carbons. write condensed structural formulas for and name alkyl halides. describe some common...
TRANSCRIPT
Carbons
• Write condensed structural formulas for and name alkyl halides.
• Describe some common organic reactions.
Including: esterification, halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation
Additional KEY Terms
The functional group of halocarbons is the halo group
• general formula: R–XX – represents any halogen attached to a hydrocarbon
O xR
halo group
• usually man-made
Properties of Halocarbons:
• Polar covalent: < 5C (small) are soluble in water
• Can be alkyl halides OR aryl halides
• Strong IMF (d-d) gives higher bp/mp
aliphatic chain aromatic ring
I
CH2 - CH - CH - CH3
CH3-
-
F
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Cl
1- chloropropane
C
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
tetrachloromethane
Naming HaloCarbons • name the halogen as a branch• replace - ine ending with - o • multiple halogens are listed alphabetically.
All other rules the same (di, tri, lowest number…)
2-bromo-2-methylpropane
CH3 CH3
CH3
C
BrC C
Cl
H
H
H
chloroetheneI CH3
-iodomethane
1. bromobenzene2. 3-chloro-1-butene3. 1,2 - difluoropropane4. 1-bromo-3,5-diiodobenzene5. 1,2,3 - triiodocyclopentane
CH3
CH3 C H Cl
--l
l
lCH3
lBr
l CH3
I-CH2-C-CH2-CH2-CH3
Brl
Organic Reactions
+ = ?
Halogenation Reactions
1. Replace with a halogen group
R-H + X2 R-X + HX UV light
Alkane + Halogen Halocarbon Halogen halide+
2. Replace of a halogen group (dehalogenation reaction)
R-X + OH- R-OH + X- Alkyl
Halide+ Base Alcohol Halide ion+
HBr
alkyl halide
+
H
H H
HC C
H
H H
HC C
alkeneaddition reaction
elimination reaction
BrH
3. Break a multiple bond with a halogen group
alkyl dihalide
addition reaction
+
elimination reaction
H
H H
HC C
H
H H
HC C
alkene
Cl Cl
Cl Cl
Esterification reaction
desterification reaction
H
O
H
O-CC-C
O
+ester
alcohol
carboxyl acid
H
C-C
O
O H
O-C+
hydrogenation reaction
+
H
H H
H
H
C C
H
HH
dehydrogenation reaction
H
H H
HC C
alkene
alkane
(alkyne)
(alkene)
hydration reaction
+
HOH
dehydration reaction
alcohol
H
H H
HC C
H
H H
HC C H
O
H
alkene
CAN YOU / HAVE YOU?
• Write condensed structural formulas for and name alkyl halides.
• Describe some common organic reactions.
Including: esterification, halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation
Additional KEY Terms