caslin 2009 – june 8, 2009 marilyn billings scholarly communication librarian, umass amherst, usa...
TRANSCRIPT
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CASLIN 2009 – June 8, 2009
Marilyn BillingsScholarly Communication Librarian, UMass Amherst, USA
Exploring Ways that IRs Facilitate New Roles and Partnerships for Libraries
and the Academy
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Outline of Talk
Introduction and Background Scholarly Communication Crisis Sabbatical Research 2005
• Study• Findings• Challenges• Lessons learned
New Roles and Partnerships Examples Concluding Remarks
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University of Massachusetts Amherst Founded in 1863 as Land Grant University
Flagship of 5 campus UMass System
Students – 20,540; 5,820 graduate students
Faculty – 1,180
Academic environment• 87 bachelor’s degree programs• 73 master’s degree programs• 53 doctoral programs
Research• Over $140 million / year
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University Libraries FY ‘08
Over 3.5 million volumes
43,906 journals subscriptions
Almost $16 million in total expenditures • Over $6.5 million in materials• $7.5 million in staff salaries• $1.7 million in operating budget
190 full time librarians, staff and students• 56 professional staff
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Scholarly Communication Crisis
Traditional modes
• Journals in the sciences• Monographs in the humanities
“Crisis” of 1990s
• Spiraling publishing costs, especially journals• Increasing amount of digital research and scholarship• Lack of access• Need to collect and preserve this material
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CPI up 57%CPI up 57%
Average serial price up 227%Average serial price up 227%
Average book price up 65%Average book price up 65%
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Exploration of New Models
Institutional digital repositories• Unified open access to and preservation of the
electronic collections of works of members of the institution’s community
Open access journals• Journals available at no cost to end user• May or not be refereed • Typically available in electronic format
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Sabbatical Research
I wish I had pictures here of all the places I went!
BUT
Let’s talk about what I found out, shall we
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Institutional Repositories – What are they?
“a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members.”
- Clifford Lynch, ARL Bimonthly Report 226, Feb. 2003.
“digital collections that capture and preserve the intellectual output of university communities”
- Ryam Crowe, Case for Institutional Repositories, SPARC, 2002
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Benefits of an IR
Common formats Uniform structures Searching and linking from other sources Data accessible, easy to use Integration with other resources Easy to develop new tools Move scholarly communication forward Enhance professional visibility
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Core Features
Content defined by institution Digital content in a variety of formats Community focus Institutional support Durable, permanent content Enhanced access and discovery Faculty researcher pages Authoring tools End-user functionality
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Core Functionality
Material submission, ingest Metadata application Access control Discovery support Dissemination of content Preservation, durability, storage Batch loading Indexing based on OAI
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Challenges
Getting content into the IR Developing policies Funding and business models Legal issues Preservation
7 Lessons learned from sabbatical
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Possible Content
Research materials• Doctoral dissertations, theses, honors projects• Working papers, journal articles, raw data files
Teaching materials• Learning objects • Preprints• Audio and video materials • E portfolios
Other scholarly work
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Policy Development
Services provided Content acquisition and management Preservation and access
• Industry standards and best practices• Example: CLOCKSS
Rights management and legal issues• Copyright• Intellectual property
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Funding and Business Models
Wide variety, many informal• Special initiative supported by the library • Costs absorbed in library operating budget• Regular budget line item of institution's library• Grant awarded by an external source• Special initiative supported by central
administration • Special initiative supported by institution's
archives
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Seven Lessons Learned
Communications Planning Recruit early adopters Provide talking points Staffing considerations Content submission Publicity and marketing
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What’s Next? Why Consider This?
Proactive response to scholarly communication and open access issues
Showcase for scholars and institution Ease of use by faculty and researchers Long-term preservation, persistent urls Wide dissemination of intellectual output More frequent citations
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Why Libraries? Why Librarians?
“In general, librarians lead the IR effort in all stages of IR development.” – Soo Young Rieh• Library role as steward of scholarship• Collection development expertise• Liaison role with faculty• Center of expertise on metadata• Commitment to long-term preservation• Complementarity of repository and licensed
digital materials
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From Mary Anne Kennan’s article:
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Opportunities
Visibility and citation impact factor
Use, re-use, and re-purposing of scholarly materials, all at no cost to end user
Digitally archive work with permanent url
Wide variety of content and formats
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Visibility (Steve Lawrence, 2001)
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Citation Impact Factor
Antelman, Kristin. “Do Open-Access Articles Have a Greater Research Impact”http://www.la-press.com/include/Antelman.pdf
Eysenbach, Gunther. “Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles” http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157&ct=1
Lawrence, Steve. “Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact”. Nature 411, 521 (31 May 2001)
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Exploration of New Models - Revisited
Institutional digital repositories• Unified open access to and preservation of the
electronic collections of works of members of the institution’s community
Open access journals• Journals available at no cost to end user• May or not be refereed • Typically available in electronic format
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Action Steps for Faculty
From Create Change website http://createchange.org
1. Manage copyright / retain author rights2. Select journals and publishers with open
access-friendly policies http://doaj.org3. Prefer open access grant agencies when
seeking funding4. Self-archive in local IR or subject repository
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1. Manage Copyright
Retain Author Rights http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/• Reproduction• Distribution• Public performance• Modification of original work
Modify publisher contracts• SPARC Authors Addendum http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.html• Creative Commons licenseshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/
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2. Publish in Open Access Journals
Determine open access journals in your field http://doaj.org
Investigate current publisher policies• Sherpa / RoMEO website
http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php• Publisher websites
Faculty roles• Author• Editor / Editorial board /• Peer reviewer
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3. Open Access Funding Agencies
National Science Foundationhttp://www.nsf.gov/nsb/documents/2000/
nsb00106/nsb00106.htm
National Institutes of Healthhttp://publicaccess.nih.gov/ Wellcome Trust
http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD002766.html
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4. Self Archive
Institutional Digital Repositories• Directory of Open Access Repositories
http://opendoar.org• My example - ScholarWorks @ UMass Amherst
http://[email protected]
Disciplinary Repositories• arXiv.org http://arxiv.org/• RePEc http://repec.org/• Other examples
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Our Contributors!
Faculty and researchers Graduate and Honors students Archivists and Librarians University Press Academic Offices • Office of Research• Office of Outreach• Cooperative Extension
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Successful Content Recruitment Strategies
Working one-on-one with early adopters Word-of-mouth from early adopters to their
colleagues Mandating deposit of dissertations, theses,
honors projects Mandating deposit of research results from
internal institutional grants Working with Partners
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Other Library Partners
Special Collections and University Archives http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/
Slide Library supported Art History DepartmentMerged with Library (2005)http://www.library.umass.edu/icl
New Roles New Services Trends
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Concluding Remarks
David Shulenburger, Closing Keynote, SPARC Digital Repositories Meeting, November 2008. Transcript, available at http://www.arl.org/sparc/ir08 - Value of digital repositories:
“building interest in the scholarship of a specific faculty member as measured by citations”
“enhance the reputation of the institution with funding agencies”
“enable the institution to fully understand the breadth and depth of the work in which faculty are engaged”
“preserve scholarship that otherwise might be lost” And more…
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Conclusion
Why the library in new roles and partnerships?
• Transition to digital collections• Highlighting what is unique, but of value to other
scholars and making it accessible• Utilize existing skills in organizing, and providing access• Enhancing the value of the library by contributing to the
mission of the institution• Value to institution, and to the wider scholarly
community
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Thank you
Contact information:
Marilyn BillingsScholarly Communication LibrarianUniversity LibrariesUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, [email protected]