carol v. alexandru, sebastiano panichella, harald c. gall · 2017. 2. 22. · carol v. alexandru,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. GallSoftware Evolution and Architecture Lab
University of Zurich, Switzerland{alexandru,panichella,gall}@ifi.uzh.ch
22.02.2017
SANER’17
Klagenfurt, Austria
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The Problem Domain
• Static analysis (e.g. #Attr., McCabe, coupling...)
1
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The Problem Domain
v0.7.0 v1.0.0 v1.3.0 v2.0.0 v3.0.0 v3.3.0 v3.5.0
2
• Static analysis (e.g. #Attr., McCabe, coupling...)
![Page 4: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Problem Domain
v0.7.0 v1.0.0 v1.3.0 v2.0.0 v3.0.0 v3.3.0 v3.5.0
2
• Static analysis (e.g. #Attr., McCabe, coupling...)
• Many revisions, fine-grained historical data
![Page 5: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A Typical Analysis Process
3
www
clone
select project
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A Typical Analysis Process
www
clone
checkout
select project
select revision
3
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A Typical Analysis Process
www
clone
checkout analysis tool
Res
select project
select revision
applytool
storeanalysis
results
3
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A Typical Analysis Process
www
clone
checkout analysis tool
Res
select project
select revision
applytool
storeanalysis
results
more revisions?
3
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A Typical Analysis Process
www
clone
checkout analysis tool
Res
select project
select revision
applytool
storeanalysis
results
more revisions?
more projects?
3
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Redundancies all over...
4
Redundancies in historical code analysis
Impact on Code Study Tools
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Redundancies all over...
Redundancies in historical code analysis
Few files change
Only small parts of a file change
Across RevisionsImpact on Code
Study Tools
4
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Redundancies all over...
Redundancies in historical code analysis
Few files change
Only small parts of a file change
Across RevisionsImpact on Code
Study Tools
Repeated analysis of "known" code
4
![Page 13: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Redundancies all over...
Redundancies in historical code analysis
Few files change
Only small parts of a file change
Changes may not even affect results
Across RevisionsImpact on Code
Study Tools
Repeated analysis of "known" code
Storing redundant results
4
![Page 14: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Redundancies all over...
4
Redundancies in historical code analysis
Few files change
Across Languages
Only small parts of a file change
Changes may not even affect results
Each language has their own toolchain
Yet they share many metrics
Across RevisionsImpact on Code
Study Tools
Repeated analysis of "known" code
Storing redundant results
![Page 15: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Redundancies all over...
Redundancies in historical code analysis
Few files change
Across Languages
Only small parts of a file change
Changes may not even affect results
Each language has their own toolchain
Yet they share many metrics
Across RevisionsImpact on Code
Study Tools
Repeated analysis of "known" code
Storing redundant results
Re-implementing identical analyses
Generalizability is expensive
4
![Page 16: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Redundancies all over...
Redundancies in historical code analysis
Few files change
Across Languages
Only small parts of a file change
Changes may not even affect results
Each language has their own toolchain
Yet they share many metrics
Across RevisionsImpact on Code
Study Tools
Repeated analysis of "known" code
Storing redundant results
Re-implementing identical analyses
Generalizability is expensive
5
![Page 17: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Important!
6
Techniques implemented
in LISA
Your favouriteanalysis features
Pick what you like!
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#1: Avoid Checkouts
![Page 19: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Avoid checkouts
7
clone
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Avoid checkouts
7
clone
checkout
read write
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Avoid checkouts
7
clone
checkout
read
read write
analyze
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Avoid checkouts
7
clone
checkout
read
For every file: 2 read ops + 1 write opCheckout includes irrelevant filesNeed 1 CWD for every revision to be analyzed in parallel
read write
analyze
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Avoid checkouts
8
clone analyze
read
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Avoid checkouts
8
clone analyze
Only read relevant files in a single read opNo write opsNo overhead for parallization
read
![Page 25: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Avoid checkouts
8
clone analyze
Only read relevant files in a single read opNo write opsNo overhead for parallization
Git
Analysis Tool
File Abstraction Layer
read
![Page 26: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Avoid checkouts
8
clone analyze
Only read relevant files in a single read opNo write opsNo overhead for parallization
Git
Analysis Tool
File Abstraction Layer
E.g. for the JDK Compiler:
class JavaSourceFromCharrArray(name: String, val code: CharBuffer)extends SimpleJavaFileObject(URI.create("string:///" + name), Kind.SOURCE) {override def getCharContent(): CharSequence = code
}
read
![Page 27: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Avoid checkouts
clone analyze
Only read relevant files in a single read opNo write opsNo overhead for parallization
Git
Analysis Tool
File Abstraction Layer
E.g. for the JDK Compiler:
class JavaSourceFromCharrArray(name: String, val code: CharBuffer)extends SimpleJavaFileObject(URI.create("string:///" + name), Kind.SOURCE) {override def getCharContent(): CharSequence = code
}
read
9
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#2: Use a multi-revision representationof your sources
![Page 29: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Merge ASTs
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4
10
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rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4
11
rev. 1
Merge ASTs
![Page 31: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4
12
rev. 2
Merge ASTs
![Page 32: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Merge ASTs
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4
13
rev. 3
![Page 33: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Merge ASTs
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4
14
rev. 4
![Page 34: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Merge ASTs
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4
15
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Merge ASTs
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4
16
rev. range [1-4]
rev. range [1-2]
![Page 36: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Merge ASTs
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4AspectJ (~440k LOC):
1 commit: 2.2M nodesAll >7000 commits: 6.5M nodes
17
![Page 37: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Merge ASTs
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4AspectJ (~440k LOC):
1 commit: 2.2M nodesAll >7000 commits: 6.5M nodes
18
![Page 38: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Merge ASTs
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4AspectJ (~440k LOC):
1 commit: 2.2M nodesAll >7000 commits: 6.5M nodes
19
![Page 39: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
#3: Store AST nodes only ifthey're needed for analysis
![Page 40: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
public class Demo {
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i< 100; i++) {
if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) {
System.out.println(i)
}
}
}
What's the complexity (1+#forks) and name for each method and class?
20
![Page 41: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
public class Demo {
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i< 100; i++) {
if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) {
System.out.println(i)
}
}
}
140 AST nodes(using ANTLR)
parse
What's the complexity (1+#forks) and name for each method and class?
20
![Page 42: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
public class Demo {
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i< 100; i++) {
if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) {
System.out.println(i)
}
}
}
140 AST nodes(using ANTLR)
parseCompilationUnit
TypeDeclaration
Modifiers
public
Members
Method
Modifiers
public
Name
run
Name
Demo
Parameters ReturnType
PrimitiveType
VOID
Body
Statements
...
...
What's the complexity (1+#forks) and name for each method and class?
20
![Page 43: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
public class Demo {
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i< 100; i++) {
if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) {
System.out.println(i)
}
}
}
What's the complexity (1+#forks) and name for each method and class?
140 AST nodes(using ANTLR)
parse filtered parse
TypeDeclaration
Method
Name
run
Name
DemoForStatement
IfStatement
ConditionalExpression
7 AST nodes(using ANTLR)
21
![Page 44: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
public class Demo {
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i< 100; i++) {
if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) {
System.out.println(i)
}
}
}
What's the complexity (1+#forks) and name for eachmethod and class?
140 AST nodes(using ANTLR)
parse filtered parse
TypeDeclaration
Method
Name
run
Name
DemoForStatement
IfStatement
ConditionalExpression
7 AST nodes(using ANTLR)
22
![Page 45: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
public class Demo {
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i< 100; i++) {
if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) {
System.out.println(i)
}
}
}
What's the complexity (1+#forks) and name for eachmethod and class?
140 AST nodes(using ANTLR)
parse filtered parse
TypeDeclaration
Method
Name
run
Name
DemoForStatement
IfStatement
ConditionalExpression
7 AST nodes(using ANTLR)
23
![Page 46: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
#4: Use non-duplicative data structuresto store your results
![Page 47: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4
24
![Page 48: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4
24
![Page 49: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4
24
[1-1]
label
#attr
mcc
[4-4]
label
#attr
mcc
InnerClass
0 4
1 2 4
[2-3]
label
#attr
mcc
![Page 50: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
rev. 1
rev. 2
rev. 3
rev. 4 [1-1]
label
#attr
mcc
[4-4]
label
#attr
mcc
InnerClass
0 4
1 2 4
[2-3]
label
#attr
mcc
25
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LISA also does:#5: Parallel Parsing#6: Asynchronous graph computation#7: Generic graph computationsapplying to ASTs from compatiblelanguages
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To Summarize...
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The LISA Analysis Process
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www
clone
select project
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The LISA Analysis Process
27
www
clone
parallel parseinto mergedgraph
select project
Language Mappings(Grammar to Analysis)
determines which ASTnodes are loaded
ANTLRv4Grammar used by
Generates Parser
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The LISA Analysis Process
27
www
clone
parallel parseinto mergedgraph
Res
select project
storeanalysis
results
Analysis formulated as Graph Computation
Language Mappings(Grammar to Analysis) used by
Async. compute
determines which ASTnodes are loaded
determines whichdata is persisted
ANTLRv4Grammar used by
Generates Parser
runson graph
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The LISA Analysis Process
27
www
clone
parallel parseinto mergedgraph
Res
select project
storeanalysis
results
more projects?
Analysis formulated as Graph Computation
Language Mappings(Grammar to Analysis) used by
Async. compute
determines which ASTnodes are loaded
determines whichdata is persisted
ANTLRv4Grammar used by
Generates Parser
runson graph
![Page 57: Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall · 2017. 2. 22. · Carol V. Alexandru, Sebastiano Panichella, Harald C. Gall Software Evolution and Architecture Lab University](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062606/5fe38c16bcd4cc3538331a38/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
How well does it work, then?
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Marginal cost for +1 revision
41.670
4.6330.525 0.109 0.082 0.071 0.052 0.041 0.032 0.033
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 10 100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Average Parsing+Computation time per Revision when analyzing n revisions of AspectJ (10 common metrics)
Seco
nd
s
# of revisions
28
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Overall Performance Stats
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Language Java C# JavScript
#Projects 100 100 100
#Revisions 646'261 489'764 204'301
#Files (parsed!) 3'235'852 3'234'178 507'612
#Lines (parsed!) 1'370'998'072 961'974'773 194'758'719
Total Runtime (RT)¹ 18:43h 52:12h 29:09h
Median RT¹ 2:15min 4:54min 3:43min
Tot. Avg. RT per Rev.² 84ms 401ms 531ms
Med. Avg. RT per Rev.² 30ms 116ms 166ms
¹ Including cloning and persisting results² Excluding cloning and persisting results
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What's the catch?(There are a few...)
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The (not so) minor stuff
• Must implement analyses from scratch
• No help from a compiler
• Non-file-local analyses need some effort
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The (not so) minor stuff
• Must implement analyses from scratch
• No help from a compiler
• Non-file-local analyses need some effort
• Moved files/methods etc. add overhead
• Uniquely identifying files/entities is hard
• (No impact on results, though)
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Language matters
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Javascript C# Java
E.g.: Javascript takes longer because:• Larger files, less modularization• Slower parser (automatic semicolon-insertion)
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LISA is E X TREME
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complexfeature-richheavyweight
simplegeneric
lightweight
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Thank you for your attention
SANER ‘17, Klagenfurt, 22.02.2017
Read the paper: http://t.uzh.ch/Fj
Try the tool: http://t.uzh.ch/Fk
Get the slides: http://t.uzh.ch/Fm
Contact me: [email protected]