cardiovascular diseases

Lesson Lesson 11Cardiovascular Diseases

Why should you establish and maintain healthful habits to care for your heart?

Lesson Lesson 11In this lesson, you will learn to:

Lesson Objectives

• Describe the types of cardiovascular diseases

• Discuss the importance of early detection

• Identify risk behaviors and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases

• Develop strategies related to the prevention of noncommunicable diseases

Lesson Lesson 11

• A century ago, communicable diseases were a leading cause of death in the United States.

• Today, however, major causes of death, such as heart disease and cancer, come from noncommunicable diseases.

Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases

Lesson Lesson 11

• Your cardiovascular system transports blood to all parts of your body.

• Without oxygen and other materials that blood carries, your cells would die. Sometimes diseases interfere with the pumping action of the heart or the movement of blood through blood vessels.

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for more than 40 percent of all deaths in the United States, killing almost a million Americans each year.

What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?


Lesson Lesson 11Ways to Avoid Risk of CVD

Avoid tobacco.

Get plenty of physical activity.

Maintain a healthful weight.

Follow an eating plan that is low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium.


Lesson Lesson 11Diseases of the Heart, Blood, and Blood Vessels

Types of Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertension

Atherosclerosis

Angina Pectoris

Arrhythmias

Heart Attack

Congestive Heart Failure

Stroke

Lesson Lesson 11Hypertension

• Hypertension is a major risk factor for other types of CVDs.

• Hypertension can occur at any age, but it is more common among people over the age of 35.

• High blood pressure can be lowered with strategies such as medication, weight management, adequate physical activity, and proper nutrition.


Lesson Lesson 11Atherosclerosis

• At birth, the lining of blood vessels is smooth and elastic. Over time, factors such as tobacco smoke, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels can damage the inner lining of the arteries.

• Atherosclerosis causes the arteries to thicken and lose their elasticity.

• It is caused mainly due to food choices—specifically, a high intake of saturated fats and cholesterol.


Lesson Lesson 11Diseases of the Heart

• Your heart pumps about 100,000 times a day every day to move blood to all parts of your body.

• Just like every other organ, your heart needs the oxygen from blood to function.

• When the blood supply to the heart is insufficient to provide enough oxygen, the result can be pain, damage to the heart muscle, or even sudden death.


Lesson Lesson 11Diagnostic Tools


Lesson Lesson 11Treatment Options


Lesson Lesson 11Angina Pectoris

• Angina pectoris, which usually lasts from a few seconds to minutes, is a warning sign that the heart is temporarily not getting enough blood.

• The most common cause of angina is atherosclerosis.

• Angina seldom causes permanent heart damage and sometimes can be treated with medication.


Lesson Lesson 11Arrhythmias

• Arrhythmias occur in millions of people who do not have underlying heart disease, and they usually don’t cause problems.

• In one type of arrhythmia, called ventricular fibrillation, the electrical impulses regulating heart rhythm become rapid or irregular.

• This is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest, in which the heart stops beating without warning. Without immediate emergency help, death follows within minutes.


Lesson Lesson 11Heart Attack

• A heart attack is damage to the heart muscle caused by a reduced or blocked blood supply.

• Many heart attacks are sudden and cause intense chest pain, but one in four produces no symptoms and is detected only when routine tests are done later.


Lesson Lesson 11Congestive Heart Failure

• A heart attack is an immediate response to stress on the heart. Sometimes, however, the heart gradually weakens to the point that it cannot maintain its regular pumping rate and force. The result is a condition called congestive heart failure.

• Strategies for managing congestive heart failure include medication and the establishment of healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as a good nutrition and adequate physical activity.


Lesson Lesson 11Stroke

• When arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain, a stroke may occur.

• Stroke can affect different parts of the body, depending on the part of the brain that is deprived of oxygen.

• It can also occur as a result of a cerebral hemorrhage, a condition in which a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing blood to spread into surrounding brain tissue.


Lesson Lesson 11Why Teens Are at Risk

• The behaviors established during your teen years and early adult life determine, in large part, your risk of developing CVD.

• Autopsy results of adolescents who died from causes other than CVD have revealed that one in six already had evidence of CVD.

• Those who had a history of known risk factors, such as smoking or diabetes, were more likely to have blood-vessel damage.


Lesson Lesson 11Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

Factors That You Can Control Factors That You Cannot Control

Heredity

Gender

Age

Tobacco use

High blood pressure

High cholesterol

Physical inactivity

Excess weight

Stress

Drug and alcohol use


Lesson Lesson 11

Choose the appropriate option.

Q. Chest pain that results when

the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen is called _______.

1. arrhythmia

2. atherosclerosis

3. hypertension

4. angina pectoris

Quick Review

Lesson Lesson 11

Click Next to attempt another question.

A. 4. angina pectoris

Chest pain that results when the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen is called angina pectoris.

Quick Review - Answer

Lesson Lesson 11Quick Review

True

False


Q. Atherosclerosis is the process

in which plaques accumulate on artery walls. The clots that form in the plaques can block the arteries leading to the heart, causing a heart attack.

Lesson Lesson 11

A. True. Atherosclerosis is the process in which plaques

accumulate on artery walls. The clots that form in the plaques can block the arteries leading to the heart, causing a heart attack.




True

False


Q. A cardiovascular disease affects

the heart or blood vessels. Regular physical activity does not affect the heart, nor does it help maintain a healthy weight.

Lesson Lesson 11


A. False. A cardiovascular disease affects the heart or

blood vessels. Regular physical activity does affect the heart and help maintain a healthy weight.



True

False


Q. Practicing healthy lifestyle

behavior has very little effect on avoiding future cardiovascular disease.

Lesson Lesson 11


A. False. Practicing healthy lifestyle behavior decreases

the chance of cardiovascular disease in the future.


Lesson Lesson 11

End of Lesson 1

Click Home to view the Main menu.

Lesson Lesson 11

A. Correct! Chest pain that results when the heart doesn’t

get enough oxygen is called angina pectoris.



Lesson Lesson 11

You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.


Lesson Lesson 11

A. Correct! Atherosclerosis is the process in which plaques

accumulate on artery walls. The clots that form in the plaques can block the arteries leading to the heart, causing a heart attack.



Lesson Lesson 11



Lesson Lesson 11

A. Correct! A cardiovascular disease affects the heart or

blood vessels. Regular physical activity does affect the heart and help maintain a healthy weight.



Lesson Lesson 11



Lesson Lesson 11

A. Correct! Practicing healthy lifestyle behavior decreases

the chance of cardiovascular disease in the future.



Lesson Lesson 11



Lesson Lesson 11

• A century ago, communicable diseases were a leading cause of death in the United States.

• Today, however, major causes of death, such as heart disease and cancer, come from noncommunicable diseases.

Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases

A noncommunicable disease is a disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, nor the environment.

A noncommunicable disease is a disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, nor the environment.


Lesson Lesson 11

• Your cardiovascular system transports blood to all parts of your body.

• Without oxygen and other materials that blood carries, your cells would die. Sometimes diseases interfere with the pumping action of the heart or the movement of blood through blood vessels.

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for more than 40 percent of all deaths in the United States, killing almost a million Americans each year.

What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?

A cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels.

A cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels.


Lesson Lesson 11Hypertension

• Hypertension is a major risk factor for other types of CVDs.

• Hypertension can occur at any age, but it is more common among people over the age of 35.

• High blood pressure can be lowered with strategies such as medication, weight management, adequate physical activity, and proper nutrition.

Hypertension is high blood pressure.

Hypertension is high blood pressure.


Lesson Lesson 11Atherosclerosis

• At birth, the lining of blood vessels is smooth and elastic. Over time, factors such as tobacco smoke, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels can damage the inner lining of the arteries.

• Atherosclerosis causes the arteries to thicken and lose their elasticity.

• It is caused mainly due to food choices—specifically, a high intake of saturated fats and cholesterol.

Atherosclerosis

is the process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls.

Atherosclerosis

is the process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls.


Lesson Lesson 11Angina Pectoris

• Angina pectoris, which usually lasts from a few seconds to minutes, is a warning sign that the heart is temporarily not getting enough blood.

• The most common cause of angina is atherosclerosis.

• Angina seldom causes permanent heart damage and sometimes can be treated with medication.

Angina pectoris

is chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen.

Angina pectoris

is chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen.


Lesson Lesson 11Arrhythmias

• Arrhythmias occur in millions of people who do not have underlying heart disease, and they usually don’t cause problems.

• In one type of arrhythmia, called ventricular fibrillation, the electrical impulses regulating heart rhythm become rapid or irregular.

• This is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest, in which the heart stops beating without warning. Without immediate emergency help, death follows within minutes.

Arrhythmia is irregular heartbeats.

Arrhythmia is irregular heartbeats.


cardiovascular diseases

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