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Case Studies on Achieving Significant Case Studies on Achieving Significant Case Studies on Achieving Significant Case Studies on Achieving Significant
Development in Rural Road ProjectDevelopment in Rural Road ProjectDevelopment in Rural Road ProjectDevelopment in Rural Road Project
Presented By:Presented By:Presented By:Presented By:Mahesh Hiremath,Mahesh Hiremath,Mahesh Hiremath,Mahesh Hiremath,
Chief Operating Officer,Chief Operating Officer,Chief Operating Officer,Chief Operating Officer,
K.R.R.D.A, BangaloreK.R.R.D.A, BangaloreK.R.R.D.A, BangaloreK.R.R.D.A, Bangalore
Dated : 26-08-2014
1. PROFILE:
�Roads play major role in Rural development
� Important sectors like Agriculture, Electrification, Water
supply & sanitation, Health and Road are still under
process of development in India, especially in rural areas.
�These roads are either Track or Earthen having road width
of about 11 links (8 feet) & at the most 22 links (16 feet)
only.
•Connectivity for Poverty reduction strategy
. Good passenger transport facility, good
accessibility to all sphere of life i.e better
education, Health, better marketing facilities for
agriculture development, goods transportation
•Integration with higher category of roads.
ROLE & IMPORTANCE OF RURAL ROADS DEVELOPMENTROLE & IMPORTANCE OF RURAL ROADS DEVELOPMENTROLE & IMPORTANCE OF RURAL ROADS DEVELOPMENTROLE & IMPORTANCE OF RURAL ROADS DEVELOPMENT
3. PLANNING & RURAL ROAD STATISTICAL DETAILS
i.i.i.i. BlockBlockBlockBlock wisewisewisewise (DRRP)(DRRP)(DRRP)(DRRP) ruralruralruralrural roadroadroadroad plansplansplansplans preparedpreparedpreparedprepared....
ii.ii.ii.ii. RoadsRoadsRoadsRoads developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped &&&& improvedimprovedimprovedimproved forforforfor connectivity,connectivity,connectivity,connectivity, upupupup
gradationgradationgradationgradation ofofofof ruralruralruralrural roadsroadsroadsroads donedonedonedone inininin NABARD,NABARD,NABARD,NABARD, PMGSY,PMGSY,PMGSY,PMGSY,
NGNRYNGNRYNGNRYNGNRY &&&& inininin otherotherotherother StateStateStateState fundingfundingfundingfunding schemesschemesschemesschemes....
iii.iii.iii.iii. RuralRuralRuralRural RoadRoadRoadRoad connectivityconnectivityconnectivityconnectivity isisisis proposedproposedproposedproposed totototo bebebebe carriedcarriedcarriedcarried bybybyby
improvingimprovingimprovingimproving thethethethe linklinklinklink Roads,Roads,Roads,Roads, MRLMRLMRLMRL &&&& upgradationupgradationupgradationupgradation ofofofof
RoadsRoadsRoadsRoads (CUCPL)(CUCPL)(CUCPL)(CUCPL)....
iv.iv.iv.iv. PeriodicalPeriodicalPeriodicalPeriodical inventoryinventoryinventoryinventory &&&& updationupdationupdationupdation ofofofof thethethethe existingexistingexistingexisting ruralruralruralrural
roadroadroadroad netnetnetnet workworkworkwork districtdistrictdistrictdistrict &&&& blockblockblockblock wisewisewisewise
RURAL ROAD DETAILS & PERIODICAL IMPROVEMENTS OF RURAL RURAL ROAD DETAILS & PERIODICAL IMPROVEMENTS OF RURAL RURAL ROAD DETAILS & PERIODICAL IMPROVEMENTS OF RURAL RURAL ROAD DETAILS & PERIODICAL IMPROVEMENTS OF RURAL
ROADS IN BELLARY DIST.ROADS IN BELLARY DIST.ROADS IN BELLARY DIST.ROADS IN BELLARY DIST.
YearYearYearYear
Village RoadsVillage RoadsVillage RoadsVillage Roads Village Village Village Village
Roads Roads Roads Roads
upgraded upgraded upgraded upgraded
to MDR / to MDR / to MDR / to MDR /
SHSHSHSH
New rural New rural New rural New rural
roads roads roads roads
developed / developed / developed / developed /
improved improved improved improved
connectedconnectedconnectedconnected
Present rural roads Present rural roads Present rural roads Present rural roads
densitydensitydensitydensity
B.TB.TB.TB.T WBMWBMWBMWBM GravelGravelGravelGravel TotalTotalTotalTotal
Kms per / Kms per / Kms per / Kms per /
1000 1000 1000 1000
populationpopulationpopulationpopulation
Kms / 10 Kms / 10 Kms / 10 Kms / 10
SqmsSqmsSqmsSqms
20062006200620061202120212021202
(39394)(39394)(39394)(39394)
898 898 898 898
(24730)(24730)(24730)(24730)
2297229722972297
(83089)(83089)(83089)(83089)
4397439743974397
(147212)(147212)(147212)(147212)
1198.001198.001198.001198.00
1.791.791.791.79
(2.41)(2.41)(2.41)(2.41)
5.225.225.225.22
(7.68)(7.68)(7.68)(7.68)
2009200920092009807 807 807 807
(38094)(38094)(38094)(38094)
599599599599
(28030)(28030)(28030)(28030)
2662266226622662
(83888)(83888)(83888)(83888)
4088408840884088
(147212)(147212)(147212)(147212)771.42771.42771.42771.42
2.152.152.152.15
(2.41)(2.41)(2.41)(2.41)
6.276.276.276.27
(7.68)(7.68)(7.68)(7.68)
20122012201220121999199919991999
(58184)(58184)(58184)(58184)
502502502502
(21495)(21495)(21495)(21495)
2766276627662766
(75866)(75866)(75866)(75866)
5267526752675267
(155545)(155545)(155545)(155545)1179.811179.811179.811179.81
2.142.142.142.14
(2.55)(2.55)(2.55)(2.55)
6.256.256.256.25
(8.11)(8.11)(8.11)(8.11)
5. Details of Rural Road Developed Under Various Schemes in 5. Details of Rural Road Developed Under Various Schemes in 5. Details of Rural Road Developed Under Various Schemes in 5. Details of Rural Road Developed Under Various Schemes in
Bellary District, KarnatakaBellary District, KarnatakaBellary District, KarnatakaBellary District, Karnataka
Schemes Length
improved in
Kms (2003-
2014)
Improved Roads
Upgraded as
higher Category
Roads (MDR)
Remarks
PMGSY-I 613.87
1198.00
(State: 28000
approx)
Completed
PMGSY-II 70.12 Under Progress
NABARD 745.76
Completed
Namma Grama
Namma Raste Yojane
(NGNRY)
367.02
Funding by State
Govt.
92.00
Total 1888.77 1198.00
Process of Development of Rural RoadsProcess of Development of Rural RoadsProcess of Development of Rural RoadsProcess of Development of Rural Roads1.1.1.1. RuralRuralRuralRural roadsroadsroadsroads developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped underunderunderunder variousvariousvariousvarious schemesschemesschemesschemes
2.2.2.2. DPRsDPRsDPRsDPRs preparedpreparedpreparedprepared basedbasedbasedbased onononon IRC,IRC,IRC,IRC, MORD,MORD,MORD,MORD, SPSPSPSP---- 20202020,,,, 72727272 &&&&77777777
3.3.3.3. TheTheTheThe conventionalconventionalconventionalconventional waywaywayway ofofofof improvementimprovementimprovementimprovement ofofofof RuralRuralRuralRural roadsroadsroadsroadsisisisis ofofofof ConstructionConstructionConstructionConstruction ofofofof embankment,embankment,embankment,embankment, StructuralStructuralStructuralStructural basebasebasebaseiiii....eeee GGGG....SSSS....B,B,B,B, WBMWBMWBMWBM GGGG----IIIIIIII &&&& GGGG----IIIIIIIIIIII andandandand providingprovidingprovidingproviding PMCPMCPMCPMC asasasas aaaasurfacesurfacesurfacesurface coursecoursecoursecourse....
4.4.4.4. InInInIn thethethethe processprocessprocessprocess ofofofof developingdevelopingdevelopingdeveloping ruralruralruralrural roadsroadsroadsroads muchmuchmuchmuchemphasisemphasisemphasisemphasis isisisis givengivengivengiven totototo useuseuseuse ofofofof locallocallocallocal materialmaterialmaterialmaterial (Marginal(Marginal(Marginal(MarginalMaterials)Materials)Materials)Materials)....
5.5.5.5. DifferentDifferentDifferentDifferent InnovativeInnovativeInnovativeInnovative technologytechnologytechnologytechnology methodsmethodsmethodsmethods areareareare alsoalsoalsoalsoadoptedadoptedadoptedadopted givinggivinggivinggiving importanceimportanceimportanceimportance totototo R&DR&DR&DR&D inininin constnconstnconstnconstn.... ofofofofruralruralruralrural roadsroadsroadsroads....
Construction Technology using Marginal Materials & Innovative Construction Technology using Marginal Materials & Innovative Construction Technology using Marginal Materials & Innovative Construction Technology using Marginal Materials & Innovative
Methods adopted in Methods adopted in Methods adopted in Methods adopted in constnconstnconstnconstn of rural roads in Bellary Dist, Karnataka of rural roads in Bellary Dist, Karnataka of rural roads in Bellary Dist, Karnataka of rural roads in Bellary Dist, Karnataka
CaseCaseCaseCase----1111:::: UsingUsingUsingUsing SlagSlagSlagSlag sandsandsandsand asasasas GGGG....SSSS....BBBB layerlayerlayerlayer inininin lieulieulieulieu ofofofof conventionalconventionalconventionalconventional
GGGG....SSSS....BBBB layerlayerlayerlayer....
CaseCaseCaseCase----2222:::: UsingUsingUsingUsing BlastBlastBlastBlast FurnaceFurnaceFurnaceFurnace coarsecoarsecoarsecoarse slagslagslagslag materialmaterialmaterialmaterial forforforfor BaseBaseBaseBase
coursecoursecoursecourse inininin lieulieulieulieu ofofofof WBMWBMWBMWBM GGGG----IIIIIIII layerlayerlayerlayer....
CaseCaseCaseCase----3333:::: ConstructionConstructionConstructionConstruction ofofofof BaseBaseBaseBase coursecoursecoursecourse usingusingusingusing soilsoilsoilsoil aggregateaggregateaggregateaggregate
TypeTypeTypeType –––– AAAA ((((80808080mmmmmmmm downdowndowndown size)size)size)size) inininin lieulieulieulieu ofofofof WBMWBMWBMWBM GGGG----IIIIIIII layerlayerlayerlayer....
CaseCaseCaseCase----4444::::ConstructionConstructionConstructionConstruction ofofofof BaseBaseBaseBase coursecoursecoursecourse usingusingusingusing SoilSoilSoilSoil aggregate,aggregate,aggregate,aggregate,
stonestonestonestone chipchipchipchip graftinggraftinggraftinggrafting &&&& providingprovidingprovidingproviding PMCPMCPMCPMC asasasas aaaa surfacesurfacesurfacesurface coursecoursecoursecourse
inininin lieulieulieulieu ofofofof WBMWBMWBMWBM GGGG----IIIIIIII &&&& GGGG----IIIIIIIIIIII layerlayerlayerlayer....
CaseCaseCaseCase----5555:::: UseUseUseUse ofofofof RBIRBIRBIRBI –––– 81818181 (a(a(a(a innovativeinnovativeinnovativeinnovative method)method)method)method) forforforfor
BaseBaseBaseBase coursecoursecoursecourse usingusingusingusing inininin subgrade/GSBsubgrade/GSBsubgrade/GSBsubgrade/GSB inininin lieulieulieulieu ofofofof conventionalconventionalconventionalconventional
WBMWBMWBMWBM GGGG----IIIIIIII &&&& GGGG----IIIIIIIIIIII layerlayerlayerlayer....
Various stages of photographs of Various stages of photographs of Various stages of photographs of Various stages of photographs of
construction using Marginal Material, construction using Marginal Material, construction using Marginal Material, construction using Marginal Material,
Adopting Innovative Technology & using Adopting Innovative Technology & using Adopting Innovative Technology & using Adopting Innovative Technology & using
machinery are:machinery are:machinery are:machinery are:
CaseCaseCaseCase----1111 Using Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of Using Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of Using Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of Using Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of
conventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layer
Laying of Slag sand (Blast Furnace
Slag material) using as G.S.B
Slag sand formation as G.S.B Layer using
Motor Grader
Slag sand formation as G.S.B Layer using Motor Grader
CaseCaseCaseCase----1111 Using of Slag sand as a G.S.B layer in lieu of Using of Slag sand as a G.S.B layer in lieu of Using of Slag sand as a G.S.B layer in lieu of Using of Slag sand as a G.S.B layer in lieu of
conventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layer
Watering & Consolidation of Slag Sand G.S.B Layer using
Soil Compactor
CaseCaseCaseCase----1 Use of Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of 1 Use of Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of 1 Use of Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of 1 Use of Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of
conventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layer
Slag Sand G.S.B Layer after compaction
CaseCaseCaseCase----1 Use of Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of 1 Use of Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of 1 Use of Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of 1 Use of Slag sand as G.S.B layer in lieu of
conventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layerconventional G.S.B layer
Mixing of Blast Furnace Slag material using as WBM Mixing of Blast Furnace Slag material using as WBM Mixing of Blast Furnace Slag material using as WBM Mixing of Blast Furnace Slag material using as WBM
GGGG----II layer (Using as Marginal Material)II layer (Using as Marginal Material)II layer (Using as Marginal Material)II layer (Using as Marginal Material)
Case-2 Using Blast Furnace coarse slag material for Base
course in lieu of WBM G-II layer.
Loading of Mixed Blast Furnace Slag material as WBM GLoading of Mixed Blast Furnace Slag material as WBM GLoading of Mixed Blast Furnace Slag material as WBM GLoading of Mixed Blast Furnace Slag material as WBM G----II layer (Using as II layer (Using as II layer (Using as II layer (Using as
Marginal Material)Marginal Material)Marginal Material)Marginal Material)
Case-2 Using Blast Furnace coarse slag material for Base
course in lieu of WBM G-II layer.
Heap of Mixed Blast Furnace Slag material using as WBM GHeap of Mixed Blast Furnace Slag material using as WBM GHeap of Mixed Blast Furnace Slag material using as WBM GHeap of Mixed Blast Furnace Slag material using as WBM G----II layer (Using II layer (Using II layer (Using II layer (Using
as Marginal Material) as Marginal Material) as Marginal Material) as Marginal Material)
Case-2 Using Blast Furnace coarse slag material for Base
course in lieu of WBM G-II layer.
Case-2 Use of Blast Furnace coarse slag material for Base
course in lieu of WBM G-II layer.
Blast Furnace Slag material Gradation Blast Furnace Slag material Gradation Blast Furnace Slag material Gradation Blast Furnace Slag material Gradation
Slag material as a Base Course Layer (in lieu of WBM G-II) after
compaction
Case-2 Using Blast Furnace coarse slag material for Base course
in lieu of WBM G-II layer.
Case - 3 Construction of Base course using soil
aggregate in Type – A (80mm down size) in lieu of WBM
G-II layer.
Mixing of Soil Aggregate Material at Quarry
Premixing of Soil Aggregate in Quarry
Case - 3 Construction of Base course using soil
aggregate in Type – A (80mm down size) in lieu of WBM
G-II layer.
Laying of Soil Aggregate using Grader
Case - 3 Construction of Base course using soil
aggregate in Type – A (80mm down size) in lieu of WBM
G-II layer.
Laying of Soil Aggregate using Grader
Case - 3 Construction of Base course using soil
aggregate in Type – A (80mm down size) in lieu of WBM
G-II layer.
Watering & Consolidation of Soil Aggregate Layer using Soil
Compactor
Case - 3 Construction of Base course using soil
aggregate in Type – A (80mm down size) in lieu of WBM
G-II layer.
Sectioning & Formation of Soil Aggregate Layer to the
Required Camber
Case - 3 Construction of Base course using soil
aggregate in Type – A (80mm down size) in lieu of WBM
G-II layer.
Consolidation of Soil Aggregate Layer using soil CompactorConsolidation of Soil Aggregate Layer using soil CompactorConsolidation of Soil Aggregate Layer using soil CompactorConsolidation of Soil Aggregate Layer using soil Compactor
Case - 3 Construction of Base course using soil
aggregate in Type – A (80mm down size) in lieu of WBM
G-II layer.
Consolidation of Soil Aggregate Layer using soil CompactorConsolidation of Soil Aggregate Layer using soil CompactorConsolidation of Soil Aggregate Layer using soil CompactorConsolidation of Soil Aggregate Layer using soil Compactor
Case - 3 Construction of Base course using soil
aggregate in Type – A (80mm down size) in lieu of WBM
G-II layer.
Case - 4 Construction of entry Base course using Soil
aggregate, stone chips Grafting & providing PMC as a
surface course without WBM G-II & G-III layer.
Laying of 2nd layer Soil aggregate along chips grafting
Case - 4 Construction of entry Base course using Soil
aggregate, stone chips Grafting & providing PMC as a
surface course without WBM G-II & G-III layer.
Compacted layer of Stone Chip Grafting
Case - 4 Construction of entry Base course using Soil
aggregate, stone chips Grafting & providing PMC as a
surface course without WBM G-II & G-III layer.
PMC over the Stone Chip Grafting & soil Aggregate layer without
WBM G-II & G-III layer
Case - 4 Construction of entry Base course using Soil
aggregate, stone chips Grafting & providing PMC as a
surface course without WBM G-II & G-III layer.
PMC over the Stone Chip Grafting & soil Aggregate layer without
WBM G-II & G-III layer
Case-5 Using of RBI – 81 material (as a innovative method)
for Base course in lieu of conventional WBM G-II & G-III
layer.
Placing of RBI 81 material bags for mixing with G.S.B materialPlacing of RBI 81 material bags for mixing with G.S.B materialPlacing of RBI 81 material bags for mixing with G.S.B materialPlacing of RBI 81 material bags for mixing with G.S.B material
Case-5 Using of RBI – 81 material (as a innovative method)
for Base course in lieu of conventional WBM G-II & G-III
layer.
Spreading of RBI 81 material over the G.S.BSpreading of RBI 81 material over the G.S.BSpreading of RBI 81 material over the G.S.BSpreading of RBI 81 material over the G.S.B
Case-5 Using of RBI – 81 material (as a innovative method)
for Base course in lieu of conventional WBM G-II & G-III
layer.
Mixing of RBI 81 material in G.S.BMixing of RBI 81 material in G.S.BMixing of RBI 81 material in G.S.BMixing of RBI 81 material in G.S.B
Case-5 Using of RBI – 81 material (as a innovative method)
for Base course in lieu of conventional WBM G-II & G-III
layer.
Mixing of RBI 81 with G.S.B material using Tractor TillerMixing of RBI 81 with G.S.B material using Tractor TillerMixing of RBI 81 with G.S.B material using Tractor TillerMixing of RBI 81 with G.S.B material using Tractor Tiller
Mixing of RBI 81 with G.S.B material using RotavatorMixing of RBI 81 with G.S.B material using RotavatorMixing of RBI 81 with G.S.B material using RotavatorMixing of RBI 81 with G.S.B material using Rotavator
Case-5 Using of RBI – 81 material (as a innovative method)
for Base course in lieu of conventional WBM G-II & G-III
layer.
Case-5 Using of RBI – 81 material (as a innovative method)
for Base course in lieu of conventional WBM G-II & G-III
layer.
Watering to RBI 81 material mixed with G.S.B materialWatering to RBI 81 material mixed with G.S.B materialWatering to RBI 81 material mixed with G.S.B materialWatering to RBI 81 material mixed with G.S.B material
Compaction of G.S.B layer mixed with RBI 81 Compaction of G.S.B layer mixed with RBI 81 Compaction of G.S.B layer mixed with RBI 81 Compaction of G.S.B layer mixed with RBI 81
Case-5 Using of RBI – 81 material (as a innovative method)
for Base course in lieu of conventional WBM G-II & G-III
layer.
Case-5 Using of RBI – 81 material (as a innovative method)
for Base course in lieu of conventional WBM G-II & G-III
layer.
Chip Grafting over Compacted G.S.B layer mixed with RBI 81 Chip Grafting over Compacted G.S.B layer mixed with RBI 81 Chip Grafting over Compacted G.S.B layer mixed with RBI 81 Chip Grafting over Compacted G.S.B layer mixed with RBI 81
Various Stages of Various Stages of Various Stages of Various Stages of
Photographs using Machinery Photographs using Machinery Photographs using Machinery Photographs using Machinery
in Rural Road Development in Rural Road Development in Rural Road Development in Rural Road Development
WorksWorksWorksWorks
TRANSPORTATION OF MIX
TransportationTransportationTransportationTransportation ofofofof ColdColdColdCold MixMixMixMix bybybyby miniminiminimini tippertippertippertipper
ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion� GraderGraderGraderGrader capacitycapacitycapacitycapacity &&&& sizesizesizesize ofofofof BladeBladeBladeBlade widthwidthwidthwidth maymaymaymay bebebebe
reducedreducedreducedreduced fromfromfromfrom 4444....00000000mmmm totototo 2222....50505050 mmmm forforforfor constructionconstructionconstructionconstruction ofofofofRuralRuralRuralRural RoadsRoadsRoadsRoads....
� SmallSmallSmallSmall sizesizesizesize Excavator/JCBExcavator/JCBExcavator/JCBExcavator/JCB maymaymaymay bebebebe developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped totototo thethethethesizesizesizesize ofofofof DrainsDrainsDrainsDrains....
� SoilSoilSoilSoil CompactorCompactorCompactorCompactor SteelSteelSteelSteel DrumDrumDrumDrum sizesizesizesize maymaymaymay bebebebe reducedreducedreducedreducedfromfromfromfrom 2222....50505050mmmm totototo 1111....80808080 mmmm forforforfor constructionconstructionconstructionconstruction ofofofof RuralRuralRuralRuralRoadsRoadsRoadsRoads....
� SmallerSmallerSmallerSmaller capacitycapacitycapacitycapacity batchingbatchingbatchingbatching plantplantplantplant (Mobile)(Mobile)(Mobile)(Mobile) forforforfor GGGG....SSSS....BBBB &&&&SoilSoilSoilSoil aggregateaggregateaggregateaggregate MixingMixingMixingMixing maymaymaymay bebebebe developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped forforforforconstructionconstructionconstructionconstruction ofofofof RuralRuralRuralRural RoadsRoadsRoadsRoads....
� SmallerSmallerSmallerSmaller capacitycapacitycapacitycapacity batchingbatchingbatchingbatching plantplantplantplant forforforfor prepreprepre----mixingmixingmixingmixing ofofofofWBMWBMWBMWBM GGGG----IIIIIIII &&&& GGGG----IIIIIIIIIIII materialmaterialmaterialmaterial totototo bebebebe developed,developed,developed,developed, totototo avoidavoidavoidavoidlayinglayinglayinglaying ofofofof WBMWBMWBMWBM GGGG----IIIIIIII &&&& GGGG----IIIIIIIIIIII layerslayerslayerslayers manuallymanuallymanuallymanually....
Conclusion….Conclusion….Conclusion….Conclusion….� SuitableSuitableSuitableSuitable MachineryMachineryMachineryMachinery totototo bebebebe developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped forforforfor scarifyingscarifyingscarifyingscarifying
BBBB....TTTT &&&& WBMWBMWBMWBM surfacesurfacesurfacesurface....
� SuitableSuitableSuitableSuitable vacuumvacuumvacuumvacuum cleanercleanercleanercleaner totototo bebebebe developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped forforforforcleaningcleaningcleaningcleaning ofofofof WBMWBMWBMWBM GGGG----IIIIIIIIIIII layerlayerlayerlayer....
� ToToToTo avoidavoidavoidavoid stickingstickingstickingsticking &&&& pealingpealingpealingpealing offoffoffoff TackTackTackTack coatcoatcoatcoat duedueduedue totototomovementmovementmovementmovement ofofofof tippers,tippers,tippers,tippers, suitablesuitablesuitablesuitable technologytechnologytechnologytechnology totototo bebebebedevelopeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped....
� SmallSmallSmallSmall capacitycapacitycapacitycapacity ofofofof PugmillPugmillPugmillPugmill totototo bebebebe developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped forforforfor WMMWMMWMMWMM....
� SuitableSuitableSuitableSuitable machinerymachinerymachinerymachinery totototo bebebebe developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped forforforfor fillingfillingfillingfilling ofofofof PotPotPotPotholesholesholesholes includingincludingincludingincluding Cutting,Cutting,Cutting,Cutting, trimmingtrimmingtrimmingtrimming &&&& cleaningcleaningcleaningcleaning....