carbohydrates
DESCRIPTION
CARBOHYDRATES. Give energy Polymers end in –OSE (polymers of sugars or saccharide) Plants store: STARCH Animals store: GLYCOGEN Structure material for plants CELLULOSE and CITIN Polar: dissolve in water. Carbohydrates gives energy and energy storage. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CARBOHYDRATES
• Give energy• Polymers end in –OSE (polymers of sugars or
saccharide)• Plants store: STARCH• Animals store: GLYCOGEN• Structure material for plants CELLULOSE and
CITIN• Polar: dissolve in water
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Carbohydrates gives energy and energy storage
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Monomers of carbohydrates is monosaccharide
• Simplest form of a sugar (can not be broken down)• Most common is GLUCOSE which
is the reactant of aerobic respiration product of photosynthesis
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Carbohydrates are polymers are disaccharides and poly saccharide
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Example of disaccharides
• Sucrose-table sugar• Maltose-sugar in “malt” liquor or beer• Lactose-sugar in milk
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Polysaccharides: long polymers of sugar bonded together (requires more energy to break the bonds
• Starch: sugar in potatoes• Cellulose: sugar in plants(store energy)• Glycogen: stored sugar in animals
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Glycogen in animal; Cellulose in plants
Cellulose provides short term energy in
plants
Glycogen: stored sugar for energy in the liver, muscles
and brain
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Lipids: provides long term energy storage CHO
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Monomers of lipids: Fatty acids or glycerol –no polymers of lipids
• Glycerol is the fat in soap (Glycerin) Can be vegetable glycerin or animal glycerin
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Examples of Lipids: Steroids
• STEROIDS not ANABOLIC steroids• SEX hormones as a metabolic lipid
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Examples of LIPIDS:Cholestrol
• Cholesterol is waxy substance in the cells of food. TOO MUCH CAUSES heart disease
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Examples of LIPIDS: Cell Membrane
– Phospholipids: the outer covering of a animal cell
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Nucleic Acids are RNA and DNA; where genetic information is stored and carried
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Monomers of DNA is nucleotide• DNA and RNA are made of repeating nucleotides• Nucleotide: sugar, phosphate, and base
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Polymer of Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
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Examples of DNA in prokaryotic (bacteria) and Eukaryotic (animal)
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DNA has four bases Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine (uracil in RNA)
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DNA aids in the synthesis of proteins
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Proteins: provide structural support for animals and plants (CHONS)
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Monomers of proteins: AMINO ACIDS
• Provide excellent “food” for the brain; • 20 different biological amino acids (after
translation inProtein synthesis)
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Polymers of proteins are POLYOPEPTIDE BONDS
• Many protein bonds together
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STRUCTURAL protein: collagen, muscles,
hair and tissue
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Protein Transports: Hemoglobin to membrane channels
(people with Sickle Cell have a hemoglobin mutation)
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Human Body and mainly made up PROTEINS
Example Antibodies: proteins produced in the body used to fight against diseases
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Example of Proteins: Enzymes
• Catalyst for a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
• SPEEDS UP REACTIONS IN PROTEINS
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Enzyme lock and key MODEL
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