case studies on recent fires · case studies - lorong 4 geylang room 1 room 2 room 9 room 8 room 7...

47964973

5236

4600 4470

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

No.

of

Fir

es

Year

FSM Briefing 2015

Fire Statistics for 2014

&

Case Studies on Recent Fires

MAJ Andy Choo B.Eng(Mech), CFEI, CVFI, GIFireE

Team Leader | Fire Investigation Unit | Operations Department

SCOPE

- Fire Stats of Singapore (2014) • Commercial

• Industrial

- Case Studies • Fire at Sungei Kadut St 6

• Fire at Lorong 4 Geylang

FIRE STATISTICS Total no. of Fires Responded to by SCDF

5236

4600 4470 4485 4136

4724

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

▼ 349 cases

▼ 7.8%

Year

4724

▼ 636 cases

▼ 12.1%

▼ 130 cases

▼ 2.8%

▲ 15 cases

▲ 0.3%

▲ 588 cases

▲ 14.2%

2014

Lowest Annual Fire Record in 2 Decades

2,952

533 651

2,888

565

1,271

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Fires In Residential Premises(Public & Private)

Fires In Non-Residential Premises( Commercial, Industrial, Social &

Communal)

Fires In Non-Building places (eg.vegetation, rubbish in open

space , vehicles on road)

2013 2014

Breakdown of Fires by Type of Premises

FIRE STATISTICS

Commercial, Industrial, Social & Communal

Fires in Commercial Premises

331

309

294

328

284 277

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

No

. of

Fire

s

Year

▼ 22 cases

▼ 6.6%

▼ 15 cases

▼ 4.9%

▲ 34 cases

▲ 11.6%

2014

▼ 44 cases

▼ 13.4%

277

FIRE STATISTICS

▼ 7 cases

▼ 2.5%

83

38 36

67 58

29

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Eating Establishments Shopping Complexes Offices

2013 2014

FIRE STATISTICS Breakdown of Fires in Commercial Premises

Fires in Eating Establishments

83

67

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Eating Establishments

▼ 16

Kitchen Exhaust Duct Fires

FIRE STATISTICS Breakdown of Fires in Commercial Premises

38

58

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Shopping Complexes

▲ 20

Fires in Industrial Premises

140

160

176

145 141

173

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

No

. o

f Fir

es

Year

173

▲ 20 cases

▲ 14.3%

▲ 16 cases

▲ 10.0%

▼ 31 cases

▼ 17.6%

2014

▼ 4 cases

▼ 2.75%

▲ 32 cases

▲ 22.7%

FIRE STATISTICS

FIRE STATISTICS Breakdown of Fires in Industrial Premises

Top Cause:

Electrical Origin

• 51 cases (29.4%)

FIRE STATISTICS Prevention of Electrical Fires


Switch ‘OFF’ at the wall

sockets!


Publications

FIRE STATISTICS Fire Analysis Reports (FAR)


7pm – 8pm 5am – 6am


Air Cons

Problematic Electrical Splice

FIRE STATISTICS

Publications

Fire Analysis Reports (FAR)

Fire Injuries in Singapore

127

143

165

199

162

0

50

100

150

200

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Year

No

. of

Per

son

s

▲ 16 persons

▲ 22 persons

▲ 34 persons

▼ 37 cases

▼ 51 cases

2014

111

FIRE STATISTICS

Fire Injuries in Singapore

FIRE STATISTICS

67

95

47

64

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Smoke Inhalation Fire Injuries

2013

2014

▼ 20

▼ 31

Fire Fatalities in Singapore

0 0

4

1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

4

Year

No

. o

f P

erso

ns

2014

8

FIRE STATISTICS

0 0

4

1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

4

Year

No

. o

f P

erso

ns

2014

8

FIRE STATISTICS

Residential Fire at

Marina Bay Suites on

13 January

(2 fatalities)

Fire Fatalities in Singapore

• Residential Fire at Woodlands Crescent

on 10 June (1 fatality)

• Factory Fire at Sungei Kadut Street 6

on 17 August (1 fatality)

• Shophouse Fire at Lorong 4 Geylang

on 6 December (4 fatalities)

Fire Fatalities in 2014

Sungei Kadut St 6

17 August, 9:50am

CASE STUDIES -

Tentage

Container Office Conta

iner

Container

Container Office

Container Office

2-s

tore

y

Conta

iner

Offic

e

Juz Design & Build Pte Ltd

Glitter Wood Glass Pte Ltd & Master Glass Kitchen

Leong Electrical Contractor

Conta

ine

r Conta

iner

Cages of fluorescent

tubes

Main office

Switch room

Guard Post

Metal racks of various goods

(Furniture, display booths,

etc.)


(Furniture, display booths, etc.)

Tins of solvents, varnishes, etc.

Metal racks of various electrical equipment and

machinery

Cage (Empty tins of various solvents

and varnishes)

Ventilation equipment

Racks of glass panels

Metal cage housing a

compressor unit

Pails of paints,

etc.

Compressor units

Work

bench

Shed

Metal racks

(Marble)

Table Saw

Bin

Praying altar

Printer

Portable generator

Metal racks

Metal racks

Metal shelves

Sliding doors

Smoke curtain

Metal rack of glass panels

Racks of various

construction

materials

Air conditioning

condenser unit

Tins of solvents,

varnishes, etc.

Miscellaneous goods

Compressor unit

Main gate

Sid

e

gate

Main Office Building

Portable generators

Praying altar

Rack of wooden boards

Miscellaneous goods, furniture,

etc.

Miscellaneous goods (Furniture, display booths,

etc.)

Display booths, etc.)

Wang Expo Production

Soon Seng Exhibition

Renovation Pte Ltd

Sungei Kadut St 6 CASE STUDIES -

Rear centre

of shed.

More severe

damage here

as compared

to the other

parts of the

shed.


Line of

demarcation Buckling.

Area Of

Fire Origin

Tentage

Container Office

Conta

iner

Container

Container Office

Container Office

2-s

tore

y

Conta

iner

Offic

e


Glitter Wood Glass Pte Ltd & Master

Glass Kitchen

Leong Electrical

Contractor

Conta

iner

Conta

iner


tubes

Main

office

Switch room

Guard

Post

Metal racks of various

goods (Furniture,

display booths, etc.)



etc.)

Tins of solvents, varnishes,

etc.

Metal racks of various electrical

equipment and

machinery

Cage (Empty tins of various solvents and

varnishes)


Racks of glass

panels

Metal cage

housing a compress

or unit

Pails of paints,

etc.

Compressor units

Work

benc

h

Shed

Metal racks (Marbl

e)

Table Saw

Bin

Praying alta

r

Printer

Portable generato

r

Metal racks

Metal racks

Metal shelves

Sliding

doors

Smoke curtain

Metal rack of glass

panels Racks of

various construction

materials

Air conditioni

ng condenser

unit


etc.

Miscellaneous goods

Compressor unit

Main gate

Sid

e

gate


Portable generato

rs

Praying alta

r


Miscellaneous goods,

furniture, etc.


etc.)

Display

booths,

etc.)



Renovation Pte Ltd

W The eyewitness saw

smoke coming out

from this location.

W Location of the

eyewitness

REAR OF SHED

FRONT OF SHED

Tentage

Container Office

Conta

iner

Container

Container Office

Container Office

2-s

tore

y

Conta

iner

Offic

e



Glass Kitchen

Leong Electrical

Contractor

Conta

iner

Conta

iner


tubes

Main

office

Switch room

Guard

Post


goods (Furniture,




etc.)


etc.


equipment and

machinery


varnishes)


Racks of glass

panels

Metal cage

housing a compress

or unit

Pails of paints,

etc.

Compressor units

Work

benc

h

Shed

Metal racks (Marbl

e)

Table Saw

Bin

Praying alta

r

Printer

Portable generato

r

Metal racks

Metal racks

Metal shelves

Sliding

doors

Smoke curtain

Metal rack of glass

panels Racks of


materials

Air conditioni

ng condenser

unit


etc.

Miscellaneous goods

Compressor unit

Main gate

Sid

e

gate


Portable generato

rs

Praying alta

r



furniture, etc.


etc.)

Display

booths,

etc.)



Renovation Pte Ltd

Area Of Fire Origin

Tentage for 7th lunar

month celebration

5 persons spent the

night in the

container office at

this location

REAR OF SHED

FRONT OF SHED

Container Office

Storage

space

above the

Main Office

Building

Workstation

Workstation

Sliding doors

Meeting Room

Glass windows

Meeting Room

Work

station

Work

station

Workstation

Workstation

Work

station

Work

station

Sofa

The others

evacuated via the

staircase and exited

from the front

entrance of the shed.

The

deceased

appeared

disorientated


Container Office


Presence of toluene can result

in mental confusion, impaired

coordination and slowed

movement, which can impair

one’s ability to escape from a

conflagration.

Tentage

Container Office

Conta

iner

Container

Container Office

Container Office

2-s

tore

y

Conta

iner

Offic

e



Glass Kitchen

Leong Electrical

Contractor

Conta

iner

Conta

iner


tubes

Main

office

Switch room

Guard

Post


goods (Furniture,




etc.)


etc.


equipment and

machinery


varnishes)


Racks of glass

panels

Metal cage

housing a compress

or unit

Pails of paints,

etc.

Compressor units

Work

benc

h

Shed

Metal racks (Marbl

e)

Table Saw

Bin

Praying alta

r

Printer

Portable generato

r

Metal racks

Metal racks

Metal shelves

Sliding

doors

Smoke curtain

Metal rack of glass

panels Racks of


materials

Air conditioni

ng condenser

unit


etc.

Miscellaneous goods

Compressor unit

Main gate

Sid

e

gate


Portable generato

rs

Praying alta

r



furniture, etc.


etc.)

Display

booths,

etc.)



Renovation Pte Ltd

W

• Eyewitness self-evacuated

• Did not raise any alarm

• Did not call SCDF

W Location of the

eyewitness

Provide timely information

Heighten awareness -

Know what to do!

REAR OF SHED

FRONT OF SHED

Container Office

Lorong 4 Geylang

6 December, 1:40am

CASE STUDIES -

Lorong 4 Geylang CASE STUDIES -

Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

The affected premises is a 3-storey building (makeshift dormitories).

Fire was only at the 1st storey comprising 10 partitioned rooms.


Fire largely confined to

this common space along

the passageway.

Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay


Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Passageway

Other parts of the unit

sustained heat and

smoke damage.


Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Room 3

Other parts of the unit

sustained heat and

smoke damage.


Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Fluorescent

lighting

Electrical wirings

Ceiling lights

left ‘ON’ all

the time for

illumination. Fluorescent lighting


Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

7 occupants in Room 2 at

the time of the fire.

Peter, Ramu, Maslan, Sapawi, Jubitol, Yusoff and Muslin.


Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Peter checked and saw thick black smoke & a small fire

outside the room.

Maslan told everyone to stay and wait for help.


Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Peter decided to make a run for it.

Sapawi followed Peter.

Both Peter and Sapawi escaped unharmed.


Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Maslan, Ramu, Jubitol, Yusoff and Muslin stayed.

Muslin decided to evacuate subsequently and was

found outside the premises.

He sustained burns and was conveyed to hospital by

SCDF where he recovered.


Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Maslan, Ramu, Jubitol and Yusoff were found lying

motionless.

They were evacuated by SCDF. They were later

pronounced dead.

C.O.D.: Smoke Inhalation.

Room 2

CASE STUDIES -

Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Area

of Fire

Origin

Room 2

Enclosed space

Lorong 4 Geylang

CASE STUDIES -

Area

of Fire

Origin

Smoke could

enter Room 2

Ventilation openings in the wall

slab above door of Room 2.

Room 2

Room 2

Lorong 4 Geylang

Gaps

around

the

door.

Glass

Panel.


Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Peter is only person who saw the fire.

Good appreciation of the

situation!


Room 1

Room 2

Room 9

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6

Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 10

Kitchen

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Pa

ssa

gew

ay

Muslin decided to evacuate subsequently.

Fire would have developed

and be bigger by then.


When Peter and Sapawi evacuated?...

Illustration of Fire Development from NFPA 921 (2014).


When Muslin evacuated?...

Illustration of Fire Development from NFPA 921 (2014).


Reference: NFPA 921 (2014)

35 years old , 30% burns 10% mortality

35 years old , 50% burns 50% mortality

CONCLUSION

- Fire Stats of Singapore (2014)

- Fire Trends

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

020406080

100120

MN

-1am

5am

-6am

10

am-1

1am

3p

m-4

pm

8p

m-9

pm

1am

-2am

6am

-7am

11

am-1

2p

m

4p

m-5

pm

9p

m-1

0p

m

2am

-3am

7am

-8am

12

pm

-1p

m

5p

m-6

pm

10

pm

-11

pm

3am

-4am

8am

-9am

1p

m-2

pm

6p

m-7

pm

11

pm

-MN

CONCLUSION

- Case Studies • Fire at Sungei Kadut St 6

• Fire at Lorong 4 Geylang

Thank you for your attention.

case studies on recent fires · case studies - lorong 4 geylang room 1 room 2 room 9 room 8 room 7...

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