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INSTRUMENTATION FORAPPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

CATALOG VOLUME 12 NUMBER 1

INSIDENEW PRODUCTS FOR2010–2011

RESEARCH BRIEFSCURRENT SOIL,PLANT, AND WATERRESEARCH FROMAROUND THE WORLD

DECAGONEDUCATIONALINITIATIVES ANDRESEARCH GRANTS

DDECAGONDEVICES

www.decagondevices.com

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X Instrumenting canopy soil over 19m off the ground.

For more information about the G.A. Harris Fellowship, visitdecagon.com and choose “G.A.Harris Fellowship” on the “AboutUs” page (decagon.com/about-us/ga-harris-fellowship).2

G. A. Harris Fellowship

Camila Tejo Haristoy is one of six

2010 winners of the G.A. Harris

Fellowship. The fellowship provides

$30,000 worth of instruments to

graduate students in environmental

and geotechnical fields. This year’s

competition focused on innovative

soil and plant monitoring. Haristoy is

studying canopy soil in Pacific

Northwest Sitka Spruce.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Leaf Wetness Sensor—Quantifies the amount of fogavailable for use by the living

fossil WelwitschiaMirabilis.

Page 9

Research Briefs

Sample Disturbance —Aproblem when measuring

water potential?Page 29

Case Study: ComplexHydrology—Can it be

hassle free?Page 20 & 21

CANOPYLeaf Porometer

LP-80

Leaf Wetness Sensor

SOIL MOISTUREComplete Soil Moisture Analysis

Software and Data Collection

Soil Moisture Sensors

EM50 SERIES LOGGERSEm50 Loggers

Em50G Remote Logger

Em50R Radio Logger

Multi-site Accessories

Watershed Characterization

Irrigation Monitoring

WATER POTENTIALWP4C

Tensiometers

Hyprop

AquaSorp IG

MPS1

HYDROLOGYInfiltrometer

Monitor Solute Movement

Drain Gauge G2-G3

Pore Water Samplers

THERMALKD2Pro

Essential Soil References

Distributors

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GET HIGH QUALITY DATAWITHOUT FANS, TUBES,OR PUMPS.

Leaf Porometer SpecificationsConductance range0 to 1000 mmol m-2 s-1

Accuracy ± 10%Operating Environment5 to 40ºC, 10 to 90% RH, non-condensingUnits mmol m-2s-1, m2s mol-1, s/mMeasurement diameter 6.3 mmSensor head cable length 1.2 m (4 ft.)Measurement time in Auto mode 30 s

See the extended specifications for theleaf porometer at www.decagon.com

BREAKTHROUGH steady state technology(see details at right) makes accuratestomatal conductance measurements

affordable and practical for everydayresearch. Detail water use, indicate waterstress and compare physiological varieties.Add stomatal conductance data to anycanopy study with this elegantly designedLeaf Porometer.

Applications� Water Stress Measurements� Variety Testing & Comparison� Fundamental Research on Stomatal Function� Teaching and Student Labs

Benefits� Automatic sampling mode eliminates user subjectivity.� Accurate Steady-State measurement.� No tubes, pumps, or fans.

Porometer Research for Everyone

Watch a 3 minute video introducingthe Porometer atwww.decagon.com/education/video-index/

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ecagon’s Steady Stateporometer measures stomatal

conductance using a sensorhead with a fixed diffusion path to

the leaf. It measures the vapor concentrationat two different locations in the diffusionpath. It computes vapor flux from the vaporconcentration measurements and the known

conductance of the diffusion path usingthe following equation:

Where CvL is the vapor concentration atthe leaf, Cv1 and Cv2 are theconcentrations at the two sensorlocations, Rs is the stomatal resistance,Rv1 is the resistance between the leaf andthe first sensor, and R2 is the resistancebetween the two sensors. If thetemperatures of the two sensors are thesame, vapor concentration can bereplaced with relative humidity, giving

Conductance is the reciprocal ofresistance, so Cvs = 1/Rvs. ��

MATHEMATICS OF THE STEADY STATE POROMETERC

AN

OP

Y

Schematic illustrating how theporometer measures stomatalconductance.

CVL LeafRVS

R1

R2

CV2

CV1

HumiditySensors

5

1

=

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PhotosyntheticallyActive Radiation &Leaf Area Index

USE PAR DATA to estimate biomassproduction without destroying thecrop (see details at right). Measure

photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)and get leaf area index (LAI) valuessimultaneously in real time. Storeapproximately 9000 data points manually bypressing a button or automatically inunattended sampling mode.

AccuPAR LP-80 SPECIFICATIONSOperating environment0° to 50°C (32°-122°F),0 to 100% relative humidityProbe length 86.5 cmNumber of sensors 80Overall length 102 cm (40.25 in)Microcontroller dimensions15.8 x 9.5 x 3.3 cm (6.2 x 3.75 x 1.3 in)PAR range 0 to >2,500 µmol m-2s-1

Resolution 1 µmol m-2s-1

Minimum spatial resolution 1 cmData storage capacity 1MB RAM, 9000 readingsUnattended logging intervalUser selectable, between 1 and 60 minutesInstrument weight 1.22 kg (2.7 lbs)Data retrieval Direct via RS-232 cablePower 4, AA Alkaline cellsExternal PAR sensor connectorLocking 3-pin circular connector (2 m cable)Extension cable option 7.6 m (25 ft)

INCLUDED ACCESSORIES

� EXTERNAL PAR SENSOR2 meter cable with connector for direct connection to the ceptometer ’sexternal port. Calibrated to provide an output of about0.1 mV per µmol m-2 s-1 (calibration label provided).

� RS-232 CABLE— for interfacing between your computerand the AccuPAR.

� CARRYING CASEPolyethylene hardened case with custom foam cutouts allow the instrumentand its accessories to be safely stored inside.3.6 kg, 11.8 x 24 x 109 cm.

MEASURE BOTH PAR ANDLAI WITH ONE LIGHTWEIGHT,STREAMLINED WAND

Canopy Measurements PAR / LAI

Watch a 5 minute video onmeasuring PAR and LAI with theAccuPAR LP-80 atwww.decagon.com/education/video-index/

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he detailed processes in photosynthesis arecomplicated and hard to model. In many

cases, however, it’s possible to simplify themodel by focusing on one or more of the

limitations to assimilation.

Limited by Light, Limited by Water: TwoSeparate ApproachesWe could postulate situations where light wouldbe the limiting factor in assimilation, and otherswhere water would be the limiting factor. Ourmodels, in words, might be: assimilation isproportional to the plant’s ability to capture light,or assimilation is proportional to the plant’s abilityto capture water. Both approaches can be useful inmodeling biomass production.

Knowing Which Model to UseThe most efficient way to determine whether lightor water is the limiting factor is to simply run bothmathematical models daily to see which onepredicts the lowest value. That value is the bestpredictor of dry matter production for theparticular day on which it is run. The 2009Decagon Canopy News feature article, SimpleModels for Carbon Assimilation by Plants,describes the math involved and climatic dataneeded to run these two alternative predictors ofdry matter accumulation and shows how to usethem together to give the most accurate result. ��

NONDESTRUCTIVE BIOMASS PREDICTIONC

AN

OP

Y

T

7

To learn more aboutthe relationship

between lightinterception and

biomass production,visit

www.decagon.com/canopynews2009

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Applications� Disease forecasting and modeling� Ecological and Agricultural Research

Leaf Wetness Sensor SpecificationsMeasurement time 10 msPower 2.5 VDC @ 10 mA to 5 VDC @ 7 mAOutput 250 to 1500 mVOperating Environment -20 to 60°CExpected Lifetime

2+ years continuous useProbe Dimensions

11.2 x 5.8 x 0.075 cm (4.4 x 2.3 x 0.029 in)Cable Length

5 m standard, extension cables availableConnector type 3.5 mm plugDatalogger Compatibility (not exclusive)

Decagon Em50, Em50R, Em50GCampbell Scientific CR10, 10X, 21X, 23X, 1000, 3000, 5000

MANY DISEASES affect plants onlywhen moisture is present onthe leaf surface. The Dielectric

Leaf Wetness Sensor determines thepresence and duration of wetness on aleaf’s surface, enabling researchers andgrowers to forecast disease and protectplant canopies. The Leaf Wetness Sensorapproximates the thermal mass andradiative properties of leaves to closelymimic the wetness state of a real leaf.Because the sensor does not take resistance-based measurements, it requires nopainting or user calibration, and it candetect ice formation as well.

DETECT LEAF WETNESSDURATION WITH ASENSITIVE, CALIBRATED,STANDARDIZED SENSOR

Ready-to-Use Leaf Wetness Sensor

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recipitation is usually assumed to be the primaryinput in a water balance. The Namib desert is

hyper-arid in terms of rainfall, but experiencesfrequent coastal fog events, an environment thatfalls outside the realm of standard water balance

model assumptions. The fog has beensuggested to provide sufficient water tomany of the endemic Namib plants up toapproximately 60 kilometers inland.Quantifying fog contributions to the waterbalance is difficult.

Leaf Wetness Sensor Quantifies FogKier Soderberg, a PhD candidate at theUniversity of Virginia, coupled the leaf

wetness sensor with other environmentalparameters to help quantify the amount of fog that

the Namib plants such as Welwitschiamirabilis are able to utilize.

Measure Other Unusual VariablesDo you have variables in your waterbalance that you are struggling toquantify? Innovative research sometimesrequires innovative sensor solutions.Contact Decagon’s application support

specialists to help brainstorm ideas for yourspecific project. ��

CA

NO

PYP

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QUANTIFY UNKNOWNS INA WATER BALANCE

Keir Soderberg, secondplace winner of the 2009G.A. Harris ResearchInstruments Fellowship.

Welwitschia mirabilis,

which has a lifespan of400 to 1500 years, useswater from fog in orderto survive.

See all the winners of the 2009 G.A.Harris Research Instruments Fellowshipand download the 2010 application atwww.decagon.com/about-us/

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DataManagement

Complete Soil Moisture Analysis

Soil Moisture andEnvironmentalSensors

DataAcquisitionSystems

DataTrac 3 is a completelyredesigned software packagethat helps you view andeffectively manage your data.

DataTrac 3 does the heavylifting—pulling the loggerdata, amending files, trackingnodes, graphing sets—so youcan see what’s going on withyour study at any pointwithout interrupting the datastream. Check in daily orweekly to add notes andmake observations.

ECH2O soil moisturesensors deliver:

� Research GradeAccuracy— ±3 VWC intypical soils, can becalibrated for improvedperformance.

� Reliable Data—patentedtechnology eliminatesinterference from salinity andtexture differences.

� Practicality—low power,low-cost sensors allow you tocharacterize spatialvariability more completely.

� Complete the system withenvironmental sensors forcontext to show why soilwater content is changing.

The Em50 series of loggersmake data collection easy,whether you’re installing asingle station or a large,multi-station site.All Em50 loggers are:

� Pre-programmed—plug thesensors in and start logging.No user programmingrequired.

� Weatherproof—no extraenclosure needed.

� Internally powered—runs 6months-2 years on enclosedAA batteries. No externalpower needed.

� Wireless options let youcollect data from almostanywhere.

Tools to measure, collect, and analyze your data.

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DataTrac 3

When DataTrac 3 is

started, all of your most

recent data downloads

will be updated and

graphed allowing you to

see changes in real time.

Instead of looking back at

the data and wondering

what happened, you can

add event-related

comments.

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Imagine having an

assistant that brings

you data, general

trends, and specific

problems from all of your

research sites at the start

of every day. DataTrac 3

is that assistant—a

completely redesigned

software package that lets

you view and manage

your data.

ContactDecagonfor a free

30 day trial.

Just a few new features:

� Logger tree let youorganize your data loggernodes during set-up.

� Annotate your notes oncurrent thinking or relevantenvironmental conditions.

� Growing Tools let youcreate meaningful metricssuch as vapor pressuredeficit and growing degreedays.

Z DataTrac 3—SOFTWAREDataTrac 3 graphical and databasesoftware organizes, graphs, and storesdata from Em50 series or Em5b dataloggers. Users can view and edit data intable format, create reports, and transferdata to other DataTrac 3 users.

Minimum System RequirementsMicrosoft Windows XP or newerMonitor set to display 1024 x 768 pixels(minimum)

ORGANIZE AND ANALYZEYOUR SOIL MOISTURE DATA

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Research-Grade Soil Moisture Sensors

All sensor electrical interface: 3.5 mm plug or 3-wire.

5 cm

10 cm

5 cm

5 cm

5 cm

Volumetric watercontent

Dielectric permittivity,Volumetric water

content

Volumetric watercontent, Temperature,Dielectric Permittivity

Volumetric watercontent, Temperature,Electrical conductivity,Dielectric Permittivity

Soil matric potential

0–100% VWC

Apparent dielectricpermittivity (ea):

1 (air) to 50,0–57% VWC


1 (air) to 80,0–100% VWCTemperature-40 to 50 ºC


1 (air) to 80,0–100% VWCTemperature-40 to 50 ºC

EC 0 to 23 dS/m(bulk)

-10 to -500 kPa

Lowest cost for largesensor networks.

Largest volume ofinfluence decreases

effects ofheterogeneity.

Include temperaturedependencies in your

study.

Manage salts andfertilizers in your

system.

Maintenance-freewater potential

measurements that donot drift over time.

MODEL LENGTH MEASUREMENT RANGE ACCURACY BENEF ITS

± 3% VWC, typicalmineral soils up to 8 dS/m

Rockwool± 3% VWC, 0.5 to 8 dS/m

Potting Soil± 3% VWC, 3 to 14 dS/m

(ea): ± 0.5 from ea of 2 to 10

± 2.5 from ea of 10 to 50

± 3% VWC, typicalmineral soils up to 8 dS/m

(ea): ± 1 ea (unitless)from 1–40 (soil range)± 15% from 40–80± 3% VWC, typicalmineral soils up to 8 dS/m

Temperature ± 1 ºC

(ea): ± 1 ea (unitless)from 1–40 (soil range)± 15% from 40–80± 3% VWC, typicalmineral soils up to 8 dS/m

Bulk EC ± 10%

Temperature ± 1 ºC

± 40% of reading from-10 to -50 kPa

± 20% of reading from-50 to -500 kPa

EC-5

10HS

5TM

5TE

MPS-1

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Watch a 5 minute video showing thefactory calibration process atwww.decagon.com/education/video-index/

The Decagon system also allows you to characterize the environment above the soilsurface. The sensors below can be used with the Em50 series data loggers and softwareto provide data on a variety of environmental variables.

The ECRN-50 PrecipitationSensor is best for measuringirrigation events.Resolution 1 mmDimensions 5 cm x 10 cm

The Pyranometer ModelPYR and the PAR PhotonFlux Sensor are completelywater proof, submersible anddesigned for continuous outdooruse. A leveling plate is included.

The Leaf Wetness Sensor measures duration of leafwetness and requires no painting or calibration and detectstrace amounts of water or ice on the sensor sur face.Operating Environment -20 to 60° C

The ECRN-100 PrecipitationSensor is best for researchapplications and measuring rainfall.Resolution 0.2 mmDimensions 17 cm x 14.2 cm

SOIL TEMPERATURE SENSORmodel ECTRange -40 to 60° CAccuracy ±0.25° C

Cable length 1mRange 0 to 2000 µ mol / m2 s (PAR)Range 0 to 1750 W m-2 (PYR)Dimensions 24mm diameter, 29 mm deep.Accuracy ±5%

Above Ground Sensors

Cup AnemometerThe anemometer measures both wind speed (usingwindcups and a magnetic switch) and wind direction (withwindvane and potentiometer). Includes sealed stainless-steelbearings for long life. The range and accuracy

specifications of this unit have been verified in wind-tunnel tests (information available upon request). For

use only with our Em50 or Em50R Data loggerusing ECH2O Utility.

TEMP/RH Durable sensor measures relativehumidity and temperature and outputs both values

as a digital signal.

Probe RH Range 0 to 100% RHRH Accuracy

±2% from 10–90% RH±3% from 0–10% RH and 90–100% RH

Temperature Range -40 to 60 ° C

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CONTINUOUS MONITORING

MEASUREMENT NODES—Em50 LoggerChannels 5.Storage >36,000 scans - Each scan includes logger name,date, time, and 5 measurements.Scan Interval User-programmable from 1/minute to 1/day.(minimum Em50G scan interval every 5 minutes).Communication Serial RS232, USB, radio, cellular.Power 5, AA alkaline batteries.Dimensions 12.7 x 20.3 x 5.1 cm (5 x 8 x 2 in)Enclosure Rating IP55, NEMA3.Download software included with Em50 purchase.

The Em50 series of dataloggers are designed forresearchers who just want

quality data. You install thesensors, plug them into the logger,set the clock and measurementintervals, and start logging data.The Em50’s primary advantage issimply this:

NO PROGRAMMING.

[ Em50 is a highly weatherresistant logger for allDecagon sensors.

We recommend and support use ofCampbell Scientific loggers with oursensors for applications requiringprogramming and/or control.

Spend more time with your data…

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DDECAGONDEVICES


Em50 Series Logger Options

not your data logger.

1 Basic Data Logging

The ECH2O System

2 Long Distance Data Delivery 3 Local Data

Connection

The standard Em50 datalogger is the least expensiveand has the longest batterylife of all the Em50 seriesloggers. It requires a directconnection to a laptop orother computing device todownload data. The Em50option is best if:

� You don’t need to accessyour data on a regular basis.

� Your site is so remote thatyou need the data loggerbatteries to last for over twoyears.

NO PROGRAMMING

The Em50R wireless datalogger uses long range 900MHz* radio communicationto send your data to a centraldata receiving location. Noexisting wirelessinfrastructure is necessary.The Em50R collects data at asingle location and deliversdata over short distances(2 to 5 miles). The Em50R isthe best option if:

� You don’t have cellcoverage at your field site.

� You want to collect datafrom all your loggers at acentral location.

*2.4 GHz radios available forglobal customers.

The Em50G remote datalogger uses the cellularnetwork to upload your datafrom the field to the internet.You can access the data atany time from any locationthat has an internetconnection. The cellularmodem is fully integratedwith the logger making setupa snap. The logger comesready to go right out of thebox with a one-year pre-paidSIM card and subscription tothe Decagon Data Service.Just plug in your sensors, setyour measurement interval,and you’re done. Your datawill be waiting for you backat the office. The Em50G isthe best option if:

� Your research sites havecell service.

� You want regular access toyour data but can’t visit yoursite to get it.

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� No-hassle cellular service included in thethe box. First year service is pre-paid.

� Em50G can be used in 120 countries withmore than 200 partner networks providingGSM/GPRS cellular services.

� Decagon Data Service (included with everyEm50G) provides 24/7 access to data fromanywhere you have cellular service.

� Data is confidential, encrypted, andpassword protected. Downloads from theDecagon Data Service are encrypted usingthe same security a your online bankaccount.

� Em50G provides go/no go cellularsignal testing. Full cellular and datatransfer testing available with includedsoftware.

� Em50G powers the sensors andthe integrated cellular module on 5AA batteries; no external powersource needed.

Your Data, Delivered

Get your data in seconds on anycomputer with an internet connection.

You don’t need a mobile phone, a solarpanel, nor even a conversation withyour local cell service provider to

make this work.

Measure, log, and remotely transmitdata from five Decagon sensors at upto 5 minute intervals.You pick the times during the day whenEm50G logger data is automatically sent tothe Decagon Data Service via the integratedcellular module. Once uploaded, you have24/7 access over the internet to your datastored on the Decagon Data Service. Nologger programming or expert knowledge ofcellular networks are necessary.Automatically download data to DataTrac orcreate Excel files on demand.

Share your data or not.Sharing you data withtrusted colleagues is aseasy as sharing yoursubscriptioninformation.

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Em50G Specifications

Input ports 5, 12-bit analog or 32-bit digital,compatible with any Decagon Devices sensor.

Data storage 1MB (36,800 scans on all 5 ports).

Memory type Non-volatile Flash

Logging interval 5 minutes to 24 hours, logged datais 1-minute average of user-specified interval.

Upload interval 1 to 6 times per day atuser-specified times.

Operating environment-30°C to 60°C, up to 100% RH

Battery service life 6+ months

External power None needed

EnclosureWeatherproof, impact and UV-resistant polymer.

Enclosure dimensions12.7 x 20.3 x 5.1 cm (5 x 8 x 2 in)

Enclosure accessHinged door with eyelet for securing with user-supplied padlock.

Mounting 3.8 cm (1.5 inch) mast or wall mount

Local communication Dedicated serial port 3.5mmstereo jack for use with the Decagon Serial CableAdapter (SCA) or Decagon USB Cable Adaptor (UCA)

Decagon Data Service(included with every Em50G)

Data plan Annual subscription provided by DecagonDevices with over 200 GSM/GPRS partner networksin 120 countries.

Server location Decagon Network Operations Center,Pullman WA USA

Data security SSL/TLS encrypted data transfer; aunique Device ID and password (provided with eachlogger) are necessary for accessing data from theserver.

Cellular Frequency Quad-band (850/900/1800/1900 MHz) GSM/GPRS for use worldwide.

SoftwareECHO Utility Software and DataTrac Software Demo

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[ DataStation—BASE STATIONThe DataStation radio base station collects and stores data from multiple Em50Rdata loggers.

18.4cm L x 10.5cm W x 2.86cm H (7.25”L x 4.125”W x 1.125”H)

� “Confirm Data Delivery” protocol allows complete and reliable data transfer.� RS232 serial cable connectivity.� Storage for over 28,000 broadcast packets.� Flexible 12–24 V AC/DC power.� Telemetry testing for connection quality analysis during set-up.� Enclosures and solar panels for remote installs.

Transmit Data Locally

COLLECT DATA WIRELESSLY AT A SINGLE POINT

Benefits� Long-range wireless radio allows large spatial

monitoring.� No need to visit each site after initialinstallation.� No programming—only simple configuration.

Em50R Logger—MEASUREMENT NODESChannels 5.Storage >36,000 scans - Each scan includes logger name,date, time, and 5 measurementsScan Interval User-programmable from 1/minute to 1/dayCommunication 900 MHz radio*Power 5, AA alkaline batteriesBattery service life 6+ monthsDimensions 12.7 x 20.3 x 5.1 cm (5 x 8 x 2 in)*2.4 GHz radios available for global customers.

X Multiple Em50R loggers collect data then transmit to a nearby office (2 to 5 mile range).

The Em50R wireless data logger transmits data to a central receiving location using900 MHz* radio communication. No existing wireless infrastructure is necessary.

Multiple Em50R loggers are often used to collect data from many locations, which are thentransmitted to a nearby office (2 to 5 mile range)

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ProCheckFor all Decagon sensors.Channels 1Storage 5,000 readings. Each reading includes sensortype, date, time, raw value, calibrated value andcalibration coefficients.Communication Serial RS232.Power 4, AA alkaline batteriesDimensions 15.5 x 9.5 x 3.5 cm (6 x 3.7 x 1.4 in)

CAPABILITIES� Instantaneously read and store data from any Decagonsensor.� Troubleshoot field measurements.� Address sensors being used in SDI-12 mode.

Archer Field PCThe ultra-rugged Archer Field PC is our recommended platformfor managing data in-the-field. The Archer is water-proof,shock-resisitant, and remarkably versatile. The Archer iscapable of a wide range of adaptations, including:

� Capture, map, or navigate using GPS options.� Communicate wirelessly via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi.� See your screen in the sun.� 10+ hour battery life.� Windows Mobile 6.1 operating system.� Comes with ECH2O Utility Mobile.

Save your laptop by

investing in an Archer Field

PC. Laptops are great, but

they require two hands and

aren’t built to be

submersed, dropped, and driven around

on dusty roads. Archer is built for

frequent field trips, and it will last long

after it has become worth the

investment.

Accessories for multi-site installation.

DDECAGONDEVICES


k The ProCheckinstantaneouslydisplays calibrated orraw readings of anyDecagon soil moistureor environmentalsensor.

Use theinstant-readProCheck to testindividual sensorsfor goodinstallation.

ECH2O Utility softwareFree software included with every Em50Series and Em5b data logger. Configuresensors, change measurement intervals,monitor battery life and memory levels.

Em5b LoggerFor EC-5, EC-10, EC-20,

ECRN-50, ECT, & 10HSStorage 3,300 scans,

1/minute to 1/dayCommunication RS232

Power 4, AAA alkaline batteries,battery life 3+ yrs

Dimensions 8.7 x 6.2 x 3.5 cm(3.75 x 2.75 x 1.25 in)

Download software included withEm5b purchase.

X The Em5b has 5 channels thatallow scientists on a tight budget tomonitor soil moisture and otherenvironmental parameters

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At Cook Farm,

Decagon

scientists and

Washington State

University

researchers are

calibrating,

refining and testing

an existing

hydrologic model

for the Palouse.

“We have soil

moisture sensors

buried at the same

depths all over the farm, but the

volumetric water content readings

can be different from location to

location. Sometimes they seem

almost random. When I flew over the

farm this summer, suddenly I could

see those variations in living color.

Patterns of wheat senescence showed

exactly what the sensors had been

telling us—golden wheat in the dry

areas, greener wheat in the valleys

and every variation in between.”

42wireless logger nodes

200+soil moisture sensors

CASE STUDY: COMPLEX HYDROLOGYON THE PALOUSE

Watch a 5 minute video of a SoilMoisture System installation atwww.decagon.com/education/video-index/

X SOIL MOISTURE SYSTEMWITH TEMPERATURE /EC OPTIONEach node has 5 soil moisturesensors monitoring the soilprofile at one foot verticalintervals—the shallowest is afoot below the surface; thedeepest five feet down. Thesensors measure volumetricwater content, soil temperature,and Electrical Conductivity. TheEm50R logger stores the datainternally and transmits it to theDataStation.

See sensors specificationson page 12.

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YOU CAN SEE SIGNAL STRENGTH AND CONNECTIONSPEED IN REAL-TIME AS YOU PICK THE BEST SPOT

FOR A DATA LOGGER NODE SITE. IT’S SIMPLE.TEST FIRST AND INSTALL SECOND.

X DATASTATIONINTEGRATED WITHAN EXISTINGMETEOROLOGICAL TOWERThe station gathers soilmoisture, temperature, andEC data from all42 loggers hourly.

See DataStation

specifications on page 18.

“Hassle Free”Telemetry

CASE STUDY

DDECAGONDEVICES


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IN THE BOX

Standard Configuration #40525

Water Balance System

Drain Gauge G3

Three, 5TM Soil Moisture Sensors

ECRN-100 High Resolution Rain Gauge

Em50 Data Logger

DataTrac 3 Software

USB Cable

Batteries

Mounting hardware

Printed and electronic documentation

Contact Decagon to add telemetry options.

Close YourWater BalanceWITH PRECIPITATION, SOILSTORAGE, AND DEEPDRAINAGE

n Get closer to completing thewater balance.

n Collect the data you need to calculate

water input, storage, and drainage in the

vadose zone.

n Measure deep drainage rather than

estimating to reduce errors in water

balance calculation

The elements of this bundle

were chosen to help you nail

two tough components of

the water balance: storage

and deep percolation.

� The drain gauge’s elegant

design ensures that water will

flow through and not around it,

giving you accurate deep

percolation rate.

� High accuracy water content

sensors let you calculate storage

from differences in profile

water content.

� Adding on a rain gauge gives

you the downward “vertical

water profile”—incoming,

storage, and drainage.

Watershed CharacterizationPackage

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Dynamicgraphicalinterface bringsdata to life.Organize, graph,and store data;view and editdata in tableformat; createreports andtransfer data toother DataTrac 3users.

Em50 Data LoggerPlug in the sensors, set timeand measurement intervals,

and start logging data. Noprogramming necessary.

ECRN-100 HighResolution Rain

GaugeMeasure incoming

water values for waterbalance calculations.

Three, 5TM Soil Moisture SensorsMeasure water storage using dielectricwater content sensors at differentdepths in the profile. Sensors specs onpage 12.

Drain Gauge G3Measure deepdrainage withthis thoughtfullydesigned passivecapillarylysimeter.Drain Gauge G3specson page 37.

WATER BALANCE

DDECAGONDEVICES


DataTrac 3 Software

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IN THE BOX

Standard Configuration #40523

Soil Moisture/Irrigation System

Two, 5TE Soil Moisture Sensors

MPS-1 Matric Potential Sensor

Pressure on/off switch

ECRN-100 Precipitation Sensor

Em50 Data Logger

DataTrac 3 Software

USB Cable

Batteries

Mounting hardware

Printed and electronic documentation

Contact Decagon to add telemetry options.

n Know when to turnirrigation on.

Soil moisture sensors only measure

volumetric water content. Use the matric

potential sensor to monitor plant

available water.

n Know when to turnirrigation off.

Fast-response soil moisture sensors let you

track plant water use in real time and set

an accurate full point that minimizes

wasted water.

The elements of this bundle

were chosen specifically for

you to see both how much

water is in the soil and how

much of that water is

available to plants.

� A matric potential sensor

measures plant available water

so you know when to turn

irrigation on.

� Soil moisture sensors let you

know when you’ve reached field

capacity and should turn

irrigation off.

� A pressure switch monitors

pipes to make sure irrigation

is happening as scheduled.

� DataTrac lets you watch

the interaction of all the

sensors graphically.

See sensor specs on pages 12 and 13.

Irrigation Monitoring Package

24

25

Settling For 1 WaterParameter?KNOW WHEN TO TURN IT ONAND WHEN TO TURN IT OFF

DataTrac 3 SoftwareDynamic graphical interfacebrings data to life. Organize,graph, and store data; view datain table format; create reportsand transfer data to otherDataTrac 3 users.

Em50 Data LoggerPlug in the sensors, set timeand measurement intervals,

and start logging data. Noprogramming necessary.

ECRN-100 PrecipitationSensorDesigned to measure bothprecipitation and irrigationevents.

Pressure On/Off SwitchTracks irrigation events by recording when

water is turned on and off.

MPS-1 Matric Potential SensorThis sensor goes beyond just watercontent to describe wateravailability. Measures 0 to -500 kPa.

Two, 5TE Moisture SensorsSoil moisture sensors locatedwithin and below the root zonetrack water content throughthe profile.

IRRIGATION

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Essential Water Potential Data

27

SO

ILSYY YYY

How does sample disturbance affect readings?Read the “Effects of Sample Disturbance on SoilWater Potential Measurements” Application Note atwww.decagon.com/sampledisturbance

WP4C SPECIFICATIONS

Operating Environment5 to 43°C (41 to 110°F)Temperature Control15° to 40°C ± 0.2 °CSensors 1. Infrared temperature. 2. Chilled-mirror dewpoint.Range 0 to -300 MPaAccuracy ± 0.05 MPa from 0 to -5 MPa, ± 1% from -5 to -300 MPaRead time Typically 5 to 10 minutesInterface Cable Serial cable (included)Data CommunicationsRS232 compatible, 8-bit ASCII code, 9600 baud, no parity, 1 stop bitWeight 3.2 kg (5.2 kg shipping weight)Universal Power 110/ 220V AC, 50/60HzSample dish capacity 7ml recommended (15ml full)25 plastic cups and 10 stainless steel cups includedCalibration Standard 0.5 molal KCl (-2.19MPa)

Measure the water potential of soil,soilless substrate, plant tissue, orany porous material in 5 to 10

minutes. Effective range: -0.1 to -300 MPa.*

The WP4C measures water potential bydetermining the relative humidity of the airabove a sample in a closed chamber (anAOAC-approved method, conforms toASTM 6836).

*Note: WP4C will read to 0 MPa, but readings of samples

wetter than -0.1 MPa will have an increasing, and

typically unacceptable, percentage of error. Some

users may be able to make useful measurements

in samples wetter than -0.1 MPa using special

techniques. For more information, see the

WP4C User Manual.

Applications� Soil moisture characteristics

� Root zone water potential profiles

� Leaf water potential

� Seed priming

� Seed water relations

� Expansive soil characterization

MAKE FAST, ACCURATEWATER POTENTIALMEASUREMENTS IN THE LAB

DDECAGONDEVICES


NEW FEATURES� Precise Mode—verifies full equilibrium

before displaying a final reading.� Speedy Equilibration—new

hydrophobic teflon impregnated nickelalloy sample chamber coating reducesequilibration time.

� Finely-Tuned Adjustments—new

algorithms allow precision calibrationand ± 0.05 MPa (or better) accuracy.

� Better range and accuracy—resolves

temperatures to a thousandth of adegree to push the functional rangeto -0.1 MPa.

28

X T8 Tensiometer Includes temperature measurement,water level indicator and external refilling option.

h TS1 The world’s first smart tensiometer. Designed to be deployed in the field and left, the TS1 logswater potential data, self refills, monitors temperature, and self-empties when the temperature nearsfreezing to avoid damage.

TENSIOMETERS SPECIFICATIONS

Range 0 to -85 kPa*

Accuracy ± 0.5 kPa

Resolution 0.1 kPa

Cable length 5m

Hysteresis typ. 0.1% FS

Stability over one year typ. 0.5% FS

Sensor Piezoresisitve pressure transducer, overpressure max± 3000 hPa

Electronics Wheatstone full bridge

Compatible with Infield 7

and Campbell Scientific dataloggers.

X T5 mini-tensiometers are essential for the measurementof water potential in small spaces like soil columns, pottedplants and in laboratory water flow experiments.

UMS designs andmanufacturers

tensiometers to makeresearch easier. The pressuretransducer-based sensorsallow for precisemeasurement of waterpotential. A variety of sizesgive you options fordeployment from field to lab.Their newest tensiometer, theTS1, allows yearlong fielddeployment after installation.

Fast Response Tensiometers

X T4 Tensiometer Standard tensiometer.External refilling optional.

[ Infield 7Handheld digitaldisplay interfaceswith all UMStensiometers forquick datacollection.

*With careful refilling, the T5 tensiometer can make measurements well below -85 kPa.

29

Seewww.decagondevices.com/

for more specs onthese UMS

Tensiometers. Moreinformation on thehistory and theory

behind them willappear in the 2010

issue of WaterPotential News.

hanks to cavitation, many scientists have a love-hate relationship with tensiometers. At one time,Georg von Unold was one of them. “They leakedand would quickly run dry,” he recalls. “Theceramic membrane was not consistent, and it waseasy to see that there was a large variation of poresizes between the different individual tensiometers.The most difficult problem was that the waterreservoirs were opaque, which meant I couldn’t seeif there were bubbles that may have occurredduring refilling or if cavitation had occurred.”

Precision Engineering,Meticulous ConstructionAfter weeks of frustration, vonUnold decided to start fresh anddesign a better tensiometer. Bythe time he’d finished, he had amaster’s degree and a company,UMS. The tensiometers he buildsat UMS, thanks to precisionGerman engineering, meticulousconstruction, and fanaticalattention to detail, are modernclassics with terrific accuracy and a range that(with a careful operator) can extendbeyond -200 kPa.

von Unold describes these tensiometers asinstruments “soil scientists and ecologists from acentury—or even a few decades—ago could onlyhave dreamed about.” They certainly made usexcited, which is why we offer UMSinstrumentation to the U.S. market. ��

T“A TENSIOMETER SCIENTISTSCOULD ONLY DREAM ABOUT”

SO

ILSYY YYY

Georg von Unold, UMS

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30

HYPROP SPECIFICATIONSRange +2 kPa to -120 kPa / -250 kPaResolution 0.001 kPaAccuracy ± 1.5 kPa

OPTIONAL LABORATORY SCALE SPECIFICATIONSMeasuring range 0 to 2.5kgResolution 0.01gAccuracy ± 0.1gInterface RS232

Forget the pain of using pressure plates.Use Hyprop to generate detailedmoisture release curves, typically

within a few days.

Just take your undisturbed sample, insert themeasurement head, put it on the balance,and in less than a week, you have a detailedmoisture release curve.

� Uses undisturbed soil samples.

� Works in all soil types

� Bonus feature gives unsaturatedhydraulic conductivity values for thesoil sample.

Hyprop

Measure Soil Hydraulic Properties

X Drying portion of the moisture curvegenerated by Hyprop.

31

SO

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AQUASORP IG brings click and read efficiency to soil isotherms. In 24 to

48 hours, AquaSorp IG generates up to200 data points (water potential vs. watercontent) in the wetting and dryingdirections. AquaSorp works in the dryrange of water potential (-10 to -300 MPa).Whether you are studying adsorption/desorption characteristics in dry soil orcharacterizing soil expansion, AquaSorpwill provide the information you needwith a fraction of the timeand effort.

SpecificationsRange -10 to -300 MPa.

Accuracy ±1MPa or ±1%

Temperature Operating Range 15 to 40° C

Size 44 w x 38 d x 28 h cm

Weight 19 kg

Benefits� Rapid isotherm generation.

� Fast expansive soil characterization.

INSERT SAMPLE, PRESS START,AND WALK AWAY

Y Isothermgenerated bythe Aquasorp.

Create Soil Moisture Release Curves

AquaSorp IG

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32

INSTALL THE MPS-1 Water PotentialSensor down-hole, pack wet soil around it, plug the sensor into an Em50 or other

compatible datalogger, and start loggingwater potential data. The MPS-1 integrateshigh-performance ceramic with newdielectric circuitry to measure a wide rangeof soil water potentials without usermaintenance.

APPLICATIONS� Water potential monitoring in vadoze zone.� Crop stress.� Waste water drainage studies.� Irrigation monitoring and control.� Plant water availability.

BENEFITS

� Continuous measurement of soil water potential.

� No complicated programming.

� No maintenance required af ter installation.

MPS-1 SPECIFICATIONSRange -5 to -500 kPa

Accuracy±40% of reading

Resolution1 kPa from 0 to -100 kPa

4 kPa from -100 to -500 kPa

Measurement time 10 ms (milliseconds)

Power requirement 2 to 5 VDC @ ~10 mA

Output 525 to 925 mVDC independent of

excitation voltage

Operating temperature -40 C to +50 C

Sensor dimensions 75 mm x 32 mm x 15 mm

Connector types 3.5 mm “stereo” plug

Cable length 5 m standard, extension cables available

Datalogger Compatibility (not exclusive)Decagon Em50, Em50R, Em50G

Campbell Scientific CR10X, 21X, 23X, CR1000, CR3000, etc.

ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS INANY SOIL TYPE

Monitor Water Potential In Situ

32

3333

Learn more about the measurement of

water potential methodologies and limitations

at www.decagon.com/waterpotential

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34

Acrylictube

Sintered stainless steeldisc encapsulated in

elastomer base

Chamberbarrier

Suctionregulation

tube

Bubblechamberstopper

Bubblechamber

Waterreservoir

Mariottetube

QUANTIFY SPATIAL VARIABILITYOF SOIL HYDRAULICCONDUCTIVITY

Water movement in soil isspatially variable. TheMini Disk Infiltrometer is a

quick way to test hydraulic conductivityand infiltration rates.

BackpackableSmall, compact, and simple, the MiniDisk Infiltrometer is a true fieldinstrument. It can be tossed into abackpack with a bottle of water.

Quick SetupJust fill the reservoir, set the suction, andstart measuring infiltration. You don'thave to pre-saturate the disk.

Straightforward CalculationsEnter infiltration and elapsed time data inthe included spreadsheet calculator to findhydraulic conductivity.

ReliableBoth scientists and technicians have usedthe Mini Disk Infiltrometer to designirrigation systems, demonstrate hydraulicconductivity, evaluate erosion hazard, andgauge the impact of forest fires.

SPECIFICATIONSTotal Length 32.7 cmSuction Range 0.5 to 7 cm of suctionWater Volume for Operation 135 mLDiameter of Sintered Stainless Steel Disc4.5 cm dia., 3 mm thick

Measure Soil Hydraulic Conductivity

3534

HYD

RO

LOG

Y

USING THE INFILTROMETER TOASSESS EROSION RISK

Flagstaff, Arizona is typically a dryplace. In August 2010, Flagstaff's

residents experienced severe floods. Videofootage shows churning rivers flowingdown roadways and around and throughhomes. August's monsoon rainscontributed the water, but the floods wereactually caused by the 15,000 acre Shultzfire that raged around Flagstaff from Aprilto July.

Floods Follow FiresTo Forest Service research engineer Dr.Peter Robichaud, the setup is classic.Robichaud, who studies post-fireerosion processes, says that after a fire,soil commonly becomes water repellent.That, together with loss of forest floormatter and ash clogging soil pores, createsa dramatic increase in runoff. "It's not justa 100% increase," he says. "It's orders ofmagnitude."

Modeling to ImproveResponseRobichaud's work inmodeling post-fire erosion isused by many practitioners toassess the impacts of a fire,predict erosion, and makeplans to manage and reducethe associated risks.Robichaud uses the MiniDisk Infiltrometer as a tool tocharacterize changes in thesoil after a fire. "It's apractical instrument for fireassessment teams to use. Itprovides the information they need to helpthem determine the changes in infiltrationcharacteristics."

X After a fire, soil commonly becomes water repellent,just one factor in increased runoff.

[ 2010's Shultz Fire burned15,000 acres of Arizonaforest land.

X Residents of Flagstaff experienced significant flooding."When you have steep slopes and high velocities, things

can converge rather quickly," Dr. Robichaud says.

Read the full article about Dr. Robichaud’s researchat www.decagon.com/robichaud or access hisonline Erosion Risk Management Tool atforest.moscowfsl.wsu.edu

And After the Fire...

36

MEASURE DEEP DRAINAGE AND SOLUTEFLUX WITHOUT THE BIG LYSIMETERPRICE TAG

The new Drain Gauge G3 lets you measuredrainage rates in unsaturated soils and collectsoil water samples for chemical analysis.

Complete the Water BalanceWater draining from the bottom of the soil profile is animportant component of the water balance. It’s usuallyestimated to be whatever is left over after the othercomponents are measured, but these estimates are oftensubject to large errors. The drain gauge lets you measuredeep drainage directly. Optional soil moisture and raingauge sensors add data tocomplete the water balance.

Evaluate GroundwaterContaminationTypically, it’s difficult tomonitor contaminants until theyreach the groundwater. TheDrain Gauge lets you collectwater just below the root zoneand pump it to the surface forfurther analysis. Using thedrainage rate and the chemicalconcentration in the drainagewater, you can calculate the fluxof chemical through the soil.

DDECAGONDEVICES


”I would put these everywhere—under farms, under golf courses,anywhere you want to know what’sbeing leached into groundwater andhow much of it there is. It gives youvery good estimates, and themaintenance is essentially nil. Youjust dig a hole, chuck it in, and goon farming, or golfing, or fertilizing.All you have to do is get the waterand analyze it.”

Monitor Solute Movement into Groundwater

37

FLUX DIVERGENCE—HOW TOMEASURE WHAT’S REALLYMOVING

Water is pulled through the soil inresponse to water potential

gradients, or “soil suction.” The twocomponents of soil suction that areimportant in calculating water balanceare matric suction and gravitationalsuction.

Collection ChallengesGravitational suction—water movementdue to the pull of gravity—is onlysignificant in soils wetter than fieldcapacity (33 kPa). Matric suction—water movement due to the attractionbetween water and soil particlesurfaces—makes it difficult to collectwater in a traditional pan lysimeterbecause the pan has no suction. Water,always moves towards areas of highersuction, will flow around the lysimeterunless the soil itself is very close to zerosuction (saturation).

Creating SuctionThis phenomenon is called fluxdivergence. The Drain Gauge uses afiberglass wick to create a constantsuction and a divergence control tube tominimize flux divergence andconvergence. Find more informationabout the advantages and limitations ofthe Drain Gauge at decagon.com

Y The drain gauge measures total drainage and savessamples for lab analysis.

HYD

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3836

1.47m

i

h DRAIN GAUGE APPLICATIONS

� Waste landfill sites, to advise operators when drainage is occurring and where

cover systems need to be improved.

� Maximization of food processing waste applications by monitoring water

drainage rates and water quality below the root zone.

� Environmental research measuring percolation and recharge rates.

� Farming operations, to measure and control irrigation during a cropping season.

� Recreational facilities, such as golf courses, to measure and control excess

water and nutrient losses.

Determine the volume of water and chemicalsdraining from the vadose zone into groundwater.

Our Drain Gauges measures flow rate in unsaturatedsoils and collects soil water samples for chemicalanalysis.

An ingenious duct and wick design maintains a flow ratewithin the gauge equivalent to that in surrounding soil.A surface port allows you to draw out samples toanalyze for chemicals, fertilizers, and othercontaminants.

MEASURE DEEP PERCOLATIONRATES DIRECTLY

Monitor Groundwater Leaching

k Drain Gauge G2Constructed from InertMaterialsChemicals won’t reactwith the tube, thesensors, or thecollection reservoir.

39

HYD

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39

DRAIN GAUGE G2Flow Through Technology

Measurement Surface Area324 cm2

Sampling Reservoir Volume150 mL

Accuracy± 10%

Resolution0.1 mm drainage

Suction at Intake110cm (11 kPa)

Total length147 cm

Divergence Control Tube (DCT)Length60 cm

Measurement Time10 ms

Power2.5–3 VDC @ 3 mA, for 10 ms

Construction MaterialGalvanized Steel DCT, inertpolyethylene reservoir, and dry-fired fiberglass wick

Datalogger CompatibilityEM50/EM50R/EM50G and allCampbell Scientific Loggers

DRAIN GAUGE G3Sample Capture Technology

Measurement Surface Area507 cm2

Sampling Reservoir Volume3 L

Accuracy± 10%

Resolution0.1 mm drainage

Suction at Intake110cm (11 kPa)

Total Length147 cm

Divergence Control Tube (DCT)Length60 cm

Measurement Time150 ms

Power3.6–15 VDC, 0.3 mA quiescent, 20mA during 150 ms measurement

Construction MaterialStainless Steel or PVC DCT, inertPVC reservoir, polyethyleneevacuation tube, dry fired fiberglasswick, and epoxy molded drainagesensor

Datalogger CompatibilityEM50/EM50R/EM50G and allCampbell Scientific Loggers w/ SDI-12 capability

Z New Drain Gauge G3 hassurface port for easy accessto drainage / temperature /

EC sensor for maintenance.

40

Don’t take a soil core every timeyou want data. Leave yourexperimental site undisturbed and

take more meaningful pore water sampleswith UMS’s pore water samplers.

How does it work?A pore water system is a quick access pointfor extracting soil water. Rather than diggingup a chunk of soil and performing anextraction every time you want a sample,you install a specially tipped tube in the soil.Soil water samples are gently extracted fromsoil pores using suction pressure matched tonatural soil water tension.

Eliminates Spatial VariabilitySampling in the same undisturbed locationevery time gives you better data.

Uses Natural Sampling SuctionPrecisely controlled tension means yousample what’s actually in the soil water.Constant, unregulated tension preferentiallysamples the wet time periods, diluting yoursamples and giving inaccurateconcentrations. UMS’s unique tensiometercontrol matches sampler suction to thenatural suction of the soil as conditionschange for the most accurate sampleconcentrations.

Customized to Solute TypeUMS’s patented silicone carbide tip is inert toa large range of compounds. Other tips arealso available.

TENSIOMETER CONTROL ENSURESACCURATE SAMPLE CONCENTRATIONS

� Measure net

mineralization rates.

� Sample for organic

carbon.

� Quantify the

presence of heavy

metals, pesticides,

and other

contaminants.

Continuously Sample Nitrogen,

40

41

SIC20SiliconCarbide

Allows forsampling of abroad range ofchemicals due tolow sorption.

SK20AluminumOxide Ceramic

Suitable fordetermination ofnitrate andcommon organicand inorganicsubstances.

SPE20PolyethyleneNylonMembrane

Specially suitablefor heavy metals,herbicides, andpesticides.

DDECAGONDEVICES


Phosphorous, and More in Soil WaterH

YDR

OLO

GY

VACUUM SYSTEMS

VS/VS-pro/VS-TwinPower Supply10.5 to 15 VDC

InterfacetensioLINK, RS485

Memory5000 readings

Vacuum Regulation Range0 to -85 kPa

Dimensions26 x 16 x 10 cm

EnclosureAluminum

Operating Temperature-10°C to +45°C

VacuPorterelectric pumpMax. Vacuum-85 kPa

Max. Pressure400 kPa

Capacity10 liters/min

Batter CapacityInternal rechargeable battery;7 hours of operation

Case30 x 25 x 13 cm

Weight4.8 kg

VPS-2hand-operatedfloor pumpMax. Vacuum-85kPa

Capacity0.41 liters per stroke

PORE WATER SAMPLERS

SIC20Shaft Diameter20 mm; acrylic

Shaft Length20 to 210 cm; customized toorder

Porous Ceramic20 mm dia.; 60 mm length

Bubble Point-90 kPa

Suction TubePolyethylene; 1.6 mm i.d.;2.8 mm o.d.

SK20Shaft Diameter20 mm; acrylic



Bubble Point-100 kPa


SPE20Shaft Diameter20 mm; acrylic



Bubble Point-100 kPa; but the PE coverallows water flow only up to -20 kPa


42

� KS-16cm needlelengthThermal conductivityof liquids.

� TR-110cm needlelengthThermal conductivityor thermal resistivityof soil or porousmaterials. ASTM andIEEE compliant.

� SH-130mm dualneedle length3 parameters-Thermal Conductivity,Thermal Diffusivity,and Specific Heat.

FOLLOW THE HEAT transfer inthe soil plant atmospherecontinuum with the KD2

Pro Thermal PropertiesAnalyzers. The KD2 Pro hasthree interchangeable sensorswhich measure thermaldiffusivity and specific heat (heatcapacity) measurement functionsalong with data storagecapabilities and an automaticdata collection mode. �

� Heated Needle Technology

� Requires No Calibration

� Displays in Engineering Units

� Small Needle Minimizes Soil

Disturbance

Model Heat Movement

GET A HANDLEON HEAT TRANSFER

DDECAGONDEVICES


43

Z Each KD2 Pro comes factory calibrated andincludes performance verification standards.

THE

RM

AL

KD2 Pro Specifications

Measurement 90 Seconds

Accuracy*

± 5% to ± 10% Conductivity/Resistivity

± 10% Thermal Diffusivity

± 10% Specific Heat

Ranges*

K: 0.02 to 4 Wm-1 C-1

D: 0.1 to 1.0 mm2s-1

R: 0.5 to 50 mC W-1

C: 0.5 to 4 MJ m-3 C-1

Data Storage 4095 readings

Environment –50 to 150°C

Case Size 15.5 x 9.5 x 3.5 cm

Power 4, AA Batteries

Sensors

KS-1, 6 cm, 1.27 mm Dia. needle

TR-1, 10 cm, 1.27 mm Dia. needle

SH-1, 30 mm, 1.27 mm Dia. 2 needles*Accuracy and measurement range vary with sensortype.

Cable 1m

Watch a three and a half minutevideo on measuring soil thermalconductivity with the KD2 Pro atwww.decagon.com/education/video-index/

43

4444

REQUEST A FREE EC POSTER BY [email protected]

45

wd (kg/kg)

ww (kg/kg)

q (m3 m-3)

DEFINITIONS

mass water content, dry basis

mass water content, wet basis

volume water content

dry bulk density (kg m-3) = Ms/Vt

wet bulk density (kg m-3) = (Ms+ Mw)/Vt

water density (kg m-3) = 1000 kg m-3

mass of dry solid

mass of water

volume of water

total volume, soil, water and air

WATER CONTENT CONVERSIONS

wd

ww

q

rdry

rwet

rw

Ms

Mw

Vw

Vt

Vw

Vt

q=

rw

rwetqww=

rw

rdryqwd =

ww

1 - wwwd =

Mw

Mw + Ms

ww=

rwet

rwwwq=

Mw

Ms

wd =

wd

1 + wdww=

rdry

rwwdq=

TRANSLATING DATAEssential Soil Moisture References

45

46

AFRICA

South AfricaCS Africa1a Meson StreetTechnoparkStellenboschtel: +27 21 880 1252fax: +27 21 880 [email protected]

ASIA

ChinaEcotekUnit A,22F., ChengmingBuildingNo.2 Xizhimen NadajieBeijingtel: +86 10 51 665 551, 66001 563fax: +86 10 66 001 [email protected]

IndiaNu-Tech InternationalE-4, 2nd Floor, Bali NagarNew Delhi 110-015tel: 91-11-5467218/ 5420595fax: 91-11-25420595/[email protected]

JapanAINEX Co., Ltd.2-4-3 Shinkamata, Ohta-kuTokyo - 144-0054tel: +81 3 5713-0388fax: +81 3 [email protected]

KoreaC & HRoom #1505 Hwanghwa Bldg.Yeoksam-dong, Kangnam-kuSeoultel: +82 2 501 3869fax: +82 2 556 [email protected]

MalaysiaTeam Medical & Scientific SdnBhdNo. 41, Jalan AnggerikVanilla T-31/TKota Kemuning40460Shah AlamSelangor, Malaysiatel: 603-5122-5108fax: [email protected]

TaiwanWilson Scientific Co. Ltd.9F-3, No. 159 Sec.1Shin-Tai-Wu Rd.Shijr, Taipei Countytel: 886 2 2690 7696fax: 886 2 2690 [email protected]

ThailandWin Siam Co., Ltd.701/12 Wong-Sawang RoadBang Sue, Bangkok 10800tel. +66 2910 [email protected]

AUSTRALIA AND NEWZEALAND

AustraliaICT International Pty. Ltd.PO Box 503Armidale. NSW 2350tel: +61 267 726 770fax +61 267 727 [email protected]

EUROPE

AustriaUMS Gmbh MünchenGmunder Str. 37, 81379München, Germanytel: +49 89 12 66 52 14fax: +49 89 12 66 52 [email protected]

Belgium/LuxembourgCaTeCTurfschipper 1142292 JB WateringenThe Netherlandstel: +31 174 272 330fax: +31 174 272 [email protected]

Czech and Slovak RepublicsEkotechnika Spol. S.R.O.Mokropeska 1832252 28 Cernosice, CzechRepublictel: +420 737 044 323fax: +420 251 640 [email protected]

DenmarkInverva ApSDK-2970 Hørsholm,Denmark Stakkeledet 63tel: +45 6595 9454fax: +45 6595 [email protected]

FranceSols Mesures17, rue Jean MonnetZ.A. des Côtes78990 Elancourttel: +33 1 30 503 450fax: +33 1 30 503 [email protected]

GermanyUMS Gmbh MünchenGmunder Str. 37, 81379München, Germanytel: +49 89 12 66 52 14fax: +49 89 12 66 52 [email protected]

GreeceScientact SA16 Kanari St54644 Thessalonikitel: +30 2310 946 126fax: +30 2310 947 [email protected]

IcelandMeasurement SystemsHofdabakki 9c110 Reykjaviktel: +354 661 1169fax: +354 567 3995www.maelibunadur.is

ItalyMisure SNCVia degli Olmetti, 3800060 Formello - Romatel: +39 06 907 5535fax: +39 06 907 [email protected]

NetherlandsCaTeCTurfschipper 1142292 JB WateringenThe Netherlandstel: 31 174-272330fax: 31 [email protected]

PolandGeomor-Technik Sp. Z O.Oul. Bialowieska 2PL 71-010 Szczecintel: +48 91 482 00 90tel/fax: +48 91 482 60 [email protected]

Distributors

47

RomaniaSC Terra Preta SRLBd. Unirii nr. 61, bl. F3, sc. 4,ap. 510sector 3, Bucuresti, Romaniatel: +40 21 326 8567fax: +40 31 101 6676www.terra-preta.ro

SpainCentro De Asesoría Dr. Ferrer,S.L.c/Ferran el catòlic, 325200 Cervera (Lleida)Catalunyatel: +34 93 371 05 16fax: +34 93 473 01 [email protected]

United KingdomLabcell Ltd.Unit 3a, Mansfield ParkFour Marks, AltonHants. GU34 5PZtel: 01420 568 150fax: 01420 568 [email protected]

MIDDLE EAST

IsraelMeteo-Tech31 Lehi StreetBnei Brak, 51200tel: +97 2 3 616 0598fax: +97 2 3 618 [email protected]

Agrolan Knowledge & InputPO Box 45 Moshav NOV 12921Ramat Hagolantel: 972-4-6763091fax: [email protected]

TurkeyBilmar Bilimsel Arastirma veMühendislik A.S.Tunali Hilmi Caddesi,Büklüm SokakNo: 63/5706700 G.O.P. Ankaratel: 0312-468 28 35fax: 0312-468 17 [email protected]

NORTH AMERICA

CanadaHoskin Scientific Limitedwww.hoskin.ca239 East 6th AvenueVancouver, BC V5T 1J7tel: 604 872 7894fax: 604 872 [email protected]

4210 Morris DriveBurlington, ON L7L 5L6tel: 905 333 5510fax: 905 333 [email protected]

8425 DevonshireMonteal, PQ H5P 2L1tel: 514 735 5267fax: 514 735 [email protected]

MexicoRuber Eim De MéxicoAv. Arcos Ote 195-BCol. Jardines del SurCP 16050, Xochimilco, Mexico,D.F.fax: 52 55 5675 2627tel: 52 55 5653 [email protected]

USA & All othersDecagon Devices, Inc.2365 NE Hopkins CourtPullman, WA 99163tel: 509 332 2756fax: 509 332 [email protected]

SOUTH AMERICA

ArgentinaInstrumentos del Sur S.A.Gaspar Campos 1175(1638) VICENTE LOPEZPcia. de Buenos Airestel./fax: 54 11 4791–0169cel: 54-9-11 3226-5826 [email protected]

BrazilBraseq Brasileira DeEquipamentos Ltda.Av. Dr. Antenor SoaresGandra, 433 / 43513240-000 Jarinú - SPtel: +55 11 4016 0000fax: +55 11 4016 [email protected].

ChileAMBIMET LTDAGaribaldi N° 1620,Ñuñoa, CP777 0125Santiago - CHILEtel: (+56 2) 274 4798 y 3416980fax: (+56 2) 341 [email protected]

PeruEnviroequip S.A.C.Asuncion 230,La Molina, Lima 12, Perútel: 51 1 348 9444fax: (+56 2) 341 [email protected]

DDECAGONDEVICES


48

What’s New?

2365 NE Hopkins CourtPullman, Washington 99163

800-755-2751fax 509-332-5158

[email protected]

International1-509-332-2756

Chris Chamberscustomer support scientist

Nick Mowerapplications engineer

DDECAGONDEVICES

Your Data, DeliveredThe new Em50G lets you access data from anywherewith an internet connection. Self-contained logger runson 5 AA batteries and sets up in less than 15 minutes.

Watch Your Research UnfoldDon’t wait until the end of the season to look overyour data. Check in daily with the completelyredesigned DataTrac 3. DataTrac 3 makes yourresearch an open book by ammending, managing, anddisplaying your data as it’s collected.

Monitor the Deep StuffWhat’s being leached into groundwater, and how muchof it is there? Find out with the new fully sealed DrainGauge G3.

Cover the Full Range ofWater PotentialA boost in accuracy makes theDewpoint Water Potential

Meter effective up to -0.1 MPa.Measure the full water potential

range in the lab using this metertogether with UMS’s precision

tensiometers or Hyprop instrument.

Jordan Tanaseeapplications engineer

Todd Vanekcustomer support manager

©2010 Decaagon Devices, Inc.PRINTED IN USA

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