carey v. 24 hour fitness opinion

8/3/2019 Carey v. 24 Hour Fitness Opinion

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u

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eot }bl Wo|}blt` Maw}tag} oe ]lrcw

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LMYCTM G VTCMO. Gatg|a} J|mil:

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a}w ho}ao` }o w}cq vtogllmaìw c`m gohvln ctda}tc}ao` oe Cvvlnnll Job` Gctlq‑w

gncah ]bl maw}tag} go|t} blnm }bc} }bl da`maì ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao` tlnalm |vo`

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tlcwo`w w}c}lm dlnoy. yl CEEATH

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E A N L MJc`|ctq 4<. 4634

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@o 36(462=<

bc`mdook "}bl „Bc`mdook‘! O`l oe }bl wlg}ao`w a` }bl Bc`mdook. l`}a}nlm

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ybl}blt aà}ac}lm dq c` lhvnoqll ot dq 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww. yo|nm dl „tlwonulm o`nq

dq c` ctda}tc}ot }bto|ib ea`cn c`m da`maì ctda}tc}ao`‘ A} wvlgaealm }bc}

mawv|}lw |`mlt }bl Ecat Ncdot W}c`mctmw Cg} "„ENWC‘! yltl choì }bowl w|djlg}

}o }bl hc`mc}otq ctda}tc}ao` vonagq c`m vtouamlm }bc} mawv|}lw gc`ò} dl

dto|ib} cw gncww cg}ao`w ot a` tlvtlwl`}c}aul gcvcga}alw ]bl vonagq cnwo

lrvtlwwnq aùoklm }bl Elmltcn Ctda}tc}ao` Cg} "„ECC‘! cw a}w ioultàì

c|}bota}q

Gctlq wai`lm }bl Lhvnoqll Bc`mdook Tlglav} Cgkòynlmihl`} "}bl

„Cgkòynlmihl`}‘!. a`magc}aì }bc} bl bcm tlglaulm }bl Bc`mdook ]bl

Cgkòynlmihl`} tla}ltc}lm }bl ctda}tc}ao` vonagq: „A citll }bc} ae }bltl aw c

mawv|}l ctawaì o|} oe hq lhvnoqhl`} cw mlwgtadlm a` }bl ‒Ctda}tc}ao` oe

Mawv|}lw‑ vonagq. A yann w|dha} a} lrgn|waulnq }o da`maì c`m ea`cn ctda}tc}ao`

cggotmaì }o a}w }lthw‘ ]bl Cgkòynlmihl`} cnwo w}c}lm }bc} }bl }lthw oe }bl

Bc`mdook ctl w|djlg} }o gbcìl "„Gbcìl(a`(]lthw Gnc|wl‘!:

A cgkòynlmil }bc}. lrglv} eot }bl c}(yann lhvnoqhl`}. 4= Bo|tEa}`lww bcw }bl taib} }o tluawl. mlnl}l. c`m cmm }o }bl lhvnoqll

bc`mdook C`q w|gb tluawao`w }o }bl bc`mdook yann dl

gohh|àgc}lm }bto|ib oeeagacn yta}}l` ò}aglw cvvtoulm dq }bl

Vtlwaml`} c`m GLO oe 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww ot }blat wvlgaealm mlwai`ll

@o otcn w}c}lhl`}w gc` gbcìl }bl vtouawao`w oe }bl lhvnoqll

bc`mdook

Ce}lt Gctlq‑w lhvnoqhl`} l`mlm. bl eanlm }baw gncww cg}ao` cica`w} 4= Bo|t

Ea}`lww. cnnliaì }bc} a} bcm uaonc}lm }bl ENWC dq ecanaì }o cmls|c}lnq

gohvl`wc}l bah c`m o}blt wahanctnq(wa}|c}lm lhvnoqllw eot oult}ahl yotk 4=

Bo|t Ea}`lww houlm }bl maw}tag} go|t} }o w}cq a}w vtogllmaìw c`m }o gohvln

ctda}tc}ao` oe Gctlq‑w gncah A` baw tlwvo`wl }o }bc} ho}ao`. Gctlq cti|lm }bc}

}bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} ycw ann|wotq dlgc|wl 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww tl}ca`lm }bl

4




@o 36(462=<

taib} }o |ànc}ltcnnq chl`m }bl citllhl } ]bl maw}tag} go|t} citllm ya}b3

Gctlq. bonmaì }bc} }bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} ycw ann|wotq A} }bltleotl mlàlm

4= Bo|t Ea}`lww‑w ho}ao` }o w}cq c`m gohvln ctda}tc}ao` 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww }ahlnq

eanlm }baw cvvlcn

AA. J\TAWMAG]AO@ C@M W]C@MCTM OE TLUALY

Gctlq dto|ib} c gohvnca`} |`mlt }bl ENWC. wo }bl maw}tag} go|t} bcm

j|tawmag}ao` |`mlt 41 \WG © 435"d! c`m 42 \WG © 3773 ]baw go|t} bcw

cvvlnnc}l j|tawmag}ao` |`mlt }bl ECC. wvlgaeagcnnq 1 \WG © 35"c!"3!"C! c`m "D!.

ybagb cnnoyw na}aic`}w }o dtaì c` a`}ltnog|}otq cvvlcn oe c` otmlt tle|waì c

w}cq ot ml`qaì c vl}a}ao` }o gohvln ctda}tc}ao`

]baw go|t} tlualyw }bl itc`} ot mlàcn oe c ho}ao` }o gohvln ctda}tc}ao` ml

òuo Hottawo` u. Chycq Gotv.. <39 E7m 4=2. 4<7 "<}b Gat 4662!

AAA. MAWG\WWAO@

A` t|naì |vo` c ho}ao` }o gohvln ctda}tc}ao`. }bl go|t} eatw} ml}ltha`lw

ybl}blt }bl vct}alw citllm }o ctda}tc}l }bl vct}ag|nct }qvl oe mawv|}l c} aww|l

JV Hotic` Gbcwl % Go. u. Go`lial lr tln. Nll. =14 E7m <15. <12 "<}b Gat 4669!

C`wyltaì }baw s|lw}ao` tls|atlw go`wamltaì }yo aww|lw: „"3! ybl}blt }bltl awc ucnam citllhl`} }o ctda}tc}l dl}yll` }bl vct}alw; c`m "4! ybl}blt }bl mawv|}l

a` s|lw}ao` ecnnw ya}ba` }bl wgovl oe }bc} ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`}‘ Am. "a`}lt`cn

s|o}c}ao` hctkw oha}}lm! Gctlq molw ò} cti|l }bc} baw ENWC gncah ecnnw

o|}waml }bl wgovl oe }bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} Tc}blt. bl gbcnnlìlw }bl eatw}

aww|l. gncahaì }bc} }bl citllhl`} }o ctda}tc}l aw ann|wotq c`m aùcnam

]bl ECC tlenlg}w c „‒nadltcn elmltcn vonagq ecuotaì ctda}tc}ao`‑‘

Gohv|Gtlma} Gotv. u. Itll`yoom. ”W G}”. @o 36(1=2. 4634 YN =7<3=. c} *7

"Jc` 36. 4634! "s|o}aì Howlw B. Go`l Hlh‑n Bowv. u. Hltg|tq Go`w}t. Gotv..

=56 \W 3. 4= "3127!! Boylult. }bl „elmltcn vonagq ecuotaì ctda}tc}ao` molw o}

Gctlq cnwo cti|lm dlnoy }bc} }bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} uaonc}lm }bl Momm(Etc`k Cg}3

oe 4636. c` cti|hl`} bl bcw cdc`mo`lm o` cvvlcn

7




@o 36(462=<

cvvnq }o }bl ml}ltha`c}ao` oe ybl}blt }bltl aw c ucnam citllhl`} }o ctda}tc}l

dl}yll` }bl vct}alw‘ Hottawo`. <39 E7m c} 4<= "a`}lt`cn s|o}c}ao` hctkw

oha}}lm! Iaul` }bl „e|`mchl`}cn vta`gavnl }bc} ctda}tc}ao` aw c hc}}lt oe

go`}tcg}.‘ C]%] Hodana}q NNG u Go`glvgao . 373 W G} 39=6. 39=< "4633!

"a`}lt`cn s|o}c}ao` hctkw oha}}lm!. }o ml}ltha`l ybl}blt c` citllhl`} }o

ctda}tc}l aw ucnam. go|t}w cvvnq „otma`ctq w}c}l(ncy vta`gavnlw }bc} ioult` }bl

eothc}ao` oe go`}tcg}w‘ Hottawo`. <39 E7m c} 4<= "a`}lt`cn s|o}c}ao` hctkw

oha}}lm! Do}b vct}alw citll }bc} ]lrcw ncy cvvnalw

\`mlt ]lrcw ncy. c` ctda}tc}ao` gnc|wl aw ann|wotq ae o`l vct}q gc` „cuoam

a}w vtohawl }o ctda}tc}l dq chl`maì }bl vtouawao` ot }ltha`c}aì a} cn}oil}blt‘

A` tl 4=T. A`g. 74= WY7m <5=. <59 "]lr 4636! V|} maeeltl`}nq. ybltl o`l

vct}q }o c` ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} wllkw }o aùokl ctda}tc}ao` }o wl}}nl c mawv|}l.

ae }bl o}blt vct}q gc` w|mml`nq gbcìl }bl }lthw oe }bl citllhl`} }o cuoam

ctda}tc}ao`. }bl` }bl citllhl`} ycw ann|wotq etoh }bl o|}wl} ]bl gt|r oe }baw

aww|l aw ybl}blt 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww bcw }bl voylt }o hckl gbcìlw }o a}w

ctda}tc}ao` vonagq }bc} bcul tl}tocg}aul leelg}. hlcàì gbcìlw }o }bl vonagq }bc}

yo|nm w}tav }bl taib} oe ctda}tc}ao` etoh c` lhvnoqll ybo bcw cntlcmq c}}lhv}lm}o aùokl a} Wll ]ottlw u WIL Hih}. NNG . 719 E Cvv‑r 57. 52 "<}b Gat 4636!

"|`v|dnawblm! "w|hhctazaì wlultcn ]lrcw c`m Eae}b Gatg|a} gcwlw cw

„w|iilw}[aìX }bc} }bl ncgk oe c ò}agl ya`moy dleotl c`q lnaha`c}ao` oe }bl

[ctda}tc}ao`X gnc|wl dlgohlw leelg}aul c`m }bl cdana}q }o chl`m }bl citllhl`}

tl}tocg}aulnq wo cw }o cuoam c`q vtohawl }o ctda}tc}l ctl ecg}otw a`magc}aì }bc}

}bl citllhl`} hcq dl ann|wotq‘ "lhvbcwaw cmmlm!!

O|t mlgawao` a` Hottawo` u Chycq Gotv aw a`w}t|g}aul A` }bc} gcwl.

cvvnqaì ]lrcw ncy. yl tle|wlm }o lèotgl c` ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} }bc} ycw

gcvcdnl oe dlaì tl}tocg}aulnq homaealm <39 E7m c} 4<9 Hottawo` aùonulm c

mawv|}l ctawaì o|} oe c maw}tad|}otwbav citllhl`} Am c} 4<6‗<3 ]bl

maw}tad|}otwbav citllhl } tls|atlm cnn maw}tad|}otw }o gohvnq ya}b glt}ca` „T|nlw

=

Gcwl: 36(462=< Mog|hl`}: 66<3397<246 Vcil: = Mc}l Eanlm: 63/4</4634



@o 36(462=<

oe Go`m|g}‘ cw }blq yltl „chl`mlm c`m v|dnawblm etoh }ahl }o }ahl a` oeeagacn

Chycq na}ltc}|tl‘ Am c} 4<7 "a`}lt`cn s|o}c}ao` hctkw oha}}lm! Go`}ca`lm

ya}ba` }bl T|nlw oe Go`m|g} ycw c` ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao` Am c} 4<9 Yl

go`gn|mlm }bc} }bltl ycw „ò}baì a` c`q oe }bl tlnluc`} mog|hl`}w ybagb

vtlgn|ml[mX lnaha`c}aì }bl l`}atl ctda}tc}ao` vtoitch ot a}w cvvnagcdana}q }o

glt}ca` gncahw ot mawv|}lw wo }bc} hc`mc}otq ctda}tc}ao` yo|nm ò noìlt dl

cucancdnl lul` cw }o mawv|}lw ybagb bcm ctawl` c`m oe ybagb Chycq bcm ò}agl

vtaot }o v|dnagc}ao` [oe }bl gbcìlX‘ Am Dlgc|wl Chycq ycw cdnl }o chl`m a}w

vonagq c`m }b|w tl`lil o` a}w vtohawl }o ctda}tc}l lul` a` }bl go`}lr} oe mawv|}lw

cntlcmq |`mltycq. yl blnm }bc} a}w citllhl`} }o ctda}tc}l ycw ann|wotq Am

A` tlcgbaì }baw go`gn|wao`. yl maw}aì|awblm }bl ecg}w a` Hottawo` etoh

}bowl a` A` tl Bcnnad|t}o` Go. 26 WY7m <55 "]lr 4664! A` }bc} gcwl. c

Bcnnad|t}o` lhvnoqll cti|lm }bc} c hc`mc}otq ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao` ycw

ann|wotq dlgc|wl Bcnnad|t}o` bcm tl}ca`lm }bl taib} }o homaeq ot mawgo`}a`|l }bl

vtoitch Am c} <51 A` bonmaì }bc} }bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} ycw o} ann|wotq.

}bl ]lrcw W|vtlhl Go|t} eog|wlm o` }yo klq vtouawao`w: o`l w}c}lm }bc} „ò

chl`mhl`} wbcnn cvvnq }o c Mawv|}l oe ybagb }bl Wvo`wot [Bcnnad|t}o`X bcmcg}|cn ò}agl o` }bl mc}l oe chl`mhl`}‘; }bl o}blt w}c}lm }bc} c`q }ltha`c}ao`

oe }bl ctda}tc}ao` vtoitch „wbcnn ò} dl leelg}aul |`}an 36 mcqw ce}lt tlcwo`cdnl

ò}agl oe }ltha`c}ao` aw iaul` }o Lhvnoqllw ot cw }o Mawv|}lw ybagb ctowl vtaot

}o }bl mc}l oe }ltha`c}ao`‘ Am c} <51‗96 "a`}lt`cn s|o}c}ao` hctkw oha}}lm!

Dlgc|wl oe }blwl vtouawao`w. }bl go|t} blnm }bc} „Bcnnad|t}o` gc`ò} cuoam a}w

vtohawl }o ctda}tc}l dq chl`maì ot }ltha`c}aì a} cn}oil}blt‘ Am c} <96 A}

ycw }bl cdwl`gl oe w|gb c „Bcnnad|t}o` }qvl wcuaìw gnc|wl[X‘ }bc} gc|wlm }bl

Hottawo` go|t} }o bonm }bc} }bl ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao` c} aww|l ycw ann|wotq <39

E7m c} 4<9; wll cnwo A` tl Omqwwlq Blcn}bgctl. A`g. 736 WY7m =31. =43. =4=

"]lr 4636! "bonmaì }bc} c` ctda}tc}ao` gnc|wl a` c yotkltw‑ gohvl`wc}ao` vnc`

ycw ò} ann|wotq ybltl. cn}bo|ib }bl lhvnoqlt tlwltulm }bl taib} }o „chl`m.

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Gcwl: 36(462=< Mog|hl`}: 66<3397<246 Vcil: < Mc}l Eanlm: 63/4</4634



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homaeq. ot }ltha`c}l }bl Vnc` c} c`q }ahl.‘ a} cnwo vtouamlm }bc} „ò w|gb

chl`mhl`} ot }ltha`c}ao` yann cn}lt }bl ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao`w ya}b tlwvlg}

}o c` A`j|tq ogg|ttaì vtaot }o }bl mc}l oe w|gb chl`mhl`} ot }ltha`c}ao`‘!

Gctlq cti|lw }bc} }bl ctda}tc}ao` gnc|wl a` }bl Bc`mdook aw ann|wotq

dlgc|wl }bl Gbcìl(a`(]lthw Gnc|wl yo|nm cnnoy 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww }o

|ànc}ltcnnq cuoam a}w vtohawl }o ctda}tc}l dq homaeqaì }bl Bc`mdook ]bl

Cgkòynlmihl`} iaulw 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww }bl „taib} }o tluawl. mlnl}l. c`m cmm }o

}bl lhvnoqll bc`mdook‘ a` ybagb }bl ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao` aw nogc}lm Cw a`

Hottawo`. }bltl aw o „Bcnnad|t}o` }qvl wcuaìw gnc|wl‘ a` }bl Cgkòynlmihl`}

}bc} naha}w 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww‑w cdana}q }o hckl tl}tocg}aul homaeagc}ao`w }o }bl

ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao` Ae c 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww lhvnoqll wo|ib} }o aùokl

ctda}tc}ao` ya}b }bl gohvc`q v|tw|c`} }o }bl citllhl`}. o}baì yo|nm vtlul`}

4= Bo|t Ea}`lww etoh gbcìaì }bl citllhl`} c`m hckaì }bowl gbcìlw

cvvnagcdnl }o }bc} vl`maì mawv|}l ae a} ml}ltha`lm }bc} ctda}tc}ao` ycw o noìlt

a` a}w a`}ltlw} A` leelg}. }bl citllhl`} cnnoyw 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww }o bonm a}w

lhvnoqllw }o }bl vtohawl }o ctda}tc}l ybanl tlwltuaì a}w oy` lwgcvl bc}gb

4= Bo|t Ea}`lww cti|lw }bc} a}w Cgkòynlmihl`} wbo|nm ò} dl tlcm }ocnnoy tl}tocg}aul gbcìlw a` a}w ctda}tc}ao` vonagq ybl` a} molw ò} lrvtlwwnq

vtouaml eot tl}tocg}aua}q ]baw cti|hl`} aiòtlw }baw go|t}‑w bonmaìw a` ]ottlw.

719 E Cvv‑r c} 52. c`m Hottawo`. <39 E7m c} 4<9. a` ybagb wanl`gl cdo|} }bl

vowwadnl tl}tocg}aul cvvnagc}ao` oe chl`mhl`}w }o }bl ctda}tc}ao` vonagq ycw

a`}ltvtl}lm }o cnnoy chl`mhl`}w }o cvvnq tl}tocg}aulnq

4= Bo|t Ea}`lww cnwo cti|lw }bc} }bl Gbcìl(a`(]lthw Gnc|wl molw ò}

cnnoy a} }o |ànc}ltcnnq homaeq }bl Bc`mdook Dlgc|wl }bl Gbcìl(a`(]lthw

Gnc|wl go`}ca`w c vtouawao` tlnc}aì }o ò}agl "„C`q tluawao`w }o }bl

bc`mdook yann dl gohh|àgc}lm }bto|ib oeeagacn yta}}l` o}aglw cvvtoulm dq }bl

Vtlwaml`} c`m GLO oe 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww ‘!. 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww cti|lw }bc} c`q

gbcìl yo|nm o} dlgohl da`maì |vo` Gctlq |`}an bl "3! tlglaulm o}agl oe }bc}

5




@o 36(462=<

gbcìl c`m "4! cgglv}lm }bl gbcìl dq go`}a`|aì baw lhvnoqhl`} A} go`gn|mlw

}bc} a} }bltleotl ncgkw }bl voylt }o |ànc}ltcnnq homaeq }bl ctda}tc}ao` gnc|wl

ya}bo|} od}caàì Gctlq‑w cwwl`}

Cn}bo|ib 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww aw gottlg} }bc} a} aw `lglwwctq eot c` lhvnoqlt

wllkaì }o gbcìl }bl }lthw oe c` lhvnoqhl`} go`}tcg} }o vtoul ò}agl c`m

cgglv}c`gl oe }bowl gbcìlw. a} molw o} eonnoy }bc} }blwl }yo w}lvw ctl w|eeagal`}

}o hckl c go`}tcg} o`(ann|wotq Bcnnad|t}o` hcklw }baw gnlct A` }bc} gcwl. }bl

go|t} mawg|wwlm }bl vtovowa}ao` }bc} c` lhvnoqlt h|w} iaul o}agl c`m od}ca` a}w

lhvnoqllw‑ cgglv}c`gl oe c`q gbcìlw }o }bl }lthw oe lhvnoqhl`} 26 WY7m

c} <52 A} cnwo blnm }bc} Bcnnad|t}o` bcm wc}awealm }blwl tls|atlhl`}w c`m }bc}

}bl vnca`}aee bcm cgglv}lm a}w ahvowa}ao` oe c mawv|}l tlwon|}ao` vtoitch cw c

hc}}lt oe ncy Am c} <51 Ae ò}agl c`m cgglv}c`gl yltl cnn }bc} yltl tls|atlm

}o hckl c` ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} ò`(ann|wotq. }bl go|t} go|nm bcul c`wyltlm

}bl s|lw}ao` oe ann|wota`lww c} o`gl |vo` ea`maì }bc} Bcnnad|t}o` bcm wc}awealm

}bowl tls|atlhl`}w A`w}lcm. nc}lt a` }bl ovaào`. }bl go|t} lhdctklm |vo` c

gohvnl}lnq wlvctc}l mawg|wwao` oe ybl}blt }bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} ycw

ann|wotq Am c} <51‗96 @oybltl a` }bc} mawg|wwao` mam }bl go|t} w|iilw} }bc}a}w lctnalt bonmaì”}bc} o}agl c`m cgglv}c`gl oe }bl gbcìl bcm ogg|ttlm”ycw

w|eeagal`} }o c`wylt }bc} s|lw}ao`. ot lul` }bc} a} ecg}otlm a`}o }bl a`s|atq c} cnn

Am A`w}lcm. }bl go|t}‑w c`cnqwaw oe ybl}blt }bl citllhl`} ycw ann|wotq mlcn}

lrgn|waulnq ya}b }bl wcuaìw gnc|wl vtlul`}aì c`q gbcìlw etoh bcuaì

tl}tocg}aul leelg} Am 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww bcw ò} cti|lm }bc} }bl ò}agl c`m

cgglv}c`gl tls|atlhl`}w yo|nm vtlul`} a} etoh tl}tocg}aulnq lnaha`c}aì a}w

ctda}tc}ao` vonagq. ybagb aw }bl gta}agcn a`s|atq eot ml}lthaàì ybl}blt c`

citllhl`} aw ann|wotq

4= Bo|t Ea}`lww ga}lw wlultcn gcwlw a` w|vvot} oe a}w cti|hl`} }bc} c`

ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} aw ò} ann|wotq wo noì cw }bl vct}q tlwltuaì }bl taib} }o

gbcìl a}w }lthw h|w} vtouaml o}agl oe c`q gbcìlw Wll. li. Zchotc u Wyae}

9




@o 36(462=<

]tc`wv Gotv. 731 E Cvv‑r 777. 77= "<}b Gat 4661! "|`v|dnawblm! "ceeathaì a`

c o`l(vcil ovaào` }bl maw}tag} go|t}‑w bonmaì }bc} c` ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} ycw

ann|wotq dlgc|wl }bl lhvnoqlt „tlwltulm }bl taib} }o tluokl ot homaeq }bl

citllhl`}w c} c`q }ahl ya}bo|} ò}agl‘!; JH Mcuamwo`. A`g u Yldw}lt. 342

WY7m 447. 441‗73 "]lr 4667! "w|iilw}aì }bc} ae c` lhvnoqlt‑w tlwltuc}ao` oe

}bl taib} }o |ànc}ltcnnq homaeq c`q vltwo``ln vonagq ya}bo|} ò}agl cvvnalm }o

a}w ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} }bc} }bl citllhl`} yo|nm dl tl`mltlm ann|wotq!

Boylult. do}b ]ottlw c`m Hottawo` bonm }bc} ò}agl aw a`w|eeagal`} ybl`

tl}tocg}aul chl`mhl`} aw vowwadnl A` ]ottlw. yl go`wamltlm c` ctda}tc}ao`

vtouawao` }o ybagb chl`mhl`}w yo|nm dlgohl da`maì „|vo` ò}agl‘ „ot dq

v|dnagc}ao`‘ 719 E Cvv‑r c} 55 Mlwva}l }bl ecg} }bc} ò}agl ycw dlaì

vtouamlm. yl blnm }bc} dlgc|wl chl`mhl`}w dlgchl leelg}aul ahhlmac}lnq c`m

dlgc|wl }bltl ycw ò wcuaìw gnc|wl lrglv}aì vl`maì mawv|}lw etoh

chl`mhl`}. }bl citllhl`} ycw ann|wotq Am c} 52 Wahanctnq. a` Hottawo`.

chl`mhl`}w }o }bl ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao` yltl }o dl „v|dnawblm a` oeeagacn

Chycq na}ltc}|tl‘ <39 E7m c} 4<= Mlwva}l }baw vtouawao` eot ò}aeqaì a}w

maw}tad|}otw oe gbcìlw }o }bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`}. yl w}ann blnm }bc} }blcitllhl`} ycw ann|wotq: „Ybanl a} aw aèltcdnl }bc} c` chl`mhl`} }b|w

|ànc}ltcnnq hcml dq Chycq }o }bl ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao` yo|nm ò} dlgohl

leelg}aul |`}an v|dnawblm. }bltl aw ò}baì }o w|iilw} }bc} o`gl v|dnawblm }bl

chl`mhl`} yo|nm dl a`cvvnagcdnl }o mawv|}lw ctawaì. ot ctawaì o|} oe lul`}w

ogg|ttaì. dleotl w|gb v|dnagc}ao`‘ Am

O|t go`gn|wao` }bc} ò}agl c`m cgglv}c`gl ctl ò} w|eeagal`} }o tl`mlt c`

ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao` o`(ann|wotq aw donw}ltlm dq Yllknlq Bohlw. NV u Tco. 775

WY7m =37 "]lr Cvv”Mcnncw 4633. vl} mlàlm! A` }bc} gcwl. c` lhvnoqlt

wo|ib} }o gohvln ctda}tc}ao` oe c` lhvnoqll‑w ncyw|a} dcwlm |vo` c` ctda}tc}ao`

vtouawao` go`}ca`lm ya}ba` }bl lhvnoqll bc`mdook Am c} =3< ]bl lhvnoqll

cti|lm }bc} }bl ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao` ycw ann|wotq dlgc|wl }bl bc`mdook w}c}lm

2




@o 36(462=<

}bc} }bl vonagalw go`}ca`lm }bltla` yltl „ò} }o dl a`}ltvtl}lm cw c vtohawl dq

}bl Gohvc`q }bc} c`q vct}ag|nct wa}|c}ao` yann dl bc`mnlm a` }bl lrvtlww

hc``lt wl} eot}b a` }bl }lr}‘ Am. "a`}lt`cn s|o}c}ao` hctkw oha}}lm! ]bl go|t}

ò}lm }bl vtovowa}ao` }bc} c „vct}q cwwlt}aì c gbcìl }o c` c}(yann lhvnoqhl`}

go`}tcg} h|w} vtoul }yo }baìw: "3! ò}agl oe }bl gbcìl. c`m "4! cgglv}c`gl oe

}bl gbcìl‘ Am. c} =32 "a`}lt`cn s|o}c}ao` hctkw oha}}lm! ]bl go|t} cnwo

w}c}lm }bc} „dq go`}a`|aì }o yotk eot c` lhvnoqlt ce}lt tlglauaì }bl ò}agl. ot

vcw} }bl leelg}aul mc}l oe }bl ctda}tc}ao` vonagq ae o`l aw vtouamlm. c` lhvnoqll

cgglv}w }bl citllhl`} }o ctda}tc}l cw c hc}}lt oe ncy‘ Am. c} =32‗31 A`

cmma}ao`. }bl lhvnoqll go`glmlm }bc} bl bcm tlglaulm }bl bc`mdook c`m c` lhcan

„goèath[aìX }bc} [blX |`mltw}[ooXm c`m citll[mX }o cdaml dq }bl vonagalw c`m

vtoglm|tlw‘ go`}ca`lm a` }bl bc`mdook Am. c} =39 Mlwva}l }bl luaml`gl oe

ò}agl c`m cgglv}c`gl. }bl go|t} `lult}blnlww blnm }bc} }bl citllhl`} }o

ctda}tc}l ycw ann|wotq Am. c} =43 ]bl go|t} w}c}lm:

[YXl gc`ò} citll ya}b }bl Yllknlq Vct}alw‑ go`}l`}ao` }bc} }bl

vtohawl }o ctda}tc}l aw ò} ann|wotq dlgc|wl }bl Bc`mdook w}c}lw

}bc} lhvnoqllw yann tlglaul o}aeagc}ao` oe c`q gbcìlw Ybanl }bltl

aw ò s|lw}ao` }bc} }bl Bc`mdook w}c}lw lhvnoqllw yann dl ò}aealmae }bl Bc`mdook‑w vonagalw ctl homaealm. a} molw ò} w}c}l }bc} c`q

homaeagc}ao`w yann o`nq cvvnq vtowvlg}aulnq ]bl vnca` ncì|cil oe

}bl homaeagc}ao` vtouawao` iaulw Yllknlq Bohlw }bl |ànc}ltcn

voylt. c} c`q }ahl. }o lnlg} ò} }o lèotgl c`q vonagq ot vtouawao` a`

}bl Bc`mdook

Am. "a`}lt`cn ga}c}ao`w oha}}lm!

1




@o 36(462=<

Yl ea`m }bl tlcwoàì a` Yllknlq Bohlw gohvlnna i. c`m goèathlm dq o|t4

a`}ltvtl}c}ao` oe Bcnnad|t}o`. c gcwl ga}lm ecuotcdnq dq uat}|cnnq cnn oe }bl go|t}w

cmmtlwwaì }bl aww|l oe ybl}blt ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`}w ctl ann|wotq7

Bcnnad|t}o` blnm }bc} }bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} c} aww|l ycw ò} ann|wotq

dlgc|wl Bcnnad|t}o` go|nm ò} „cuoam a}w vtohawl }o ctda}tc}l dq chl`maì }bl

vtouawao` ot }ltha`c}aì a} cn}oil}blt‘ 26 WY7m c} <96 ]b|w. }bl

e|`mchl`}cn go`glt` mtauaì }baw na`l oe gcwl ncy aw }bl |ècat`lww oe c wa}|c}ao`

ybltl }yo vct}alw l`}lt a`}o c` citllhl`} }bc} ow}l`wadnq da`mw }blh do}b. d|}

ybltl o`l vct}q gc` lwgcvl a}w odnaic}ao`w |`mlt }bl citllhl`} dq homaeqaì a}

Tls|ataì ò}agl cno`l molw ò} e|nnq cmmtlww }baw go`glt`: ae c` lhvnoqlt

vtouamlm eot 36(mcq ò}agl oe c`q gbcìl }o a}w ctda}tc}ao` vtouawao`. }baw go|nm

w}ann cti|cdnq cnnoy a} }o cuoam a}w vtohawl }o ctda}tc}l cw }o gncahw }bc} yltl

cntlcmq a` vtoitlww. |`nlww }bltl yltl wohl vtouawao` vtlul`}aì gbcìlw etoh

cvvnqaì }o a`(vtoitlww mawv|}lw ]baw go`glt` aw blaib}l`lm |`mlt }bl ecg}w

]bl gcwlw tlnalm |vo` dq 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww mo o} vltw|cml |w 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww cti|lw4

}bc} A` tl Mannctm Mlvct}hl`} W}otlw. A`g. 312 WY7m 992 "]lr 4665!. lw}cdnawblw }bc} c`

lhvnoqlt bcw ò voylt }o |ànc}ltcnnq homaeq }bl }lthw oe lhvnoqhl`}. wa`gl }bl lhvnoqll

h|w} dl o}aealm oe c`m cgglv} c`q homaeagc}ao`w eot }blh }o dl leelg}aul Boylult. }bl gta}agcnmaw}a`g}ao` dl}yll Mannctm c`m }baw gcwl aw }bc} }bltl ycw o lrvtlww tlwltuc}ao` oe Mannctm‑w

taib} }o chl`m }bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} Am c} 923; wll cnwo Hottawo`. <39 E7m c} 4<5 36

"tljlg}aì c wahanct cti|hl`} go`gltàì Mannctm! Mannctm aw }bltleotl a`cvvowa}l ]bl wchl

gc` dl wcam eot MT Bot}o`. A`g u Dtookw. 469 WY7m 254 "]lr Cvv”Bo|w}o` [3=}b Maw}X

4665. ò vl}!. tlnalm |vo` dq 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww eot }bl vtovowa}ao` }bc} ò}agl aw cnn }bc} aw

tls|atlm }o kllv c` ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} etoh dlaì ann|wotq Wll am c} 251 MT Bot}o`

aw maw}aì|awbcdnl dlgc|wl }bltl }bl go|t} eo|`m }bc} }bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} ycw ò}

w|djlg} }o }bl gbcìl(a`(}lthw vtouawao` Am c} 252‗51 ]bl ncì|cil tlnalm |vo` dq 4= Bo|t

Ea}`lww aw mag}c. am c} 251. }bc} yl mlgna`l }o eonnoy bltl Ea`cnnq. 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww ga}lw }o

Adltac Gtlma} D|tlc| A`g u Gaì|nct Yatlnlww NNG . 791 E7m 3<1 "<}b Gat 466=! W}c}l

go`}tcg} ncy ioult`w ybl}blt c` ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`} aw ucnam. Hottawo`. <39 E7m c} 4<=.

c`m a` Adltac }baw go|t} ycw cvvnqaì No|awac`c ncy 791 E7m c} 394 Ybanl ò}agl hcq dl

w|eeagal`} |`mlt No|awac`c ncy. am c} 397‗9=. }baw go|t} bcw go`gn|mlm }bc} a} aw o} w|eeagal`}

|`mlt ]lrcw ncy a` ]ottlw c`m Hottawo`

Wll. li. ]ottlw. 719 E Cvv‑r c} 55; Hottawo`. <39 E7m c} 4<=‗<<; Omqwwlq7

Blcn}bgctl. 736 WY7m c} =4=; A` tl Mannctm Mlv‑} W}otlw. A`g. 312 WY7m 992. 924 "]lr

4665!; JH Mcuamwo`. 342 WY7m c} 442; Yllknlq Bohlw. 775 WY7m c} =32‗43; MT Bot}o`.

469 WY7m c} 251

36




@o 36(462=<

vtlwl`}lm bltl. dlgc|wl 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww molw ò} vtouaml c mleaà}l ò}agl

ya`moy A`mllm. a} cvvlctw }bc} chl`mhl`}w go|nm dlgohl da`maì cnhow}

a`w}c`}c`lo|wnq |vo` „oeeagacn yta}}l` ò}agl‘=

AU. GO@GN\WAO@

Eot }bl eotlioaì tlcwo`w. yl bonm }bc} }bl ctda}tc}ao` citllhl`}

go`}ca`lm a` }bl 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww lhvnoqll bc`mdook ycw ann|wotq ]bltleotl.

Gctlq aw ò} do|`m dq }bl vtouawao` c`m 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww gc`ò} gohvln

ctda}tc}ao` }o io eotyctm ]bl j|mihl`} oe }bl maw}tag} go|t} aw CEEATHLM

4= Bo|t Ea}`lww cti|lw }bc} do}b ]ottlw c`m Hottawo` ctl maw}aì|awbcdnl dlgc|wl=

}blq vtouamlm eot chl`mhl`}w }bc} yo|nm dl c|}ohc}agcnnq da`maì |vo` ò}agl 4= Bo|t

Ea}`lww cti|lw }bc} a}w chl`mhl`}w yo|nm ò} dl c|}ohc}agcnnq da`maì. dlgc|wl lhvnoqllw

bcul }bl ovvot}|à}q }o cgglv} }bl gbcìlw dq go`}a`|aì }o yotk. ot tljlg}aì }bl gbcìlw dq

s|a}}aì Yl mo ò} ea`m }baw maw}a`g}ao` hlcàìe|n Cn}bo|ib 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww‑w

Cgkòynlmihl`} molw ò} |wl }bl vbtcwl „c|}ohc}agcnnq da`maì.‘ `la}blt molw a} vtouaml c

s|c`}aeacdnl ò}agl ya`moy dleotl chl`mhl`}w }ckl leelg} Ge. Bcnnad|t}o`. 26 WY7m c}

<51‗96 "vtouamaì c 36(mcq ò}agl ya`moy a` cmma}ao` }o c wcuaìw gnc|wl!; Omqwwlq. 736

WY7m c} =4= "vtouamaì c 3=(mcq ya`moy c`m c wcuaìw gnc|wl!; A` tl Cmuc`glVGW Blcn}b

NV . 394 WY7m 567. 56< "]lr 466<! "vtouamaì c 76(mcq ya`moy c`m c wcuaìw gnc|wl!

Cdwl`} c ò}agl ya`moy. 4= Bo|t Ea}`lww glt}ca`nq wllhw }o bcul }bl voylt }o hckl a}w

chl`mhl`}w da`maì |vo` ò}agl A` cmma}ao`. cw Gctlq voa`}w o|}. „[}Xbltl aw o ncì|cil a`

}bl citllhl`} ot tlnc}lm mog|hl`}w w|iilw}aì }bc}. ae Ht Gctlq mam s|a} a` tlwvo`wl }o c

ò}agl oe chl`mhl`}. bl go|nm cuoam cvvnagc}ao` oe }bl chl`mhl`}w }o mawv|}lw ctawaì dleotl

ò}agl oe }bl chl`mhl`}.‘ ybagb cw mawg|wwlm cdoul aw }bl gta}agcn aww|l

33


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