for cans or wider opening bottles.

• As the FT104X is independent from the FT102X filling system it is possible to use different filling parameters, different containers and/or different capping mechanisms if required

• FT104X has its own control screen, making it easy to use, preventing any operator confusion regarding which head is being used.

• FT104X uses standard FT102X accessories.

• FT104X can also be used as a stand alone counter pressure filler for filling from pressurised vessels

• Simple connection to FT102X and the FT102X can still be used stand alone

The Armfield FT102X miniature-scale carbonator enables precise

and flexible carbonation and filling in the laboratory,

dramatically improving the speed with which new products

can be developed.

The FT104X is a counter pressure

filling station, which can be used as

an add-on filling station for the

FT102X.

CARBONATOR/FILLER - FT102X/104X

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/ft102x

A bench-top stainless steel ribbon blender with cone blender attachment. Variable speed drive.

RIBBON AND CONE BLENDER - FT5


A small scale laboratory test unit allowing experimentation in the range of clarification and concentration processes. The effect of varying process parameters on membrane separation performance can be demonstrated. The unit has a clean-in-place facility.

A data logging accessory to store process data to a PC is available.

REVERSE OSMOSIS/ ULTRAFILTRATION UNIT - FT18




CONTENTS CONTENTS






53

FT


The facilities to mix, emulsify, heat, pasteurise, incubate, cool, chill and cure are all built in to this purpose designed unit. Finished products

in batch sizes of 10 - 20 litres as well as materials for further processing may be produced in this versatile unit. It has integral process controls and a chart recorder to continuously monitor vat

contents temperature.

A data logging accessory to store process data to

a PC is available.

MULTI-PURPOSE PROCESSINg VESSEL FT40

MULTIFUNCTION LABORATORy MIXERS FT141/142 The FT141 & FT142 offer flexible solutions to batch processing in

the food laboratory. Requiring only small quantities of product, the systems provide results representative of large-scale industrial processes.

Ideal for R&D, the systems are suitable for high shear mixing, dispersing, homogenising, emulsifying, evaporation and vacuum de-aerating. The FT141 is capable of processing at 95% vacuum and up to 100°C, with the FT142 extending performace into UHT processing at up to 140°C and 3 bar pressure.



RISINg FILM EVAPORATOR - FT22

A floor-standing unit using the steam-heated, climbing film principle to concentrate small quantities of liquid foods either continuously or in batches. The important process parameters can be varied and monitored.a data logging accessory is available for the storage of process data on a PC.

RIBBON AND CONE BLENDER - FT5




alternative product available UOP20X - see page 38

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STERILE FILLER FT83



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Aseptic processing linesHTST/UHT system optionsFT74x FT174x - direct steam injection capability FT94x FT94LT FT25BBB FT142

Homogeniser optionsFT90 or FT91

Mixing tanksVarious sizes available

Sterile filling stationFT83

Chiller optionsFT63 or FT64

Steam generatorUOP10 - See page 39

There are several combinations of an aseptic line, but a typical one would include: •FT74X,FT174X,FT94XorFT94LTseries

of hTST/UhT systems for system sterilization and heat treatment of product

•FT90orFT91Homogeniser

•FT63orFT64LaboratoryChiller for enhanced product cooling

•FT83SterileFillingSystem

•UOP10SteamGenerator for steam injection and CIP

•

Steam generator HTST/UHT system In-line homogeniser



CONTENTS CONTENTS


HTST/UHT SySTEM FT74X

IN-LINE HOMOgENISER FT91


55

Integrated aseptic processing for the R&D laboratory

A complete system allowing you to fill an aseptic product into aseptic packaging in an aseptic environment.

bEnEFiTS• Easy to install and use• Fills sterile samples• No post pack sterilisation needed• minimum product loss• Full control over process

FEaTURES • Replicates manufacturing process• Processes very small quantities (10-100/hr)• Continuous or batch operation• Allows samples to be stored for long term analysis• Capable of a wide range of processing conditions• All parameters can be monitored and logged

•

FT

Laboratory chiller Sterile filler


The AL Aseptic Line Component logo identifies equipment that can form part of an aseptic food processing line.


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IndEx

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coDE pRoDUct URL paGE

FLUId MECHAnICS > BASIC PRInCIPLES > F SERIES f1 Complete fluid Mechanics laboratory - hydraulics Bench & Accessories www.armfield.co.uk/f1 4-7

f4 Precision Pressure gauge Calibrator www.armfield.co.uk/f4 8

f5 osborne Reynolds’ Apparatus www.armfield.co.uk/f5 8

f6 Air flow Studies www.armfield.co.uk/f6 8

f9092 fluid Properties & hydrostatics Bench www.armfield.co.uk/f9092 8

f12 Particle drag Coefficients www.armfield.co.uk/f12 8

f14MKII hydrogen Bubble flow visualisation System www.armfield.co.uk/f14 8

C1MKII Compressible flow unit www.armfield.co.uk/c1mkii 9

C2 Subsonic Wind tunnel www.armfield.co.uk/c2 9

C3MKII Multi-Pump test Rig www.armfield.co.uk/c3mkii 11

C4MKII Multi-Purpose teaching flume www.armfield.co.uk/c4mkii 10

C6MKII fluid friction Measurements www.armfield.co.uk/c6 9

C7MkII Pipe Surge & Water hammer Apparatus www.armfield.co.uk/c7 10

C9 flow Meter demonstration unit www.armfield.co.uk/c9 10

C10 laminar flow table www.armfield.co.uk/c10 10

C11MkII Pipe Network Accessory www.armfield.co.uk/c11 11

C15 Computer Controlled Wind tunnel www.armfield.co.uk/c15 9

f1-14 Metacentric height Apparatus www.armfield.co.uk/f1_14 11

NA4 Ships vibration Apparatus www.armfield.co.uk/na48 11

NA8 Ships Stability Apparatus www.armfield.co.uk/na48 11

FLUId MECHAnICS > AdVAnCEd FLUId MECHAnICS > C SERIES

FLUId MECHAnICS > nAVAL ARCHITECTURE > nA SERIES

F

C

nA

FLUId MACHInES > CAPTURE MKII FLUId MACHInES > FM SERIES Ifd7 Interface unit www.armfield.co.uk/ifd7 12

fM40 Centrifugal fan demonstration unit www.armfield.co.uk/fm40 13

fM41 Axial fan demonstration unit www.armfield.co.uk/fm41 13

fM42 Centrifugal Compressor demonstration unit www.armfield.co.uk/fm42 13

fM50 Centrifugal Pump demonstration unit www.armfield.co.uk/fm50 14

fM51 Series/Parallel Pumps demonstration unit www.armfield.co.uk/fm51 14

fM52 gear Pump demonstration unit www.armfield.co.uk/fm52 14

fM53 Plunger Pump demonstration unit www.armfield.co.uk/fm53 14

fM6X turbine Service unit www.armfield.co.uk/fm6x 15

fM60 Axial flow Impulse turbine www.armfield.co.uk/fm60 15

fM61 Radial flow Reaction turbine www.armfield.co.uk/fm61 15

fM62 Pelton turbine www.armfield.co.uk/fm62 15

fM63 Propeller turbine demonstration unit www.armfield.co.uk/fm63 15

fM64 Pump test Accessory www.armfield.co.uk/fm64 15

FM

ARMSoft Armfield Educational data logging Software www.armfield.co.uk/armsoft 2-3SOFTWARE - ArmSoft



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h1 vernier hook & Point gauges www.armfield.co.uk/h1 23

h12 Manometers & Meters www.armfield.co.uk/h12 23

h14/2 Computer Compatible Manometer Bank www.armfield.co.uk/h14-2 23

h30 Pitot tubes www.armfield.co.uk/h30 23

h33 Propeller velocity flowmeter www.armfield.co.uk/h33 23

h40 Wave Probe Systems www.armfield.co.uk/h40 23

h41 laser PIv System www.armfield.co.uk/h41 23

HydRAULICS & HydROLOGy > APPLIEd HydRAULICS & HydROLOGy > S SERIES

h12-8 Electronic Pressure Meters www.armfield.co.uk/h12-8 23

S6MKII Standard flumes - glass Sided tilting flume www.armfield.co.uk/flumes 18-19

S1 drainage and Seepage tank www.armfield.co.uk/s1 22

S2 Mobile Bed & flow visualisation table www.armfield.co.uk/s2 20

S8MKII Sediment transport demonstration Channel www.armfield.co.uk/s8 20

S16 hydraulic flow demonstrator www.armfield.co.uk/s16 20

S10 Rainfall hydrographs www.armfield.co.uk/s10 22

S11 ground Water flow unit www.armfield.co.uk/s11 22

S12MKII Advanced Environmental hydrology System www.armfield.co.uk/s12 21

S20/1/2/3 Standard Research flumes www.armfield.co.uk/flumes 18

flumes Standard and Special laboratory flumes, Channels, tanks & Basins www.armfield.co.uk/flumes 16-17

HydRAULICS & HydROLOGy > APPLIEd HydRAULICS & HydROLOGy > S SERIESS

H

W1 flocculation test unit www.armfield.co.uk/w1 24

W2 Sedimentation Studies Apparatus www.armfield.co.uk/w2 24

W3 Permeability/fluidisation Studies Apparatus www.armfield.co.uk/w3 24

W4 filterability Index unit www.armfield.co.uk/w4 24

W5 deep Bed filter Column www.armfield.co.uk/w5 24

W7 Model Sedimentation tank www.armfield.co.uk/w7 25

W8 Anaerobic digester www.armfield.co.uk/w8 25

W9 Ion Exchange unit www.armfield.co.uk/w9 25

W10 Aeration unit www.armfield.co.uk/w10 25

WATER TREATMEnT > W SERIESW

fEl2 Soil/Water Model tank www.armfield.co.uk/fel2 26

fEl3 Rainfall Simulator www.armfield.co.uk/fel3 26

fEl4 Soil Moisture Suction Sand table www.armfield.co.uk/fel4 26

fEl5 demonstration Infiltration Apparatus www.armfield.co.uk/fel5 26

fEl6 demonstration lysimeter www.armfield.co.uk/fel6 27

IRRIGATIOn WATER MAnAGEMEnT > LABORATORy EqUIPMEnT > FE SERIES

IRRIGATIOn WATER MAnAGEMEnT > FIELd EqUIPMEnT > FE SERIES

fEl10 drain Permeameter www.armfield.co.uk/fel10 27

fEX26 flumes and gauging Weirs www.armfield.co.uk/fex26 27

fEX40 gauging and Control Structures www.armfield.co.uk/fex40 27

FE

W11 Aerobic digester www.armfield.co.uk/w11 25


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/UOP

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ht30XC Computer Controlled heat Exchanger Service Module and Accessories www.armfield.co.uk/ht30xc 30

ht10XC Computer Controlled heat transfer teaching Equipment www.armfield.co.uk/ht10xc 31

HEAT TRAnSFER> HT SERIES HT

th1 temperature Measurement and Calibration www.armfield.co.uk/th1 28

th2 Pressure Measurement and Calibration www.armfield.co.uk/th2 28

th3 Saturation Pressure www.armfield.co.uk/th3 29

th4 Recycle loops www.armfield.co.uk/th4 29

th5 Expansion Processes of a Perfect gas www.armfield.co.uk/th5 29

THERMOdynAMICS > TH SERIES TH

RA1 vapour-Compression Refrigeration unit www.armfield.co.uk/ra1 33REFRIGERATIOn & AIR COndITIOnInG > RA SERIES - HVAC

RA2 Air Conditioning unit www.armfield.co.uk/ra2 33

RA3 Recirculating Air Conditioning unit www.armfield.co.uk/ra3 32

RA

CM14 Axial flow gas turbine www.armfield.co.uk/cm14 34

CM11MKII gasoline Engine www.armfield.co.uk/cm11 35

CM12 Automotive diesel Engine www.armfield.co.uk/cm12 35

InTERnAL COMBUSTIOn EnGInES > CM SERIES CM

BE1 Batch Enzyme Reactor www.armfield.co.uk/be1 41BIOCHEMICAL EnGInEERInG > BE SERIES

BE2 Chromatography unit www.armfield.co.uk/be2 41BE


CEK fluid Mixing Studies www.armfield.co.uk/cek 37

CEl fixed and fluidised Bed Apparatus www.armfield.co.uk/cel 37

CENMKII Solids handling Studies www.armfield.co.uk/cen 37

CEQ Corrosion Studies Kit www.armfield.co.uk/ceq 37

CES Wetted Wall gas Absorption Column www.armfield.co.uk/ces 37

CER A/B Mass transfer and diffusion Coefficients www.armfield.co.uk/cer 37

uoP3 distillation Columns www.armfield.co.uk/uop3 38

uoP4MKII Solid-liquid Extraction unit www.armfield.co.uk/uop4 39

uoP5 liquid-liquid Extraction unit www.armfield.co.uk/uop5 39

uoP6 Basic Water Cooling tower www.armfield.co.uk/uop6 39

uoP7 gas Absorption Column www.armfield.co.uk/uop7 39

uoP8 tray dryer www.armfield.co.uk/uop8 39

uoP10 laboratory Steam generator www.armfield.co.uk/uop10 39

uoP12 filtration unit www.armfield.co.uk/uop12 40

uoP14 Crystallisation unit www.armfield.co.uk/uop14 40

uoP15 fixed Bed Adsorption unit www.armfield.co.uk/uop15 40

uoP20X Modular Evaporator Series www.armfield.co.uk/uop20 38

UnIT OPERATIOnS > BASIC PROCESS PRInCIPLES > CE SERIES

UnIT OPERATIOnS > HEAT & MASS TRAnSFER OPERATIOnS > UOP SERIES

CE

UOP

CEu Catalytic Reactors www.armfield.co.uk/ceu 36

CEXC Chemical Reactors teaching Equipment www.armfield.co.uk/cexc 36

CEPMKII Stirred tank Reactors In Series www.armfield.co.uk/cep 36

Reac

tors



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INDE

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PCt50 Essentials of Process Control www.armfield.co.uk/pct50 43

PCt40 Multifunction Process Control teaching System www.armfield.co.uk/pct40 42

PCt23MKII Process Plant trainer www.armfield.co.uk/pct23mkii 42

PCt43 Electronic Console www.armfield.co.uk/pct43 42

PCt19BR Industrial PlC unit www.armfield.co.uk/pct19 42

PCt20h Industrial PId Controller www.armfield.co.uk/pct20h 42

PROCESS COnTROL TECHnOLOGy >PCT SERIES PCT


ft2 hammer/Beater Mill www.armfield.co.uk/ft2 48

ft5 Ribbon and Cone Blender www.armfield.co.uk/ft5 52

ft9 Pressure homogeniser www.armfield.co.uk/ft9 46/48-49

ft14 Plate and frame filter Press www.armfield.co.uk/ft14 48

ft15 disc Bowl Centrifuge www.armfield.co.uk/ft15 46

ft18 Reverse osmosis/ultrafiltration unit www.armfield.co.uk/ft18 47/52

ft19 Autoclave www.armfield.co.uk/ft19 46

ft20/20A Cheese vat & Cheese Making Accessories www.armfield.co.uk/ft2020a 47

ft20MKII Cheese vat www.armfield.co.uk/ft20 47

ft21/21A Butter Churn & Butter Making Accessories www.armfield.co.uk/ft2121a 47

ft22 Rising film Evaporator www.armfield.co.uk/ft22 47/53

ft25 Modular Scraped Surface heat Exchanger Systems www.armfield.co.uk/ft25 44/47/49

ft27 CentriPeel Centrifuge www.armfield.co.uk/ft27 49

ft28 oil Extraction Screw Press www.armfield.co.uk/ft28 48

ft29 Batch Solvent Extraction & desolventising unit www.armfield.co.uk/ft29 49

ft30MKIII Spray dryer www.armfield.co.uk/ft30 46/50

ft31 laboratory fluidised Bed dryer www.armfield.co.uk/ft31 50

ft32 drum dryer www.armfield.co.uk/ft32 50

ft33 vacuum freeze drier www.armfield.co.uk/ft33 50

ft34MKII Contact Plate freezer www.armfield.co.uk/ft34 51

ft36 Blast and fluid Bed freezer www.armfield.co.uk/ft36 51

ft40 Multi-Purpose Processing vessel www.armfield.co.uk/ft40 46/48/53

ft43 laboratory Pasteuriser www.armfield.co.uk/ft43 44

ft63 laboratory Process Chiller www.armfield.co.uk/ft63 51

ft66 Neutraliser/Washer/Bleacher www.armfield.co.uk/ft66 49

ft67 hydrogenation unit www.armfield.co.uk/ft67 49

ft68 deodorising unit www.armfield.co.uk/ft68 49

ft74X htSt/uht System www.armfield.co.uk/ft74 44

ft174X Modular Miniature-Scale htSt/uht Process System www.armfield.co.uk/ft174x 45

ft75 laboratory Pasteuriser www.armfield.co.uk/ft75 44

ft80/81 tall form Spray dryer/Chiller www.armfield.co.uk/ft80 47/50

ft83 Sterile filling System www.armfield.co.uk/ft83 46

ft84-1 Microwave uht Add-on www.armfield.co.uk/ft84 44

ft94X htSt/uht Mini Pilot System www.armfield.co.uk/ft94x 45

ft110 Benchtop Rapid Extractor www.armfield.co.uk/ft110 48/51

FOOd TECHnOLOGy > FT SERIES

ft102X Carbonator/filler www.armfield.co.uk/ft102x 52

ft104X Counter Pressure filling Station – Add-on filler/Capper www.armfield.co.uk/ft104x 52

ft141/142 Multifunction laboratory Mixers www.armfield.co.uk/ft141 53

ft111 laboratory Scale Rapid Extractor www.armfield.co.uk/ft111 48/51

ft90/91 homogenisation Sub-Systems www.armfield.co.uk/ft90 49

FT

ft94lt htSt/uht Mini Pilot System www.armfield.co.uk/ft94lt 45


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