cardiorespiratory assessments health and fitness unit

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Cardiorespiratory Assessments Health and Fitness Unit

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Cardiorespiratory Assessments

Health and Fitness Unit

What is Cardiorespiratory Exercise?

Exercise that overloads the Oxygen-Transport System Increase in Cardiorespiratory endurance Increase in muscular strength Increase in muscular endurance in larger

muscle groups

Types of Cardiorespiratory Exercise

AerobicAny physical activity that last 3 minutes or

moreWith oxygen

AnaerobicShort Burst exercises < 3 minutesWithout Oxygen

VO2 Max

Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2 Max) Male VO2 Max >

Female VO2 Max

Male VO2 Max 3.5 – 6 l/min.

Female VO2 Max 2.5 – 4.5 l/min

Age Males Females

20-29 4.0 3.1

30-39 3.7 3.0

40-49 3.6 2.8

50-59 3.36 2.57

Over 60 3.0 2.29

VO2 Max

Highest VO2 Max are recorded in endurance sportsCyclingRunningSwimmingRowing – (6 to 8 Litres/min)X – Country skiing

Measuring VO2 Max

Employ at least 50% of the total muscle mass.

Activities include running, cycling, and rowing.

The most common laboratory method is the treadmill running test. A motorized treadmill with variable

speed and variable incline is employed.

6 – 12 Minutes in length

Women vs. Men

Why do women have lower VO2 Max?Stroke Volume: is the amount of blood pumped by the

right/left ventricle that you hear in one contraction. Smaller HeartMaximal heart rate is lower in women

regardless of ageCardiac Output or “Q”:

A lower number of beats per minute (bpm)Smaller amount of blood pumped by the heart w/

each beat

Cardiac Output or “Q”

The output of the heart per beat is about 140 ml (4 tbs)

@ HR of 72 bpm = 10 l/min In a trained athlete the total

cardiac output is about 20 l/min

Average “Q” of a 70 year old over a life time = 1 million liters or 250,000 gallons

Hemoglobin

Women vs. Men Cont.

Why do women have lower VO2 Max?Lower Hemoglobin levels in total blood

volumeHemoglobin concentration is also lower in

women. Smaller muscles = smaller capacity for

absorptionActual consumption of oxygen per unit of

muscle is equivalent b/w men and women

Human Heart

• One of Most important organ• Just a pump made of muscle that pumps

blood throughout the body• Delivers vital materials and removes waste

products• Failure of this pump will result in death• Examples:

• Brain requires oxygen and glucose \• Muscles: oxygen, glucose, and amino

acids as well as proper ratios of sodium, calcium, and potassium salts

• Glands: specific and sufficient supplies of raw materials

Heart Facts

• A little larger than the fist• It contracts and expands• "All -or-Nothing Law“• Cardiac Cycle:

• averages 72 bpm• Active .8 of a second• Rests .4 of a second

Heart

Blood Pathway 4 Chambers

Upper Chambers: Right and Left Atria

Lower Chambers: Right and Left Ventricles

Blood Pathway Superior and Inferior Vena

Cava Right Atrium

Larger & thin walls

Tricuspid Valve Allows for one way flow

Right Ventricle Pulmonary Valve Pulmonary Artery

Lungs Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium

Smaller & thick walls

Mitral Valve (bicuspid valve) Left Ventricle Aortic Valve Aorta Largest Artery Body

_____________

Aortic Valve

Cardiorespiratory Assessments

Run-Walk TestsCycling TestSwimming TestHarvard Step Test

Run-Walk Tests

1.5 mile Run1 mile RunWalkport 1 mile

Walk3 mile Walk9-Minute Run12-Minute Run

Cycling or Swimming Test

12 Minute swim test

12 Minute cycling test

Harvard Step Test

The Harvard Step Test is conducted as follows: Step up on to a standard gym bench once

every two seconds for five minutes (150 steps)

Have someone to help you keep to the required pace

One minute after finishing the test take your pulse rate (bpm)- Pulse 1

Two minutes after finishing the test take your pulse rate (bpm) - Pulse 2

Three minutes after finishing the test take your pulse rate (bpm) - Pulse 3

Result = 30000 ÷ (pulse1 + pulse2 + pulse3)