carbon management and rural livelihoods | elaine muir
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Plan Vivo Foundationwww.planvivo.orgTRANSCRIPT
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Plan Vivo – Carbon management and rural livelihoods
• The Voluntary Forest Carbon market
• Voluntary Carbon Standards
• The Plan Vivo Standard
• Applicability of The Plan Vivo Standard to forestry in Scotland
Contact Elaine Muir
email: [email protected] Tel: 0131 672 3782 | Fax: 0131 672 9299
Tower Mains Studios 18b Liberton Brae Edinburgh EH16 6AE
www.planvivo.org
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The Voluntary Carbon market
• Not required by the law, not regulated by overarching authority
• Credits known as VERs
• Companies and individuals offset their emissions on a voluntary basis to claim climate or carbon neutrality
• Standards have been developed to provide transparency and quality assurance
• Voluntary carbon market transacted about 131 million tCO₂ in 2010
• Largest share of sales = REDD (29%), A/R (around 8%)
• Innovation and experimentation for future compliance schemes
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http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/MapApp/index.html
Why voluntary markets for forest carbon?
• Compliance markets NOT working for land-use
• Costly, complex and bureaucratic
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ISO 14064 37%
VCS + ACR 35%
Plan Vivo 10%
SGS 4%
CCB 3%
CAR 2% CCB + VCS
2% Other
6%
Voluntary forest carbon standards
• Increase transparency
• Provide quality assurance
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The Plan Vivo System and Standards
• Tailored for projects working with rural communities to conserve and restore ecosystems and build sustainable livelihoods
Plan Vivo: a standard and system
History of Plan Vivo
Stems from a 1994 DFID funded research project in Mexico
Objective: to assess whether rural communities can access carbon finance
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How does it work? What is a plan vivo?
• Range of activities: Afforestation/reforestation, agroforestry, forest conservation and restoration
• Participatory planning: Participants draw up plan vivos (management plans)
• Individual (smallholder) or group (e.g. community forest)
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How are carbon services quantified?
The project generates technical specifications for each land-use.
• Additionality
• Baseline (absence of project)
• Project scenario
• Leakage
• Risks to sustainability e.g. fire
(determine risk buffer level 10-30%)
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Carbon benefits of different land-use activities over time
Avoided deforestation Afforestation / agroforestry
Baseline
Project
Project
Baseline
Approximate carbon benefits
• 40 tC/ha miombo woodland
• 120 tC/ha secondary tropical forest
• 200 tC/ha primary tropical forest
Approximate carbon benefits
• 15 tC/ha agroforestry systems
• 60 tC/ha mixed use plantations
• 100 tC/ha tropical hardwoods
Multiply by 3.67 for
CO2e
Ca
rbo
n s
toc
k
20-40 years
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Transacting carbon services (PES agreements)
• Project enters into agreements with individual producers or community groups for their carbon services
• E.g. farmer, 1ha afforestation, agrees to sell 300 tCO₂ at $3.60/ tonne
Community banker in Kiyanga
issuing a PES payment to a
producer, TFGB project
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How are results monitored?
Monitoring and further extension support provided by local staff, with assistance and oversight
(emphasis on transfer of technical capacity, gradual decentralisation of roles)
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Conditional payments for ecosystem services
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Year Target/milestone Payment
1 33% plot established $/ local currency
2 66% plot established
3 100% established
5 85% survival + average dbh
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10…
15…
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Achievements so far
• Projects under development or operational in 14 countries
• >4500 participants with plan vivos
• >20,000 hectares under management
• ~$6 million channelled to developing countries
• 1,000,000 tCO2 certified to date
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The Markit Environmental Registry
• Ensuring transparency and traceability
• Example serial number
PV-PVC-UG-100000000000171-01012010-31122010-1539717-1569716-MER-0-A
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How is PES financed?
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Certificate Issuance history
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How is finance shared?
Staged
payment to
communities/
producers
$3.60
Admin’
monitoring, etc
$1.40
Verification,
marketing?
$0.65
Certification $0.35
Example
price:
$6 / tCO2
• Producers must receive an equitable share
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Project example: Trees for Global Benefits
• Set up in 2003
• Coordinated by Ecotrust
• Scaling-up from 30 to 700 over 7 years
• Expansion to new activities
• Further expansion to REDD+
• Socio-economic impact study showing poverty reduction
• Links to microfinance
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The Plan Vivo Standard: applicability to the Woodland Carbon Code
Similarities
• Both set out robust requirements for voluntary carbon projects, enabling consistent measurement of carbon uptake
• Both have a system of independent quality assurance
Differences
• Focus on developing countries
• Focus on communities and benefit sharing, to break cycle of poverty and environmental degradation.
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Contact
Elaine Muir
[email protected] Tel: 0131 672 3782 | Fax: 0131 672 9299
Tower Mains Studios 18b Liberton Brae Edinburgh EH16 6AE
www.planvivo.org