case study ce40-a1
TRANSCRIPT
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MAPÚA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY School of Civil, Environmentl, n! Geolo"icl En"ineerin"
FEASI#ILITY STU$Y
ENGINEE%ING ECONOMY CE&'(A.
SU#MITTE$ #Y
ATIAN, LYSA *ANE $+$IONISIO, CHA%ISSE ELAINE /+
GALACAN, PAUL *OSEPH #+G%ACIA, PAULINE G+
PAGULAYAN, $UANE CA%LO A+
TI#AYAN, *OHN MICHAEL $+
SU#MITTE$ TO
ENG%+ %ICHES S+ #ACE%O
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AUGUST .')&
E0ECUTI/E SUMMA%Y
The name of the company is ASHMIX Incorporated, ASH came from the
word “bottom ash” and Mix is the technical classication of the process by
which we manfactre or prodct! "irst of all, we are a company en#a#ed in
the prpose of sin# as raw material “$ottom Ash” in ready mix asphalt %
sed mainly in road constrction! It is a “pioneerin#” company % bein# the
rst e&er here in or contry to flly tili'e bottom ash and as ller in aready mix asphalt not to mention that we are also the rst e&er in the
contry to bild an Asphalt Mix plant based mostly on the characteristics of
bottom ash, as opposed to other companies here in the contry % some of
which are &ery old and therefore their machinery and e(ipment are ot of
date, manfactre only the traditional form of Asphalt mix!
The company)s aim is to prodce and spply the local mar*et and
+-H pro.ects in road constrction and rehabilitation most probably in the
/A0A$A1234 5/a&ite, 0a#na, $atan#as and 6e'on7 pro&inces in the
Manila the same (ality bt at lower cost on 8exible pa&in# materials from
the solid waste of $atan#as /oal "ired Thermal ower lant 5$/"T7! The
company will be #ettin# its main raw materials from the $/T" which
prodces a total of 9!: tons per hor frnace bottom ash! The plant will be
located at $r#y! ;mamela, $alayan, $atan#as % a mnicipal pro&ince where
their primary sorce of li&elihood is shin#, its only 9!
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company that prodce ready % mix asphalt, we too ha&e or own .ob % mixin#
formla which bottom ash yield a #reater percenta#e by wei#ht!
The plant land area is >!< hectares in which the plant location is #ood
eno#h for the company to expect prots since the nearby pro&inces in this
area or e&en $atan#as pro&ince where it is located are schedled by the
+epartment of blic -or*s and Hi#hways for road constrction and
de&elopment! -ith re#ards to the tilities, electricity and water spply will
not be able a problem since electricity is spplied by the $atan#as ?lectric
/ooperati&e 5$ATA0?/7, and water will come from the deep well #enerated a
water pmp! The place is normally peacefl and roads from the sorces of
raw materials are accessible e&en for the deli&eries of or sppliers and to
or cstomers!
Then socio economic stdy shows the contribtion of the company to
the commnity, people % the plant will be located at $r#y! ;mamela,
$alayan, $atan#as @ a mnicipal pro&ince where their primary sorce of
li&elihood is shin#, as well as to the waste, problem of the $atan#as /oal %
"ired Thermal ower lant! The company)s aim is to #ain prots that will not
be benecial to the company alone bt also to the people residin# in the
&icinity where or plant is located! Income tax will be helpfl for the
mnicipal pro.ects! Same with the employment which the company)s aim is
to concentrate its labor force alon# its plant &icinity! This wold not totally
phase % bt the nmber of nemployed bt it can lessen them, the company
will be e(ipped with di=erent polltion control de&ices that its waste wold
not a=ect the people residin# in the said town!
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INT%O$UCTION
-aste disposal is still an nresol&ed isse in the hilippines! $ottom@
ash, the prodct of coal combstion, contribtes to the bl* problem of this
problem not only as #arba#e bt to the extent of its ad&erse e=ect on the
health of the people li&in# near a coal@red thermal power plant! -e, at
ASHMix 5Asphalt@Mix7 Incorporated, ha&e fond a way to shift this liability
into an asset!
The technolo#y is .st arond the corner! -e are tili'in# what is
basically a waste stream in the prodction of economic and (ality ready@mixasphalt!
?n#ineers Alex $inas, 4orman /abate, ;erlynn4ie&a, Alcin Soriano and
Sei#fried Br#en Tan(intic are wor*in# collaborati&ely on ways to breathe
new life into a by@prodct of coal combstion!
GENE%AL $ESC%IPTION
#ottom A1h
-hen coal is pl&eri'ed to the consistency of powder, blown into the
boiler and brned, two by@prodcts are #enerated! The ne, particlate
matter rises with the 8e #ases and is collected by electrostatic
precipitators! This is called 8y ash! The lar#er particles and fsed particles
fall to the bottom and are called bottom ash!
$ottom ash is a #ranlar material with the same pper and lower
particle si'e limits as concrete sand! It is an#lar in shape and ran#es in
color from a medim brown or medim #ray to almost blac*! $ottom ash is
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an abndant, economical and technically &iable alternati&e for the
hilippines) natral resorces!
$ottom ash refers to part of the non@combstible resides of
combstion! In an indstrial context, it sally refers to coal combstion and
comprises traces of combstibles embedded in formin# clin*ers and stic*in#
to hot side walls of a coal@brnin# frnace drin# its operation! The portion of
the ash that escapes p the chimney or stac* is, howe&er, referred to as 8y
ash!
SOCIAL ASPECTS
The socio economic stdy shows the contribtion of the company to
the commnity, people the plant will be located at $r#y! ;mamela $alayan,
$atan#as % a mnicipal pro&ince where their primary sorce of li&elihood is
shin#, as well as to the waste problem of the $atan#as /oal % "ired Thermal
ower lant! The company)s aim is to #ain prots that will not be benecial
to the company alone bt also to the people residin# in the &icinity where
or plant is located! Income tax will be helpfl for the mnicipal pro.ects!
Same with the employment which the company)s aim is to concentrate its
labor force alon# its plant &icinity! This wold not totally phase % bt the
nmber of nemployed bt it can lessen them! The company will be
e(ipped with di=erent polltion control de&ices that its waste wold not
a=ect the people residin# in the said town!
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MANAGEMENT ASPECTS
A!mini1trtion
Generl Mn"erHe is the one responsible for the formlation of the plans and pro#rams
of the company! He sees to it that the company)s ob.ecti&es are deliberated
&ery well! He de&ices plans, to execte the planned ob.ecti&e eCciently! He is
the o&erseer of the ins and ots of the di=erent fnctions of the company! He
carries ot diCclt di&ision whene&er crisis arises in the company!
E2ec3tive Secretr4 n! Secretr4?xecti&e secretary ser&es as the ri#ht hand of the #eneral mana#er!
0i*e all other secretaries, he handles the mintes of the meetin# and ta*es
note of the a#enda that was discssed drin# the meetin#! 3ne secretary is
needed for each di&ision head, to remind them of their appointments and
meetin#s!
Per1onnel Mn"er
He is responsible for all the hman resorce acti&ities of the company!
He handles .ob inter&iews of screened applicants and trains the applicants as
well!
Per1onnel Cler5
Their fnction is to hold the records of the employees with their
benet, time *eepin# and facilitates hirin# of wor*ers!
Finnce Mn"er
He is responsible for the nancial control of the company! He ensres
proper se of fnds and proper allocation of nancial acti&ities!
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Acco3ntin" Cler5
He assists the nance mana#er in the chec*in# and balancin# of the
company)s nancial acti&ities! At least two accontin# cler*s are needed to
prepare the company)s nancial statement!
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
lant 0ocation
The proposed plant site is located at $r#y! ;mamela, $alayan
$atan#as, a place where road constrction and de&elopment are hi#hly
needed! It is 9!< *ilometers dri&e away from the $atan#as /oal@"ired Thermal
ower lant 54ational ower /orporation7 and : *ilometer dri&e away from
the enta A##re#ates /orporation which is or main sorce of raw materials!
The total land area is >!< hectares! The $atan#as ?lectric /ooperati&e
will spply electricity and water spply will be a&ailable from deep well,#enerated by water pmp!
0ist of lant ?(ipment and SpecicationsD
>! /old $in
• TypeD sin#le clamshell, steel type
• /apacityD 9E tons
•
+imensionsD F) x :) openin#G! Incline /on&eyor
• +imensionD >Em x >m
• /apacityD >GE tonshr
! Tnnel /on&eyor
• +imensionsD >m
• /apacity >GE tonshr
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J! 1otary
• TypeD Steel type cylinder with blade scrapper
• +imensionsD 9) x E)) cylinder inclined at J< de#rees
• G Hp motor
• TypeD ?le&ator with steel casin# and steel bc*et• /apacityD >GE tonshr
• $c*et Spacin# of >G))
• < Hp motor
9! +ryer
• +iameter x len#th 5mm7D G>EE x 9EEE
• TypeD /ylindrical rotary steel tbe with JE Hp motor
F! $rner
• TypeD 0ow pressre fel oil atomi'in# type with ato li#htin#
de&ice
• /apacity 53il consmption7D 9EE litershr:! $lower 5brner7
• TypeD Trbo blower type
• /apacityD FE c! m min x >GEEmm
K! Libratory Screens
• TypeD Inclined circlar &ibratin# type
• /apacityD >GE tonshr
>E! Hot $ins
• TypeD Steel Type F) x :) openin#
• /apacityD 9E tonshr
>>! #mill Mixer
• TypeD twin Shaft .ac*eted p#mill type with 9E Hp motor
• /apacityD 9E tonshr
>G! -ei#h Hopper
• TypeD Scaled with hydralic cylinders and lbricatin# hose
o 5asphalt connectors and control console7
• /apacityD G tons
• +imensionsD K x K))
• -ei#htD GG,EEElbs
>! Asphalt Spray
• TypeD Hydralically operated with spray pmp motor
• E Hp motor
• /apacityD :EE littersmin>J! Asphalt "ill
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• TypeD Sprin#less dial scale, hydralic &al&e control
• +ri&en by a < Hp motor
>
• TypeD Steel tbe connected at the dryer
• +imensionD 9)) diameter x 9! -et /ollector -ater Scrbber• TypeD 3rice Scrbber
• Si'eD +iameter x len#th of separator 5G,9FE mm x KEEE mm7
>F! $a# "ilter
• TypeD +ry ba# lter 5lse Air Type7
• ModelD @KG
• Si'eD +iameter x len#th 5GJG mm x 9>>E mm7
• +st collection erformanceD E!> to E!EG ;4 c!m
>:! Smo*e Stoc*• TypeD /oncrete cylindrical tbe connected at the water scrbber
• +imensionsD K! Settlin# ond Sld#e an
• Si'eD >E s(! m
GE! Hot Asphalt /ement Tan*
• TypeD Hori'ontal, cylindrical type with inslation co&er
• ModelD AT@E
• /apacityD :EE,EE *calhr
G>! /old Asphalt /ement Tan*
• TypeD Steel type, cylindrical in form• +imensionD >< ft 5hei#ht7 and >E ft 5diameter7
GG! "el@3il Tan*
• TypeD Lertical cylindrical type
• /apacityD >E,EEE litters
G! Heater
• TypeD Hori'ontal tblar boiler
• ModelD 3H$@>
• /apacityD :EE,EEE *calhr
GJ! #mill Hydralic /ontrol anel
•
"ll atomatic control, one channel, and n#ertip psh bttonswitch operation! ?(ipped with dry, wet timer and batch
conter!G
• /apacityD +iameter x len#th 5>,F
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• /apacityD FE c!mmin x >,GEE mm
GF! Air /ompressor
• TypeD Atomatic nloadin# type
• /apacityD >,GEE littermin
• Max! ressreD F *#s( !min
G:! -ater Tan*
• TypeD ;ra&ity type, stainless
• /apacityD >E,EEE litters
GK! mp
• TypeD /entrif#al type
• owerD >!< *-
Pro!3ction Metho!1
Stoc*piled of a##re#ates of si'e >J)), :)) and bottom ash are fed into
the cold bins! After bein# stoc*ed to the cold bins, they are transported to
the dryer one at a time by means of a tnnel con&eyor and incline con&eyor!
A##re#ates passin# the drier are heated at a re(ired temperatre of EE
de#rees "ahrenheit eno#h to remo&e the excess moistre! +ried a##re#ates
pass thro#h the dst collector in order to remo&e dst before bein#
screened and stoc* in the hot bins! Some of dst collected is bo#ht bac* to
the drier while the other is bo#ht bac* to the wet collector, and sld#e is
reco&ered 5considered as waste7!
A##re#ates from the drier are transported to the #radation is
transported by means of hot bc*et ele&ator! In the #radation nit, dried
a##re#ates are bein# re.ected to a chte down the plant for disposal!
;raded a##re#ates and bottom ash are when wei#hed in accordance
with the prepared desi#n mix comin# from the laboratory and then dmped
into a p# mill mixer, simltaneosly with hot asphalt cement with a
temperatre of abot G
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FEE$
@ $ottom Ash
@ /on&entional A##re#ates
@ "iller
OPTIMUM ASPHALT CONTENT
%EA$Y MI0 ASPHALT CONC%ETE
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Fee! Percent 64
7ei"ht
7ei"ht8l619
$ottom ash !< KJ9
J)) A##re#ates G>!< KJ9
3ptimm asphalt content F E:
Total feed >EE JJEE
Totl C:cit4 of the Plnt
9E tons per hor
> $atch N > hor operation
Plnt C:cit4 n! Sche!3le
The plant has a maximm capacity of >GE tons per hor or G tons per
batch! $atch is e(i&alent to one minte operations! It is a batch type hot@
mix plant! EO of the total plant capacity is the tar#et prodction for the rst
year of operation and will mo&e p
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INPUTS
Electricl Con13m:tion
A+ Plnt E;3i:ment
Total power installedD 5standard7 5modelD 4>F!FG months N year
N >,F!hp x FJ9P- x > P- x :hrs xG9 days x >G months N
GJGE!9G
>hp >EEE- day >month year
GJ9E!9G x 9 N>J, P- x < hrs x G9 days x >G months
>EEE- day month year
N , >
! Telefax Machine
>E< w x> P- x G hrs x G9 days x >G months N 9
>EEE- day month year
N G>E!KF
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J! Xerox machine
JEE w x > *w x G hrs x G9 days x >G months N GJK!< P-@hrx !GG
>EEE- day month year
N:E!F>G
C+ Li"ht1
roperty lines 9 pcs % 59Ewatts7 N 9E watts
Administration G pcs % 5JE watts7 N KGE watts
Maintenance J pcs % 5JE watts7 N >9E wattsG pcs % 59E watts7 N >GE watts
6!/! 0aboratory < pcs % 5JE watts7 N GEE watts
pcs % 59E watts7 N >:E watts
lant >E pcs % 59E watts7 N 9EE watts
N >JE watts
>JE w x > *w x : hrs x G9 days x >G months N F,:F!JJ
P-@hryr>EEE- day month year
N F,:F!JJ P-@hryr x !GG N G.
F3el Con13m:tion
A+ #n5er Oil
$rnerD /apacity 9EE literhr
9EElitersx : hrs x G9 days x >G months N >,JKF,9EE liyr x
hr > day month year
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N :,F:E,>GK!G:
#+ $ie1el Oil
< dmp trc* x >EEli x G9 days x >G months N >,GEE li
> day month year
N >,GEE li x < N >,:,FGE
> pay loader N GEEli x G9days x >G mo N 9G,JEE x :!:F li
TotalD >,KF,GE:
SUMMA%Y
?lectricity >,:G9,J>
"el
$an*er :,F:E,>GK!G:
+iesel >,KF,GE:
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• Mixin# TemperatreD G
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Com:ri1on of Pro:ertie1 of A1:hltD
Pro:ertie1 #ottom A1h Conventionl
color blac* blac*
stability >:EE lb force >:GE lb force
air &oids O to 9 *#m J!>: *#m
Com:ri1on of #ottom A1h 1 ller "in1t Lime1n! FillerD
S:ecic "rvit4 H.O A61or:tion
$ottom Ash G! >!
0ime G!9< >!>
LONG TE%M $E/ELOPMENT PLAN OF $EPA%TMENT OF PU#LIC
7O%-S AN$ HIGH7AYS FO% %EGION I/BA 8)>B.''>9
/alamba@ Ta#aytay$dry! 1d! 9!F 9>
Ta#aytay@0a#na &ia
/alamba /armonaJ!9 JG
+asmarinas@/armona 1oad !E5J lane7 >>E
4aic@ Mara#ondon@Paylabne >>!E5J lane7 JJE
Marcos Hi#hway 51i'al7
G9!
>9!9
>9!E
GK
>
>J>
Marcos Hi#hway 56e'on7 JE!E 9
0cban@Sampaloc@Maban@
ortroad
J!
9!9
K
[email protected]@1i'al@ > >F
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4a#carlan %/alaan
1d!
:!<
K!K
!F
FF
KJ
J
$aler@/asi#ran 1d!5Arora7 >E!:5J lane7
! 5J lane7
G9!J5J lane7
KG
K9
>G>
K9K
/a&ite@$atan#as 1oad
5A#inaldo7
KF>
GK
"amy Bet@1i'al $dry 1d!>!E
F!>
>>:
9J
Manila@?ast 1oadGE!>9
;maca@ito#o@Mlanay@
San4arciso 1oad
F
>!F
9::
E>
0ipa@San ablo 1oad
>:!E5J lane7 99>Manila@$atan#as 1d!50a#na7
E!F5J lane7 G9
Manila@$atan#as 1d!
5$atan#as7
:!J5J lane7
G!>5J lane7
G!E5J lane7
F!G5J lane7
E:
FF
F
G9J
Manila@$atan#as 1d! 50ipa7G!>!J5J lane7 J>:
1i'al $dry@/alamba 1d!G>!> 5J lane7!< 5J lane7
FF<>G:
San ablo /ity >!G 5J lane7 J:<
Alaminos Section :!: 5J lane7 G
San ablo@Tiaon#@Tayabas@
0cenaJ!9 5J lane7 >GFE
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0cena@a#bilao@/alaa#@
$icol $dry
>G!< 5J lane7
>>E!K 5J lane7
J/alaa#@Tab#on@
Ta#*awayan
/amarines Sr 1oad
>:! >99
TOTAL LENGT OF P!O"E#T OF $P% &N !EG&ON &'(A &N )&LOMETE!*:
).' 5ilometer1
TOTAL E*T&MATE$ P!O"E#T #O*T OF LONG TE!M $E'ELOPMENT PLAN
$P% &N !EG&ON &'(A:
.),.@ #illion1
*ource:
$epartment of Pu+,ic %orks and igh-a.s
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FINANCIAL ASPECTS
MACHINES AN$ EUIPMENTSPLANT
EUIPMENTS
UANTIT Y
P%ICE(UNIT
TOTALP%IC
EUSEFUL
LIFE$EP%ECIATI
ON/old bin G EE,EEE!EE 9EE,EEE!EE >E 9E,EEE!EEIncline
/on&eyor >
>,>EE,EEE!
EE
>,>EE,EEE!
EE >E >>E,EEE!EE
+ryer >E :E,EEE!EE
$lower > EE,EEE!EE EE,EEE!EE >E E,EEE!EELibratory
screens > 9EE,EEE!EE 9EE,EEE!EE >E 9E,EEE!EE
hot bin 9EE,EEE!EE
>,:EE,EEE!
EE >E >:E,EEE!EEp#mill
mixer >
E J:E,EEE!EEasphalt
spray >
G,EEE,EEE!
EE
G,EEE,EEE!
EE >E GEE,EEE!EE
asphalt ll >
>,,E > JEE,EEE!EE JEE,EEE!EE >E JE,EEE!EEwet
collec
tor >
>,,E > 9EE,EEE!EE 9EE,EEE!EE >E 9E,EEE!EE
smo*e stc* > GEE,EEE!EE >EE,EEE!EE >E >E,EEE!EEhot asphalt
cement tan* > E E,EEE!EE
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cement tan*
fel oil tan* G G GEE,EEE!EE GEE,EEE!EE >E GE,EEE!EE
exhast pan > F
'
$ELI/E%Y EUIPMEN
TSUANTIT
Y P%ICE(UNI
T
TOTALP%IC
EUSEFUL
LIFE$EP%ECIATI
ON
ser&ice cars ,E >E :EE,EEE!EE
:,EEE,EEE!
EE >E :EE,EEE!EEwei#hin#
scale < >E,EEE!EE E E,EEE!EE E,EEE!EE >< G,EEE!EEmoistre
balance > >>E,EEE!EE >>E,EEE!EE GE
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balance1efracto
meter > >:E,EEE!EE >:E,EEE!EE GE K,EEE!EE
refri#erator > >,EEE!EE >,EEE!EE >< >,EE!EE&acm
o&en > >E,EEE!EE >E,EEE!EE >< 9 >K,:JE!EE >K,:JE!EE GE :EG!EE&acm
pmp >J hp > >< >,E9F!EE
compter G E,EEE!EE 9E,EEE!EE >E :,EEE!EE
printer > F,EEE!EE F,EEE!EE >E FEE!EE
telephone > ,EEE!EE ,EEE!EE >E EE!EE
exhast fan > 9,EEE!EE 9,EEE!EE >E GEE!EEair@
conditionin#
nits G E,9K!EE 9>,GF:!EE >E :,>G:!EE
TOTAL?@',))>+'
' &&,&'&+''
OFFICEEUIPMEN
TSUANTIT
Y P%ICE(UNI
T
TOTALP%IC
EUSEFUL
LIFE$EP%ECIATI
ON Bnior
execti&e
chairs G,EEE!EE 9,EEE!EE >E 9EE!EE Bnior
?xecti&e
tables G,,EEE!EE >E,EEE!EE >E >,EEE!EE
clerical table >E >,E >,EE,EEE!EEtelephone
nits >E
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radios
sofa bed > ,9F!EE/onference
des* > >E,EEE!EE >E,EEE!EE >E >,EEE!EE/onference
chairs < >,EEE!EE E < 9F!EE
wall cloc*s 9 GEE!EE >,GEE!EE < GJE!EE
exhast fan J ,EEE!EE >G,EEE!EE < G,JEE!EE"ire
extin#isher
s >< G,,>.&+''
MULTIBME$I
AEUIPMEN
TSUANTIT
Y P%ICE(UNI
T
TOTALP%IC
EUSEFUL
LIFE$EP%ECIATI
ON3&erhead
pro.ector G >E ,EEE!EEsond
systems > GE,EEE!EE GE,EEE!EE < J,EEE!EE
tele&ision G GE,EEE!EE JE,EEE!EE >E J,EEE!EE
TOTAL ','''+'' )),'''+''
OFFICESUPPLIES
UANTIT Y
P%ICE(UNIT
TOTALP%IC
E
USEFULLIFE
$EP%ECIATION
calclator >E :EE!EE :,EEE!EE < >,9EE!EE
stapler >E shredder G >E ,EEE!EE
bond paper5per rim7 J,EEE!EE
ballpen EE!EE
eraser GE J!EE :E!EE > :E!EE
sharpener >E F 9G
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5per box7
pncher < :E!EE JEE!EE < :E!EEpair of
scissors >E GE!EE GEE!EE G >EE!EE
scotch tape GE GE!EE JEE!EE > JEE!EE
mas*in# tape GE FEE!EEli(id eraser GE 9E!EE >,GEE!EE > >,GEE!EE
folder
en&elope >E > >,9EE!EE > >,9EE!EE
TOTAL @J,.@@+'' ..,>)'+''
MAINTENAN
CEEUIPMENT UANTIT Y P%ICE(UNIT
TOTAL
P%ICE
USEFUL
LIFE $EP%ECIATIONalarm system G ,EEE!EE 9,EEE!EE >E 9EE!EE
tool box < >,EEE!EE E ,E 9EE!EEhose*eepin#
materials >E
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TOTAL PLANTEUIPMENT >,EEE,EEE
TOTAL LA#O%ATO%Y EUIPMENT 9>:
TOTAL OFFICEEUIPMENT >,EKF,>E<
oCce e(ipment :JG,GEE
mlti@media KE,EEE
maintenance :F,EEE
medical spplies GE,9
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GENE%AL CONCLUSION
-ith the se of $ottom Ash, /on&entional A##re#ates, and 3ptimm
Asphalt /ontent, will formlate this 1eady Mix Asphalt /oncrete! The
prodction of this 1eady Mix /oncrete will be benecial for the hilippines
and the "ilipinos as well becase this will be for the betterment of the roads
and constrction here in the hilippines! This will also help alle&iate the
nemployment here in the hilippines with the prodction of this prodct!
This 1eady Mix Asphalt /oncrete is &ery essential in rehabilitation and
de&elopment of the transportation roads, par*in# ways and other indstrial
constrction here in the hilippines! The tili'ation of the $ottom Ash willhelp minimi'e the problem of waste mana#ement here in the hilippines!
This prodct also helps other companies that prodce $ottom Ash as waste
by tili'in# it as one of the raw materials in the prodction of the 1eady Mix
Asphalt! Since this 1eady Mix /oncrete costs lower than any other cement,
the +epartment of blic -or*s and Hi#hways can se this prodct, with the
same e=ect as the ordinary concrete in the mar*et!