Case study 1

JOANA NOOR RASHIDAHSHAHIDAH WAN NORHIDAYAHNADIA NABILANURLIYANA

The Case

A previously healthy 4-year-old girl presented with a 2-day history of severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Her symptoms began with severe pain in the mid to upper abdomen by alternating episodes of vomiting and nonbloody diarrhea. Laboratory diagnosis show urease positive. Gram stain and culture show curved gram-negative rod

Symptoms

severe nausea vomiting diarrhea (nonbloody diarrhea ) abdominal pain severe pain mid to upper abdomen

Causative Agent

microaerobic

Gram negative

Urease positive

motile

multiple unipolar-sheathed flagella

Curved rod

shape

microaerophilic

Helicobacter pylori

Mode transmission

Fecal-oral spread

PATHOGENESIS

The Vac A cytotoxin produce protein cause

vacuole.

Vacuole cause pore

formation in human

cells

cagA gene product

injected in host cell

Changes in host cell signaling

Lab diagnosis Endoscopy Urease test of biopsy relatively

sensitive and highly specific . Urea breath test. ELISA Fecal Antigen Test

TREATMENT & PREVENTION Antibiotic Surgery Become more hygienic Avoid uncooked / undercook food