cardiovascular physiology capillary circulation dr syed shahid habib mbbs dsdm fcps associate...
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CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
CAPILLARY CIRCULATION
DR SYED SHAHID HABIBMBBS DSDM FCPSAssociate ProfessorDept. of Physiology
College of Medicine & KKUH
DR SYED SHAHID HABIBMBBS DSDM FCPSAssociate ProfessorDept. of Physiology
College of Medicine & KKUH
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• Describe the structure of the Microcirculation and Capillary System
• Explain type of Blood Flow in the Capillaries (Vasomotion) and its regulation
• Know Four Primary Hydrostatic and Colloid Osmotic Forces that Determine Fluid Movement Through the Capillary Membrane
• Role of the Lymphatic System• List Causes of Extracellular Edema and factors
that Increase Capillary Filtration
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lecture you should be able to
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DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD
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Types of CapillariesContinuous: muscles, lungs, adipose tissue, and central nervous systemFenestrated: kidneys, endocrine glands and intestinesDiscontinuous: bone marrow, liver, and spleen
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Structure of the capillary wall
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Diffusion Through theCapillary Membrane
Lipid-Soluble Substances Can Diffuse Directly Through the CellMembranes of the Capillary Endothelium
Water-Soluble, Non-Lipid-Soluble Substances Diffuse OnlyThrough Intercellular “Pores” in the Capillary Membrane
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Structure of the interstitium
“Gel” in the Interstitium
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Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure
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MECHANISM OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW CONTROL
ACUTE CONTROL LONG TERM CONTROL
•OXYGEN DEMAND THEORY•VASODILATOR THEORY
• Adenosine• Carbon Dioxide• Lactic Acid• Adenosine PO4 Compounds• Histamine• Potassium• Hydrogen
CHANGE IN TISSUE VASCULARITY
(Angiogenesis & Angiogenic Factors)
Metabolic Verses Myogenic Mechanism
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VASOMOTION
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VASOMOTION
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HUMORAL REGULATION
VASOCONSTRICTOR AGENTS
VASODILATOR AGENTS
• Nor Epinephrine• Epinephrine• Angiotensin• Vasopressin• Endothelin
• Bradykinin• Histamine• Prostaglandins
• Increase Ca++
IncreaseK+. Mg++. Na+. Osmolality
H+. CO2
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Four Primary Hydrostatic and Colloid Osmotic Forces Determine Fluid Movement Through the
Capillary Membrane
1. The capillary pressure (Pc2. The interstitial fluid pressure (Pif3. The capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure (Pp)4. The interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (Pif),
NFP = Pc - Pif - Pp + Pif
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Analysis of the Forces Causing Filtration at the Arterial End of the Capillary
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Analysis of Reabsorption at the Venous End of the capillary
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Starling Equilibrium forCapillary Exchange
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Hydrostatic and Colloid Osmotic Forces at the Capillary Membrane
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Lymphatic System
2 to 3 liters each day
•Carry protein and large particulate matter can flow from the interstitialspaces into the blood•Absorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinaltract, especially for absorption of virtually all fats infood
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Special structure of the lymphatic capillaries
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EdemaEdema refers to the presence of excess fluid
in the body tissues• Intracellular Edema:
• Extracellular Edema: Extracellular fluid edema occurs when there is excess fluid accumulation in the extracellular spaces
• Abnormal leakage of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial spaces across the capillaries– Increased capillary filtration coefficient.
– Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
– Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
• Lymphatic Blockage Causes Edemafilaria nematodes
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Causes ofExtracellular
Edema
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Causes ofExtracellular Edema
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THANKSTHANKS