Case 21 Review3rd 9 weeks objectives

Selective breeding and genetic engineering are 2 scientific techniques in which humans try to product offspring with ________________________.

Desirable traits

What is one reason why we would selectively breed dogs?

For competition For hunting For pets

What is one reason we would selectively breed cattle?

More meat More milk

What is one reason we would selectively breed crops?

Grow faster Produce higher yield Grow bigger

What are the benefits of selective breeding?

Farmers can produce crops with higher yield

Farmers can produce animals that grow more meat, milk, eggs, faster, stronger

Can produce friendlier and prettier pets

What are some disadvantages?

Loss of genes in a population Animal discomfort Can lead to inbreeding

Genetic engineering is a lot like selective breeding but it is a _______ process.

Faster

Define genetic engineering.

Taking favorable genes from one organisms and implanting it into another organism’s DNA.

People have taken the insulin making gene from humans and inserted it into ______ .

Bacteria

Give an example of ways we genetically alter plants.

Making them weed resistant. Making them pest resistant Making them resistant to cold

temperatures Making them able to go longer without

water.

Give examples of ways we genetically alter animals.

Alter fish to make them grow bigger and faster

Alter chickens to make them bigger or produce more eggs

Alter pigs to grow larger organs Alter mice to grow human ears

Genetic engineering may work wonders, but it is all a process of ________________.

Manipulating the natural

Give an advantage of genetic engineering.

Humans have made crops with better taste, nutrition, and growth rate

Humans have made pest resistant crops and crops with longer shelf life

Humans have been able to produce new foods

Humans can help cure certain diseases. Boosts positive traits and suppresses

negative ones

Give a disadvantage of genetic engineering.

Made some crops have less nutritional value

Accidental gene transfer May lead to a worse disease Playing God

Who came up with the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Charles Darwin

What is a group of similar organisms that are similar and can reproduce?

Species

The preserved remains or traces of animals that dies long ago.

Fossil

A trait that helps an organisms survive

Adaptation

The belief that organisms change over many generations because they are responding to changes in nature

Natural selection

Animals that are not well adapted to an environment will most likely do what?

Become extinct

Differences in organisms of the same species.

Variations

If variations exist between organisms of the same species, the species is more likely to _______.

Survive

The ability of an organisms to blend into its environment

Camoufloage

The behavior in which an animal lowers its heart rate, breathing rate, and metabolism and sleeps during the cold winter months of the tundra.

Hibernation

When animals are inactive during the day to escape the sun’s intense heat of the desert and are active at night.

Nocturnal

The ability of an animal to light up part or all of their body.

Bioluminescence

What is the center of the Earth, which is the hottest layer?

Core (inner)

What is the biggest layer of the Earth?

Mantle

What is the thinnest layer of the Earth which is what we stand on?

Crust

What is the type of crust that makes up the land?

Continental

What is the type of crust found on the ocean floor?

Oceanic

What is the top part of the mantle and the bottom part of the crust?

Lithosphere

The lithosphere contains big pieces of hard rock called _____

Plates

Below the lithosphere is a flowing, moving layer of soft rock which has no strength to it. What is this layer?

Asthenosphere

What causes the asthenosphere to move – it is the rising of hot magma and sinking of cool magma?

Convection currents

What are plates which move towards each other and collide?

Convergent

What are plates that move away from each other?

Divergent

What are plates that slide past each other?

Transform

Two converging continental plates will create?

Mountains

If a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate, they will from?

Volcanic mountain Trench

Divergent plates will cause?

Rift valleys Mid-ocean ridge

Transform plates will cause?

Earthquakes

The theory which states all of the land used to be together in one big supercontinent, but the land masses have moved to their present day location is?

Continental drift

What is the supercontinent at the beginning of continental drift?

Pangaea

The idea which tries to explain the possibility of continental drift?

Plate tectonics

What is spot on the Earth’s surface above the focus where the earthquake was felt the most?

Epicenter

What is the instrument which measures and studies seismic waves?

Seismograph

What is the first type of wave to reach seismograph recording stations? (these go side to side)

P waves

What is the second wave to reach earthquake recording stations? (these go up and down)

S waves

What instrument reads the seismogram and rates the magnitude of the earthquake?

Richter scale

The Richter Scale operates on powers of?

10x

How much more ground shaking is a 6.0 earthquake than a 5.0 Richter scale earthquake?What about 4.0?

10x 100x

What is molten rock inside the Earth?

Magma

What is magma called when it reaches the surface?

Lava

An underwater mountain range, typically having a valley running along its spine is called?

Mid-ocean ridge

What is the layer of gases that surround the Earth?

Atmosphere

What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

Nitrogen

What is the 2nd most abundant gas?

Oxygen

What layer of the atmosphere contains most of our clouds and weather?

Troposphere

What layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer which blocks out most of the sun’s harmful UV rays?

Stratosphere

What layer of the atmosphere is the hottest?

Thermosphere

What layer is the coldest? This layer also protects us from most meteoroids.

Mesosphere

What layer of the atmosphere is the last layer that leads into outer space? It is part of the thermosphere.

Exosphere

What covers 70% of Earth’s surface?

Water

The amount of water vapor in the air is referred to as?

Humidity

What type of air can hold the most water vapor?

Warm

The amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature is called?

Relative humidity

Water going from the air to the ground and back again is called?

The water cycle

When water on the Earth’s surface absorbs heat, the water turns into water vapor through a process called?

Evaporation

When water vapor gets cold and turns into liquid water, this is called the process of?

Condensation

What is the temperature at which water vapor condenses?

Dew point

When condensation water droplets get heavy enough to fall to the ground, this is called the process of?

Precipitation

When plants five off water vapor through their leaves and the water vapor goes into the air, this is called the process of?

Transpiration

The atmospheric condition at any one moment in time?

Weather

What is the average weather for an area called?

Climate

The measure of how fast air molecules are moving?

Temperature

Air molecule move _____ when temperature is high.

Fast

Air molecules move _____ when temperature is low

Slow

The transfer of energy when warm air rises and cold air sinks?

Convection

The weight of air on the Earth’s surface

Air pressure

Warm air creates _____ pressure

Low

Cold air create _____ pressure

High

When water vapor rises and condenses but the water droplets cannot fall to the ground, this is called a ____

Cloud

Air moving from one place to another.

Wind

The deflection of air to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere because of the Earth’s rotation is called the ?

Coriolis effect

The band of strong winds near the top of the troposphere?

Jet stream

The surface winds which are between the 0-30 degrees latitude in the northern and southern hemisphere?

Trade winds

The surface winds which are between the 30-60 degrees latitude in the northern and southern hemisphere?

Prevailing westerlies

The surface winds which are between the 60-90 degrees latitude in the northern and southern hemisphere?

Polar easterlies

The large body of air that develops over a particular area and assumes the characteristics of the area is called?

Air mass

The boundary between 2 different air masses is called?

Front

When cold air comes into an area and pushes warm air up out of the way, the front is called?

A cold front

When a warm air mass comes into an area and pushes cold air out of the way it is called?

A warm front

What symbols represent a cold front on a weather map?

Blue triangles

What symbols represent a warm front on a weather map?

Red semicircles

When a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet, but neither mass of air can move the other, this is called a ______ front.

Stationary

What symbol represents a stationary front on a weather map?

Blue triangles pointing one way and red semicircles pointing in the opposite direction

______ weather can cause strong winds and heavy precipitation, and can threaten property and people’s lives

Severe

This severe weather can develop from cumulonimbus clouds and form along cold fronts. They can have strong winds, dangerous hail, lightning and thunder.

Thunderstorm

This severe weather is a violent, whirling wind that moves in a narrow path over land.

Tornado

This severe weather begins as a large storm over an area of low pressure over tropical oceans. Heat energy from the moist air is converted into wind that can read speeds up to 250km/hr

Hurricane