Cartoon #1: Modern cartoon

Cartoon #2: Late 1870s Cartoon

Millions of immigrants entered the U.S. in the late 19th Century for various reasonsPush FactorsPull Factors

Push:1. Religious Persecution

2. Overpopulation

3. Spirit of Reform in EuropePull:1. Availability of Jobs

2. Availability of Land

3. Political and Religious Freedom

Europeans arrived on the East Coast (New York Harbor)Ellis IslandBefore 1890---mostly from western and northern EuropeAfter 1890, mostly from southern and eastern EuropeAdd Ellis Island to your U.S. map!!

From 1892-1924, 17 million immigrants passed through Ellis Islands facilities20% were detained more than one day2% were denied entry

ELLIS ISLAND, NEW YORK HARBOR

Statue of LibertyEllis Island

Chinese arrived on the West CoastAngel Island is in San Francisco Port for Asian immigrantsProcessing was much harder than that on Ellis IslandWhy? Pull Factors included:Gold RushRailroadsMany Chinese men worked for the railroadsAdd Angel Island to your map!!

ANGEL ISLAND WAS CONSIDERED MORE HARSH THAN ELLIS ISLAND

Hawaiian planters recruited Japanese workers

Immigrants arrived from Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and other islands

Mexicans immigrated to the U.S. to find work and flee political turmoil

While some tried to assimilate into American culture, others created ethnic communities

Some native born Americans disliked the immigrants unfamiliar customs and languagesKnown as NativismXenophobia: fear of anyone/thing foreignIn 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act which limited Chinese immigration until 1943

Chinatowns are found in many major citiesDefacto segregation

To become a citizen (A citizen is a participatory member of a political community) you must complete the NATURALIZATION processSEE HANDOUTLong ProcessApplicationBackground checkCitizenship TestInterviewCeremony

OBJECTIVE: You will analyze Primary and Secondary sources to determine whether the source presents the realities of American immigration as a DREAM or NIGHTMARE.