carbon mitigation and soil dynamics...2019/12/01 · weathering bedrock weathering and soil...
TRANSCRIPT
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Carbon Mitigation and Soil Dynamics
Amilcare PorporatoPrinceton Environmental Institute & Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Soil Carbon
Soil respiration(CO2 and to a smallerextent CH4)
Other sources: (oceans,lakes, combustionof fossil fuels...)
Carbon fixation(photosynthesis)
Plant residues
Bicarbonates in drainage
SOIL
ATMOSPHERE
PLANTSPlant respiration(CO2)
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3
Duk
e Fo
rest
FAC
E si
te
CO2 Tsϑ
Pulsing C-N dynamics driven by hydro-climatic variability
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Impact of soil moisture on carbon and nitrogen dynamics
Manzoni, Schimel and Porporato, Ecology 2012.
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•NIT
•IMM-
•IMM+
MIN•
• UP-• UP+
LitterNl
HumusNh
BiomassNb
AmmoniumN+
NitrateN-
Leaching
• LE-
Nitrogen plant uptakePlant residues
• LE+
Leaching
add(C/N)ADD•
h
lh
(C/N)DECr •
•
h
h
l
l
h
lh
(C/N)DEC
(C/N)DEC
(C/N)(C/N)
r1
+
+
−
h
h
(C/N)DEC •
• b(C/N)BD
•l
l
(C/N)DEC
Manzoni and Porporato, SBB, 2007; 2009; Porporato et al. WRR 2015
−−=
−−=
+−=
−−=
−
LEUPMINdtdN
BDDECrdtdC
BDDECADDdtdC
sLsETtIdtdsnZ
lb
lll
r
...
...
)1(
)()()(
(Random) dynamical system for CN dynamics
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waves?
Patterns of fertility?
I) From plot (m) to watershed and regional scale (km)?
Root-soil moisture-nutrients interactions may result in “fertility islands” in drylands
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Microbes
Mineral
SOM
Decomposition and
microbial
growth
Adhesion
Adsorption and
desorption
Soil aggregate10-1000 um
Diffusion;microbial motility
Diffusion
Soil moisture
Water retention curvesand hydraulic conductivity
CO2
Nutrientavailability
II) Micro-scale: aggregate-scale dynamics(μm-mm)
soil micro-bio fluidics
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III) Humid systems and wetlands
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Ecohydrological controls on C and Fe cycles
R and CO2
Fe3+
Fe2+Oxi
datio
nFe reduction
C oxidation (decomposition)CO2 and HCO3 (streams)
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Biology and Chemistry
Hydrology
ETRQ
Lporosity
Zr
Root-zone model
Calabrese and Porporato, Soil Biology and Biogeochem. (2019).
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From clay transport to Fe redox cycle
>50% C decomposedCalabrese and Porporato, Soil Biology and Biogeochem. (2019).
Drying
Wetting
Red.Oxid.
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Temperature and moisture gradient
LUQ
CAL
BAR
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Other topics
1. Methane (in collaboration with X. Zhang)
2. Carbon sequestration and dissolution of parent material (granite; basalt -- with M Celia & Tom Postma).
3. Consistent formulation of all photosynthetic pathways (C3, C4, and CAM) – with Samantha Hartzell & Mark Bartlett.
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Weathering
Bedrock weathering and soil formation
Baseflow, Q(h)
Leakage, L(t)
Weathering zoneh(t)
leaching frequency: p(sfc)ρ(sfc)
Calabrese et al. JGR 2017
Climate Soil
Vegetation
D. Richter, A. Bacon (pers. comm.)
Chemical depletion fraction
Calhoun, SC
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White and Blum, 1995
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Sugarcane
Largescale land-atmosphere feedback?
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CAM Plants
Ac(ci,Tl,φ)
classic Farquhar et al. (1981) model
Circadian rhythm
z
Plant capacitance
Demand-driven stomatal conductance
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Importance of epiphytes
Up to 30% of tropical forests (e.g., Nadkarni 1984; Luttge 2004; Zotz 2016)
→ Princeton GFDL climate model
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Questions?
Opunthia ficus indicagrowing on an obelisk, Ethiopia
Photo: courtesy of P. Inglese, Univ. of Palermo, Italy