cargo securement of materials - complete copy
TRANSCRIPT
Cargo Securement of Materials Increasing safety of transporting material via
semi-trucks though improved procedure.
Would you drive
behind this?
Table of Contents: 1) Authority, Liability, and Responsibility ............................................................................................... 3
2) Fundamentals of preparing and loading cargo ................................................................................... 4
3) Situational examples ............................................................................................................................ 5
4) Right vs. wrong examples .................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 Lumber ................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 Beams ................................................................................................................................................. 8
4.3 Post Shores .......................................................................................................................................... 9
4.4 Scaffolding & Frames ........................................................................................................................ 10
4.5 Safety Posts ....................................................................................................................................... 11
4.6 Yokes ................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.7 Tripods .............................................................................................................................................. 12
4.8 Mud Sills ............................................................................................................................................ 12
4.9 Blockouts ........................................................................................................................................... 13
4.10 Walkway Brackets ........................................................................................................................... 13
4.11 Trusses ............................................................................................................................................ 14
4.12 Cross Braces .................................................................................................................................... 15
4.13 Wooden Stakes ............................................................................................................................... 15
4.14 Gate Clamps .................................................................................................................................... 16
4.15 Sailboats .......................................................................................................................................... 16
4.16 Handrails ......................................................................................................................................... 17
4.17 Basket Material ............................................................................................................................... 17
5) Other ................................................................................................................................................... 18
Scope and goal of this document:
Improving procedure of material securement to increase safety of transporting material via
semi-trucks.
Ineffective or non-existent training of the loading ground crew, coupled with truck drivers’
inability to deny dangerous loads, is the direct result of the dangers and liabilities of
transporting material.
The above picture shows a ground crewman that was convinced the cargo he loaded was
adequate to travel, and was encouraging the driver to accept the load. These kinds of
dangerous loading decisions are what cause near-misses and road incidents.
1) Authority, Liability, and Responsibility Driver:
The driver is ultimately responsible for his load.
The driver has the right to refuse the load and/or ask for it to be rearranged before tying
down.
It is the driver’s responsibility to know the weight of his load.
Loading Ground Crewman:
Must follow any direction given by driver in the loading and securement of cargo.
Must use proper securement procedure in preparation of cargo.
Must load to his/her best judgement and use common sense.
An improperly secured load can result in accidents that can lead to:
Loss of life
Loss of load or damage to cargo
Issuance of citations/fines to you or the company or jail time
Higher insurance rates
Being placed out of service, loss of jobsite time
Fleet shutdown
Damage to Baker Concrete’s reputation
2) Fundamentals of preparing and loading cargo Elements used to secure cargo:
Shrink wrap:
Used to prevent shifting
18” minimum width, 85 gauge thickness
Steel Banding:
Used to hold cargo together and to pallets
Correct positioning, tension, and amount of bands is important
CANNOT use perforated (punched) banding for trucking!
Baskets:
Baskets are used for smaller cargo or when other methods are insufficient
Need to use a lid that is banded shut
No wooden or handmade boxes can be used without engineering approval.
Loading Cargo:
Lighter, smaller cargo placed on top of heavier, larger cargo
Any loose or unstable cargo placed on top of rigid or stable cargo
Center the load as low and toward the center as possible, just in front of the rear axel
Z
3) Situational examples
The following are all incidents that occurred because of incorrect loading and/or securement:
Loose cargo shifted because of incorrect
stacking and securement. Rigid material
should always be placed at the bottom.
Rigid cargo
Loose cargo
Heavy cargo (above picture) was placed above loose, light
cargo (below picture), causing load to shift and fall off truck.
Center load just in front of the rear axle (if possible) Center load low and toward the center
LOA
D
LOA
D
Shifted due to loose securement
NOT ALLOWED TO USE
perforated (punched) banding
Stacked incorrectly
4) Right vs. wrong examples
4.1 Lumber
Shifting formwork due to inadequate stacking,
strapping, and lack of shrink wrap. Considered
a near miss.
Damaged brackets due to a shifting load.
Air stacked with ¾” plywood strips
Banded with two bands
Shrink wrapped ends
INCORRECT
CORRECT
Loose cargo
No shrink wrap
Stacked incorrectly
4.2 Beams
0
10 wide x 3 high MAX
All beams same size in stack
Two bands around entire stack
Shrink wrap ends
Incorrect spacing caused shifting
New picks don’t need wrap or air stacking (dunnage)
Old lumber needs air stacking, shrink wrap, and cannot exceed
4 feet width
Lumber should be loaded with minimal spacing to prevent
shifting or otherwise unwanted movement.
INCORRECT CORRECT
Stacked
incorrectly
Shrink wrap ends;
Same length beams
in bundle Only 2 bands needed
Proper stacking before shrink wrapping:
4.3 Post Shores
Two bands
Air-stacked with 2x4 dunnage
Shrink wrapped ends
50 max in a bundle
All same type
CORRECT
4.4 Scaffolding & Frames
Must have four bands - one each side
Bundles of 20 MAX
2 straps: one on inside, one on top of bundle, secured from both directions
This scaffolding is correctly secured. They are in
groups of 20, banded on 4 sides, and have straps
through the middle and over the top.
INCORRECT CORRECT
Scaffolding must be banded on four sides:
top rung, bottom rung, and the two sides.
Incorrect Strap Securement
Incorrect banding
Incorrect loading causes
scaffold to lean and buckle.
4.5 Denver Safety Posts
4.6 Yokes
Shrink wrap
Air stacked with 2x4 dunnage
Banding as necessary
Banded on each stack
Plywood topped
Shrink Wrapped
INCORRECT (NO WRAP) CORRECT
4.7 Tripods
4.8 Mud Sills
INCORRECT
Stacked evenly
Banded to pallet
Shrink wrapped
Bundles of 10 MAX
CORRECT
4’x4’ stacking only
4 bands that secure all stacks, and connected to the pallet
Missing band No shrink wrap
CORRECT INCORRECT
4.9 Build up
4.10 Walkway Brackets
Stacked 3’x3’x4’
6 bands (each stack both ways)
Shrink wrapped
Missing bands Needs shrink wrap
INCORRECT CORRECT
3 bands: one in the middle, two on sides secured around pallet
Plywood top
Shrink wrapped
CORRECT banding shown CORRECT
4.11 Trusses
INCORRECTLY loaded brackets will shift as shown below:
Three high max
Two bands around entire stack
Stacked alternately to keep load level
ALL pictures below are CORRECT
4.12 Cross Braces
4.13 Wooden Stakes
Two bands
Shrink wrap ends
Air-stacked (dunnage) with ¾” plywood @28” strip length
Stack at 5 high by 10 wide
50 max in a bundle
All same size in bundle INCORRECT
CORRECT
CORRECT
Two bands
Shrink wrapped to plywood base
CORRECT
4.14 Gate Clamps
4.15 Sailboats
Two bands
Shrink wrap
INCORRECT CORRECT
Two bands
Plywood topped & wrapped
INCORRECT CORRECT
4.16 Handrails
4.17 Basket Material
REMEMBER:
Baskets are used for smaller cargo or when other methods are insufficient
Need to use a lid that is banded shut
No wooden or handmade boxes can be used without engineering approval.
Two bands
Shrink wrapped
Stack Evenly
CORRECT
INCORRECT
Basket lidded & banded shut
Connector/Stack Pins
Frame Base Plates
Screw Base Plates
U Heads
24”/36” adjustable screws
Taper Tie assemblies (including nuts & washers)
Truss Jacks
Turn Buckles
Any item that is unable to be secured with
banding and shrink wrap. For example:
Must be counted, lidded, and banded shut.
5) Other
WRONG:
No shrink wrap
Damaged pallet
Missing a strap
WRONG:
Bad rigging
No lifting attachment on forklift
No banding or shrink wrap
Production
Safety
Quality
Baker’s values are upheld by each other. When one of these are upheld well, the others also improve.
Increasing safety of transporting resources via semi-trucks through improved procedure
1
Why is securing cargo important?
Fundamentals of preparing and loading cargo
Shrink wrap
Banding
Baskets
Right vs. wrong examples
Lumber
Beams
Misc.
SUCCESS
REPUTATION
RESPONSIBILITY
2
An improperly secured load can result in accidents that can lead to:
Loss of life
Loss of load or damage to cargo
Damage to vehicles and other property
Issuance of citations/fines to you or the company or jail time
Higher insurance rates
Being placed out of service, loss of jobsite time
Fleet shutdown
Damage to Baker Concrete’s reputation`
3
4
Shrink wrap is used to prevent shiftingUsed on cargo stacked on pallets, loose beams, lumber, plywood, etc.Should be tied off to banding after wrapping
5
Steel Banding is used to hold cargo together during transport
Correct positioning, tension, and amount of bands is important
Cannot use perforated (punched) banding for trucking!
6
Baskets are used for smaller cargo or
when other methods are insufficient
Lighter, smaller cargo placed on top of heavier, larger cargo
Any loose or unstable cargo placed on top of rigid or stable cargo
Center the load as low and toward the center as possible, just in
front of the rear axel
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SAFETY is YOUR responsibility to yourself, your family, and your co-workers.
You are not the only one that could get hurt from your actions.
Safety takes continued effort and education to maintain and improve.
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Material Name: # of Bands Shrink Wrp: Other:
2x4s depends on old only Air stack old only
Beams 2 YES All same lengths
Post Shores 2 YES Air stack 2x4
Scaffold Frame 4 NO 20 max stacked upright
Denver Safety Posts 2 YES Air stack 3/4" ply
Yokes 3 YES Ply top
Tripods 2+ YES Bundle 10 max
Mud Sills 4 YES Band on each stack
Buildup 6 YES Band on each stack
Walkway Brackets 3 YES Ply top
Trusses 2 NO Only 3 stacked evenly
Cross Braces 2 YES Air stack 3/4" ply
Wooden Stakes 2 YES Ply base
Gate Clamps 2 YES Dissasembled
Stiff Backs 4+ NO 4 high x 5 wide
Sailboats 2 YES Ply top
Handrails 2 YES Stack evenly
Warning: CHECK IN HANDBOOK FOR EXACT DETAILS ON SECUREMENT
BASKET MATERIAL:
Frame Base Plates
Screw Base Plates
U Heads
36" Adjustable Screws
24" Adjustable Screws
Taper Tie Assembly
Turn Buckles
Truss Jacks