cardiovascular system. shape of heart male 310 g - female 225g apex - blunt point top - base 2/3 to...
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![Page 1: Cardiovascular System. Shape of Heart Male 310 g - female 225g Apex - blunt point Top - base 2/3 to the left Rest on diaphragm 5th & 6th rib](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c31c9f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cardiovascular System
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Shape of Heart
• Male 310 g - female 225g
• Apex - blunt point
• Top - base
• 2/3 to the left
• Rest on diaphragm
• 5th & 6th rib
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Size of things
• Infant 1/130 of total weight
• Adult 1/300 of total weight
• 4 ¾ long, 3 ½ wide, and 2 ½ deep
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Valves
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Blood pathway
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Blood Vessels
• All Blood vessels– Smooth muscle– Elastic- collagen– 3 layers
• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins
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Arteries
• Carries blood away from heart
• Largest vessels
• Arterioles are smallest
• Precapillary sphincters– Regulate blood flow to capillaries
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Capillaries
• Microscopic
• Over 1 billion
• Some organs have more and some avascular
• 3 types
• Transfer of– O2, CO2 & nutrients
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Veins
• Carries blood to heart
• Smallest venules
• Get larger as they move blood to the heart
• Stretch to accomodate blood
• One-way valves
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EKG or ECG
• Electrocardiography
• Measures the electrical activity of the heart.
• Shows contraction of the heart
• Speed
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PQRST Wave
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PQRST
• P wave –SA node (pace maker) starts stimulus and atria contract.
• QRS wave – moves to Purkinje fibers and contract the ventrical
• T- wave repolarizes- muscles go back to normal and expand back to shape
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Nodes
• 1. SA node (Sinoatrial) – pace maker
• 2. AV node (Atrioventricular) base of Rt Atrium.
• 3 Purkinje fibers – go down the septum to apex then up the side of the ventricles.
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Hole in Heart
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Heart Structure
• Murmur (valves)– Rheumatic fever- Streptococcal infection
• Atherosclerosis
• Angina Pectoris
• Coronary bypass
• Pulmonary Edema (right side)
• Congestive heart failure (CHF) left side
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Cardiomyopathy
• Abnormal large heart
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy– Death of young athletes
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Blood Vessels
• Varicose Veins
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Cardovascular Disorder
• Hypertension – high blood pressure 140/90
• Heart beats– Heart block AV node is block– Brachycardia – slow below 60– Tachycardia – fast over 100– Sinus dysrhythmia- inhaling & exhaling
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Disease of the Heart
• Fibrillation: Contraction in not rhythmic
• Septic shock – infectious agents releases toxins into blood