car: cornered in the centre - aid and development in a rough neighbourhood
DESCRIPTION
The challenges of kick-starting and managing a humanitarian and development campaign for the Central African Republic, one of the world's forgotten crises. (Toby Lanzer, UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator, London School of Economics, October 2007)TRANSCRIPT
Slide 1United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Cornered in the Centre: aid and development in a rough neighbourhood
Toby LanzerUnited Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
Central African Republic (CAR)
Slide 2United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Aid and development in a rough neighbourhood
Slide 3United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
4.2 million people landlocked in the fragile centre of Africa
ChadSudan
Cameroon
DRCCongo
Darfur
CAR
GabonRebellion or internal conflictSource: Hamburg University
Uganda
Nigeria
Slide 4United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
The least known of the least developed countries
Google search results for bottom 10 countries on the Human Development Index (million)
Mozambique
Burundi
Sierra Leone
Ethiopia
Mali
Chad
Niger
Burkina Faso
Central African Republic
30.6
28.9
28.6
26.9
44.1 mn
31.6
30.8
26.8
25.5
16.7
Source: Google search results (15 Oct 2007) for the 10 countries with lowest Human Development Index
Guinea Bissau
Slide 5United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Emperor Bokassa
Jean-Bédel BokassaHead of state 1966-1979
Crowned emperor in 1977
Slide 6United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Jean-Bertrand Aristide
Jean-Bertrand AristideLanded in Bangui after leaving Haiti in 2004
Slide 7United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
The third poorest people on earth
Mali GambiaNigeria CAR Niger Burkina Faso
73 7067
64 61 61 59
ZambiaSource: World Bank (2002)
Share of population living on less than 1 dollar a day (bottom 7 seven countries)
Slide 8United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Source: IMF (2007), Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) per capita GDP
1985 1990 2000 20051995
100
+20%
GDP (PPP) Growth, Base = 100 (1985)
+40%
+60%
+80%
-20%
GDP per head in Sub-Saharan Africa rose by 78% since 1985, but not even by 10% in CAR
Sub-Saharan Africa
CAR
Gap widening
Slide 9United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
19901985 1995 2000 2004
.35
.30
.25
Source: HDR (2006)
Human Development indices for bottom 5 rose since 1985, while CAR’s fell by 8.8%
.40
Niger
Mali
Burkina FasoGuinea Bissau
CAR
Falling behind
Slide 10United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
The world’s worst pupil / teacher ratio in primary education
Source: RESEN (2007) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Slide 11United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Alarming chronic malnutrition rates for children under 5 years
Source: MICS III (2006) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Slide 12United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
One of the world’s highest child mortality rates
Source: MICS III (2006)
/ 1,000Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Slide 13United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Only 1 in 4 people can get safe drinking water
Source: MICS III (2006) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Slide 14United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
More mothers die while giving birth than almost anywhere
/ 100,000Source: General Census (2003) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Slide 15United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Malaria is the number one cause of death
Source: MSF Holland (2007) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Slide 16United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
One of the lowest life expectancies in the world
Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
years
Source: General Census (2003)
Slide 17United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Landlocked and no paved road out
km to the nearest portPhoto: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Slide 18United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Development assistance: where are we and why?
Source: OECD (2007), Development Assistance Disbursements, All donors
1985 1990 2000 20051995
100
-20%
+40%
+60%
-80%
ODA Growth, Base = 100 (1985)
-60%
-40%
+20%
Aid to Sub-Saharan Africa rose by 54% since 1985, but fell by 60% for CAR
Sub-Saharan Africa
CAR
Slide 19United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Aid per head is the lowest in the region ($)
Equat. Guinea
Sudan
Chad
Gabon
Congo
Congo, Dem. Republic of
Cameroon
Central African Republic
39.6
36.7
29.1
24.1
160
70.7
44.7
23.5
Source: OECD (2007), Development Assistance Disbursements, All donors
Development assistance: where are we and why?
Slide 20United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Because of political instability?
CAR scores -1.69 on the World Bank’s political instability index
Rwanda
Angola
Central African Republic
Chad
South Africa
Nigeria
Sudan
-2.5
Congo, Dem. Republic of
Somalia
0-1.0 1.0 2.5
Uganda
Cote d’Ivoire
Source: World Bank (2007), Worldwide Governance Indicators, Selection
Slide 21United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Bangui
ChadSudan
Darfur
DRCCongo
Cameroon
Timber
Diamonds
Uranium
Gold
Is it because of a lack of strategic natural resources?
Slide 22United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Because of corruption?
CAR scores -1.06 on the World Bank’s corruption control index
Rwanda
Ethiopia
Central African Republic
Sudan
South Africa
Angola
Nigeria
-2.5
Source: World Bank (2007), Worldwide Governance Indicators, Selection
Congo, Dem. Republic of
Somalia
0-1.0 1.0 2.5
Uganda
Chad
Slide 23United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Because of an overly repressive regime?
CAR scores -1.06 on the World Bank’s voice and accountability index
Uganda
Central African Republic
Rwanda
Nigeria
South Africa
Chad
Congo, Dem. Republic of
-2.5
Sudan
Somalia
0-1.0 1.0 2.5
Ethiopia
Zimbabwe
Source: World Bank (2007), Worldwide Governance Indicators, Selection
Slide 24United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Rebellion grips the north
km to the seaPhoto: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Slide 25United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Rebellion grips the north
Slide 26United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Almost 300,000 people forced to flee their homes since 2006
Bangui
ChadSudan
Darfur
DRCCongo
Cameroon
Displacement
Source: UN OCHA
Slide 27United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Who is involved in violence?
UFDRUnion des Forces Démocratiques pour le Rassemblement in the north-east
APRD Armée Populaire pour la Restauration de la République et la Démocratie in the north-west
FACAForces Armées Centrafricaines
GPGarde Présidentielle
ZaraguinasIn the north-west
PoachersIn the north-east
Coupeurs de routeThroughout the country
PoachersIn the south-west
FDPCFront démocratique pour le peuple centrafricain in the north-west
Slide 28United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Northwest: condition along Chadian border deteriorating
Ndim
Bocaranga
Bozoum
Bossangoa
Nana Bakassa
Markounda
PaouaBoguila
Bemal
Batangafo
Bouca
Gore
Region ravaged by APRD rebels, government troops and road bandits
OUHAM
OUHAM-PENDE
UN
UN
Ngaoundaye
Area shown: 51,000 sq km (Denmark = 43,000 sq km). Ngaoundaye, Bocaranga, Paoua ▲ : 6,200 sq km (West Bank = 5,800 sq km)
Border
Prefecture
City / large settlement
Road
Burnt settlement
APRD / Zaraguinas /
power vacuum
Population movement
Armed groups
CAMEROON
CHAD
0 50 100 km
Slide 29United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Northeast: CAR, Chad, Darfur
Fragile accord with rebels; new inflow of refugees possible; armed groups from Darfur
Am-DafockBirao
Gordil
Ndélé
Kaga-Bandoro
Bria
Bambari
Sibut
Sam Ouandja
Ouadda
Obo
Ouanda-Djallé
Daffaq
Rumbek
Chad
Darfur
HAUTE-KOTTO
B.-BANGORAN
VAKAGA
HAUT-MBOMOU
UNUN
UN
Original population: 12,000Refugees in CAR: 3,000IDPs in Darfur: 9,000
Border
Prefecture
City / large settlement
Road
UFDR / power vacuum
Refugees
Armed groups (Tora-Bora)0 150 300 km Area shown: 380,000 sq km (Zimbabwe = 390,000 sq km).
Slide 30United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Rule of law and human rights
Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEFPhoto: Human Rights WatchPhoto: OCHA
Slide 31United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Civilians caught in the cross-fire and escape to the bush
Photo: UN OCHA
Slide 32United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Mobilising the United Nations
Slide 33United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Work with the new president
Jean-François BozizéCoup d’etat in 2003
Won free and fair elections in 2005
Government supported by returning technocrats
Slide 34United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Accelerate decisions by managing aid locally
Slide 35United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Go where help is needed most: ensure security of personnel
km to the seaPhoto: Pierre Holtz | UNICEFPhoto: UN OCHA
Slide 36United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Overcome logistics challenges
Slide 37United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Bangui
ChadSudan
Darfur
DRCCongo
Cameroon
Source: UN OCHA
Create a local presence: progress but a long way to go
UN office opened or reinforced in last 12 months
Slide 38United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Call on NGOs to engage: progress but a long way to go
IPHD
IPHD
** Presence of international aid agencies as of August 2007** MSF also has a presence in nearby Markounda and Boguila Kota*** COOPI also has a presence in Bouca, 100 km east of Bossangoa
Bozoum
Paoua**
Bangui
Bossangoa***
Kaga-Bandoro
Bambari
Bangassou
Birao
Ndélé
SibutBouar
Sam Ouandja
Slide 39United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Mobilise donors: progress but a long way to go
Donors contributing $ 500,000 or more 19 humanitarian donors so far in 2007
3
9
13Canada Cuba Denmark European
Commission
Finland France
Italy
Germany
Japan
Ireland
Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Spain Sweden Switzerland
Turkey United StatesUnited Kingdom2005 2006 2007
Slide 40United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Catalyse donors for development assistance
km to the seaPhoto: Pierre Holtz | UNICEFwww.car-round-table.net
Slide 41United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
1985 20001990 1995 2005 2010 2015
50
25
Source: Human Development Report (2006)
75MDG
Current trend
31
62
67
Unlikely to halve the share of people living on less than 1 dollar a day
Focus on attaining the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs)
Slide 42United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
1985 20001990 1995 2005 2010 2015
75
Source: Human Development Report (2006)
50
25
MDG
Current trend100
58
60
4955
Enormous challenge of ensuring primary education for all children
Focus on the MDGs
Slide 43United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
Focus on the MDGs
1985 20001990 1995 2005 2010 2015
1,200
800
400
Source: Human Development Report (2006)
Huge challenge of reducing maternal mortality rate by three quarters
1,600MDG
Current trend
683
949
1,355
171
Slide 44United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
CAR: Today and tomorrow
Desperate poverty
All trends in the wrong direction
Stopping the slide now
Moving forward
Slide 45United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07
www.hdptcar.net
Slide 46United Nations CAR
United NationsCentral African Republic
Oct-07