capitulo uno tesis

8/20/2019 Capitulo Uno Tesis

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INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR

“LOS ANDES”

CARRERA TECNÓLOGO EN ANÁLISIS DE SISTEMAS

TEMA

MONTAJE E INSTALACIÓN DE PERIFÉRICOS PORTÁTILES PARA OPTIMIZAR

EL RENDIMIENTO DEL LABORATORIO NÚMERO 1 DEL INSTITUTO

TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR “LOS ANDES”

INFORME PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TITULO DE TECNÓLOGO EN

ANÁLISIS DE SISTEMAS.

AUTORA: Man!an"a #$%n&a Ma'%an()a S)("a"

TUTOR: In&. V('*n%+a A%,a'a

PILLARO – ECUADOR

-1/0-1


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CAPÍTULO I

1 EL PROBLEMA

1.1 Plantea!ent" #el $%"&lea

1.1.1 C"nte't(al!)a*!+n

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INE4ISTENCIA DE E5UIPOSPORTÁTILES PARA MONTA6E EINSTALACIÓN DE PERI78RICOS.

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In>'a(24'$+4$'a%na"(+$a"a


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E4ISTENCIA DE E5UIPOSPORTÁTILES PARA EL MONTA6E E

INSTALACIÓN


8/59

G%-0!*" N 1 Á'!) "() 3'!)(,a

Ela&"%a#" $"%: Man!an"a #$%n&a Ma'%an()a S)("a"

MATRI> DE ANÁLISIS DE ALTERNATI?AS

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In>'a(24'$+4$'aa"(+$a"a


9/59

Pa'a 8$( (n () In24%4$4 S$3('%' 4(+n)*&%+ “L2 An"(2” (%24a $n )a!'a4'% +n

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1.@ e%%a!enta

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an4('%'(2 "(4(',%na"a 3' 4'2 a$4'(2.

TEMA: ”ENSAMBLAJE DE COMPUTADORAS DEL LABORATORIO

DE PRACTICAS DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS INFORMATICAS DE LA

UNVERSIDAD DE MANABI”.


10/59

AUTOR: J2( a;%(' Za,!'an

AO: -K

“El laboratorio de ensamblaje de computadoras debera cumplir con las debidas

caracteristicas en cuanto a su espacio fisico normas de seguridad; normas de

funcionamiento y el quipamiento nimimo que debe tener.

Los mayores veneficiarios de este proyecto seran los estudiantes de FACCIC al

poder acer practicas necesarias para el ensamblajey desmontaje de las partes de

una computadora .!

Pa'a )a %,3)(,(n4a+%n "( $n )a !'a4'% "( (n2a,!)a=( (2 n(+(2a'% 8$(

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3'a+4%+a2 3(',%4%(n")(2 () '(+n+%(n" "( +a"a $n "( )2 +,3n(n4(2 "( $n

+,3$4a".

TEMA: “MONTAJE APLICACIÓN DE PERIFÉRICOS PORTÁTILES

PARA LA SIMULACIÓN DE PROCESOS INDUSTRIALES”

AUTORES:

FAUSTO ULPIANO CAICEDO BENAVIDES

PAÚL AGUSTN NÚEZ VELASTEGU

AO: -11

“"e ejecut# de forma satisfactoria un sistema de simulaci#n de un proceso

industrial$ utili%ando el aut#mata para el control y el panel operador para la

visuali%aci#n del proceso. "e desarroll# una gu&a de pr'cticas de laboratorio


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aplicando la pantalla t'ctil con su soft(are de programaci#n$ el cual nos permite la

administraci#n de registros en recetas$ el arcivo de valores de procesos y avisos.

"e reali%# un manual de tareas de mantenimiento preventivo para el m#dulo de

automati%aci#n industrial$ considerando como equipos importantes al aut#mata y

al panel operador.!

E2 %,3'4an4( () "(2a''))a' $na &$5a "( 3':+4%+a2 7a 8$( 2(';%': +, a37

3a'a )2 $2$a'%2 )2 +$a)(2 3"':n ))(;a' a+a! 2$2 4a'(a2 2%n n%n&?n 4%3 "(

+,3)%+a+%n(26 4a,!%


12/59

INFORMÁTICAARDARE

COMPONENTES

BÁSICOS

ARDAREMONTA6E E

INSTALACIÓN DEPERI7ERICOSPORTÁTILES

TICS

RECURSOS INFORMÁTICOS

APLICACIONES

RENDIMIENTO

TECNOLÓGICO

,., MARCO TEORICO

CATEGORÍAS 7UNDAMENTALESSUPERORDINACIÓN SUBORDINACIÓN

OPTIMIZAR

VARIABLE INDEPENDIENTE VARIABLE DEPENDIENTE

G%-0!*" N, R(" "( In+)$2%*n

Ela&"%a#" $"%: Man!an"a #$%n&a Ma'%an()a S)("a".


13/59

-.-.1 ?ARIABLE DEPENDIENTE

,.,.1.1 MONTA6E E INSTALACIÓN DE PERI78RICOS PORTÁTILES

“La misi#n fundamental de los dispositivos perif)ricos es establecer

comunicaci#n con el mundo e*terior y el ordenador. El ordenador procesa

datos que ay que introducirles en su memoria de alguna forma y genera

resultados que debe comunicarnos a trav)s de alg+n medio. ,odo ello tiene

lugar mediante dispositivos perif)ricos.” RICARDO6 -/

L2 "%232%4%;2 3('%>',a+%*n6 2%';%(n" "( ,(,'%a a$%)%a' "( )a ,(,'%a 3'%n+%3a).

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3'+(2a,%(n4 CPU 7 )a ,(,'%a +(n4'a)6 3(',%4an '(a)%9a' 3('a+%n(2 "(

(n4'a"a2a)%"a ES +,3)(,(n4a'%a2 a) 3'+(2 "( "a42 8$( '(a)%9a )a CPU. E24a2

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Dat": 3' "n"( +%'+$)an )2 "a42.

CLASI7ICACIÓN DE PERI78RICOS

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(n+a'&an "( +n;('4%' )2 %,3$)22 ()


15/59

MONTA6E E INSTALACIÓN DE DISPOSITI?OS PORTÁTILES

“En el montaje y desmontaje de los equipos inform'ticos se trabaja con

componentes sometidos a tensi#n el)ctrica$ se manejan superficies cortantes$

erramientas puntiagudas$ etc.$ con lo que e*iste el riesgo de sufrir unaccidente. -or ello$ es fundamental cumplir las medidas establecidas en

materia de prevenci#n de riesgos laborales.! IILIBROS6 -1-

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MONTA6E DE LA PLACA BASE EN LA CA6A

An4(2 "( 3'+("(' a) ,n4a=(6 4,a'(,2 )a2 3'(+a$+%n(2 7 )a2 ,("%"a2 "(

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16/59

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N 48$(2 )a 3)a+a !a2( +n )2 "("26 2$=


17/59

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2$ 32%+%*n @'%9n4a).

MONTA6E DEL DISIPADOR DE CALOR

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() 4' 4%3.

INSTALACIÓN

DE LA MEMORIA RAM


18/59

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'(a)%9a' a=$24(2 "( +n>%&$'a+%*n (n )a BIOS 3a'a () 4a,a6 )a +an4%"a" 7 )a

;()+%"a".

,.,.1., COMPONENTES BÁSICOS ARDHARE


19/59

D(2"( () 4'a"%+%na) '"(na"' 3('2na) PC @a24a )2 4a!)(42 An"'%"(6

3a2an" 3' )2 Ma+%n42@ "( A33)( 7 )2 3'4:4%)(2 $)4'a)%&('26 (24( )%!' >'(+(

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%n"%23(n2a!)(2 n(+(2a'%2 3a'a 4'&a' )a >$n+%na)%"a" ,5n%,a a $na +,3$4a"'a.

En4'( (242 (n+n4'a,2

M!*%"$%"*ea#"% " CPU


20/59

E2 )a +,3n(n4( >$n"a,(n4a) "() +,3$4a"'6 (n+a'&a"a "( %n4('3'(4a' 7

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Ta%9eta Ma#%e

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+%'+$%42 "( +n4') 3a'a ;%"( 7 2n%"6 7 "%232%4%;2 3('%>


21/59

Ta%9eta #e !#e"

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La ta%9eta #e "n!#"

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$na 4


22/59

En a;(Ta!)( 2( $2an &'a!a+%n(2 "( %n24'$,(n42 '(a)(26 3'"$+%%+%a),(n4(

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23/59

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Te*la#"

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“El ard(are abarca todos los componentes materiales de la propia

computadora$ sean mec'nicos el)ctricos o electr#nicos; as& como las unidades


24/59

perif)ricas$ sean teclados$ impresoras$ monitores$ etc. A lo largo de la

evoluci#n de los sistemas de computaci#n$ an ido perdiendo peso espec&fico

dentro del campo del ard(are$ los elementos mec'nicos y el)ctricos y

ganando los elementos electr#nicos y las nuevas tecnolog&as. “ OCEANO

GRUPO EDITORIAL6 1KK

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CLASI7ICACIÓN DEL ARDHARE

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a%#a%e C"$leenta%!"


25/59

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,.,.1.2 IN7ORMÁTICA

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26/59

TUCER ALLEN6 1KK/6 (n4%(n"( 3' %n>',:4%+a “a )a +%(n+%a 8$( (24$"%a ()

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a )a $n%*n 2%n


27/59

S( "%+( 8$( () an4(+(2' "() +,3$4a"' >$( () :!a+6 "() +$a) 2( +'(( 8$(

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28/59

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4(+n)&5a (n 4" () ,$n".


29/59

EL COMPUTADOR

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ORGANI>ACIÓN 7ÍSICA DEL COMPUTADOR

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a"%+%na),(n4( ,(,'%a (4('na "%232%4%;2 "( a),a+(na,%(n4.


30/59

ORGANI>ACIÓN LÓGICA DEL COMPUTADOR

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SISTEMA OPERATI?O

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3'+(2a"'(2 "( 4(46 @=a ()(+4'*n%+a6 &'a>%+a"'(26 !a2(2 "( "a426 a&(n"a26


31/59

3'&'a,a2 "( +n4a!%)%"a"6 a3)%+a+%n(2 ,a4(,:4%+a26 (n4'( 4'26 a)&$n2 (=(,3)2

2n '"6 E+()6 A++(26 C'().D'aQ6 FP'6 T'%"(n46 (4+.

LENGUA6ES DE PROGRAMACIÓN

En 4%+an (n 4'(2 +a4(&'5a2 )(n&$a=( "(

,:8$%na6 )(n&$a=( "( !a= n%;() 7 )(n&$a=( "( a)4 n%;(). En )a a+4$a)%"a" 2( $4%)%9an

)2 ?)4%,26 +$7 ;+a!$)a'% (24: >',a" 3' 4',a+%*n 7 +ana)(2 "(

+,$n%+a+%*n '()a+%na"2 +n () a),a+(na,%(n46 3'+(2a,%(n4 7 4'an2,%2%*n

"%&%4a)%9a"2 "( )2 "a42. S(&?n Ca')2 T2+an6 1KYY6 (24a 34(n+%a)%"a"”

%n+)$7( 3'4$n%"a"(2 3a'a a++("(' a ,a4('%a)(2 "( a)4a +a)%"a" "(2"( 2%4%2 '(,42

a3'(n"(' %n"(3(n"%(n4(,(n4( "( )a )+a)%9a+%*n >52%+a "( )2 2$=(42 a++("(' a $n

a3'(n"%9a=( %n4('a+4%;6 3'3$(24a2 "( a3'(n"%9a=( >)(%!)( 7 $2a' )a2 TIC 3a'a

%n+'(,(n4a' )a (>%+%(n+%a6 () ,(='a,%(n4 "() 2(';%+% 7 )a '("$++%*n "( +242.”

C,3a'4 () +'%4('% "() a$4' 7a 8$( @7 (n "5a )a2 TICS 2n $2a"a2 (n

4"2 )2 :,!%42 +, (n )a ("$+a+%*n6 (n () a3'(n"%9a=(6 (n )2 n(&+%26 (4+. Pa'a

a3';(+@a' (24a @(''a,%(n4a "(!(,2 (,3)(a')a +''(+4a,(n4( 7a 8$( "( (24a


32/59

,an('a 3"'(,2 ,(='a' )a +a)%"a" "( n$(24'2 4'a!a=2 &'a+%a2 a 2$2 n$(;2

,a4('%a)(2 "( a)4a +a)%"a".

S( "(n,%nan T(+n)&5a2 "( )a In>',a+%*n 7 )a C,$n%+a+%*n TICS a)

+n=$n4 "( 4(+n)&5a2 8$( 3(',%4(n )a a"8$%2%+%*n6 3'"$++%*n6 a),a+(na,%(n46

4'a4a,%(n46 +,$n%+a+%*n6 '(&%24' 7 3'(2(n4a+%*n "( %n>',a+%n(26 (n >',a "(

;96 %,:&(n(2 7 "a42 +n4(n%"2 (n 2(a)(2 "( na4$'a)(9a a+?24%+a6 *34%+a

()(+4',a&n',:4%+a 7 () a$"%;%2$a).

CARACTERÍSTICAS

Inate%!al!#a# FP"!&!l!#a# #e #!3!tal!)a*!+n: La2 TICS +n;%('4(n )a

%n>',a+%*n6 4'a"%+%na),(n4( 2$=(4a a $n ,("% >52%+6 (n %n,a4('%a). M("%an4( )a

"%&%4a)%9a+%*n (2 32%!)( a),a+(na' &'an"(2 +an4%"a"(2 "( %n>',a+%*n6 (n

"%232%4%;2 >52%+2 "( 3(8$( 4a,a "%2+26 CD6 ,(,'%a2 USB6 (4+..

Intantane!#a#: S( 3$("( 4'an2,%4%' )a %n>',a+%*n %n24an4:n(a,(n4( a

)$&a'(2 ,$7 a)(=a"2 >52%+a,(n4(6 ,("%an4( )a2 "(n,%na"a2 Wa$43%24a2 "( )a

%n>',a+%*nW.

A$l!*a*!"ne M(lt!e#!a: La2 a3)%+a+%n(2 3'&'a,a2 ,$)4%,("%a @an

2%" "(2a''))a"2 +, $na %n4('>a9 a,%&a!)( 7 2(n+%))a "( +,$n%+a+%*n6 3a'a

>a+%)%4a' () a++(2 a )a2 TICS "( 4"2 )2 $2$a'%2. Una "( )a2 +a'a+4('524%+a2 ,:2

%,3'4an4(2 "( (242 (n4'n2 (2 WLa %n4('a+4%;%"a"W.


33/59

CLASI7ICACIÓN DE LAS TICS

Pa'a 3a$4a' )a +)a2%>%+a+%*n "( )a2 4(+n)&5a2 "( %n>',a+%*n 7

+,$n%+a+%*n "(!(,2 +n+(' 2$2 !a2(2 "( "(2a''))6 7a 8$( +, 4a) n (%24(

$na +)a2%>%+a+%*n (23(+5>%+a6 2%n $n "(2a'')) +'(+%(n4(6 3a'a (24 "(!(,2

(n4(n"(' )2 "2 3'%n+%3%2 !:2%+2 "( "(2a''))

In0"%-t!*a: La %n>',:4%+a (2 $na +%(n+%a "( %n>',a+%*n a$4,:4%+a6 4"

a8$()) '()a+%na" +n () 3'+(2a,%(n4 "( "a42 $4%)%9an" +, !a2(26 ,("%2

+n+(34$a)(2 "( @a'"Qa'(6 $n "( )2 (=(,3)2 ,:2 +,$n(2 2n Ba2(2 "( "a426

=a2 "( +:)+$)6 P'&'a,a2 "( 3'(2(n4a+%*n.

Tele-t!*a: E2 () +n=$n4 "( 2(';%+%2 "( '%&(n %n>',:4%+ 2$,%n%24'a"'

a 4'a;%n "( a2(&$'a' $na a3)%+a+%*n (>(+4%;a.

Planea*!+n: La2 TIC 3$("(n $2a'2( 2%,3)(,(n4( 3a'a a$4,a4%9a' 3'+(22

3'((%24(n4(26 3(' ) ,:2 3'!a!)( (2 8$( )a2 a+4%;%"a"(2 2(an 3' ) ,(n2

'a+%na)%9a"a26 3a'a a3';(+@a' )a2 ;(n4a=a2 "( )a n$(;a2 32%!%)%"a"(2 8$( )a

4(+n)&5a +'(a6 7 (n a)&$n2 +a22 )2 3'+(22 '(8$%('(n 2(' '("%2(a"2

2$24an+%a),(n4(.


34/59

E9e*(*!+n: En (24a (4a3a "( ))(;a':n a +a! )2 3'+(22 "( %,3)(,(n4a+%*n

>52%+a "( )a2 TICS (n )a '&an%9a+%*n6 4(n%(n" (n +$(n4a )a2 >(+@a26 3('2na)6

a+4%;%"a"(2 7 '(+$'22 a2%&na"2 a 4'a;'a(24'$+4$'a6 ,an4(n%(n" )2 (8$%326 a+'"( +n )2

'(8$('%,%(n42 "( )a (,3'(2a.

Me#!*!+n #e l" %e(lta#" "&ten!#": M$+@a2 ;(+(2 (2 "%>5+%) ,("%' )a

3'"$+4%;%"a" "( )a2 %n;('2%n(2 (n TIC6 "a" 8$( () ':3%" a;an+( "( (24( 4%3 "(

4(+n)&5a26 8$( a ,(n$" @a+( 8$( 2(a %,32%!)( 3a'a $na '&an%9a+%*n '(+$3('a'

+,3)(4a,(n4( )a %n;('2%*n (n n$(;a2 4(+n)&5a26 3a'a )a 34%,%9a+%*n "( 3'+(22

7 '(+$'226 +an4%"a"(2 3'"$+%"a26 n%;()(2 "( ;(n4a 7 2!'( 4"6 '(n4a!%)%"a".

Me9"%a!ent" *"nt!n(": Cn () >%n 8$( )a %,3)(,(n4a+%*n (24< 2%(,3'(

a=$24a"a a )a2 n(+(2%"a"(2 "( )a (,3'(2a6 (2 n(+(2a'% 8$( )a (,3'(2a +'(( $n

2%24(,a 8$( a2(&$'( )a2 +n"%+%n(2 8$( 3(',%4an a2(&$'a' () )&' "( )a2 ,(4a2

3'3$(24a26 ,("%an4( () >'4a)(+%,%(n4 "( )2 3'+(22 "( &(24%*n ( %,3)(,(n4a+%*n

"( )a2 TICS 8$( 2( 2(an 3'(+%2a2 3a'a 4(n(' ,(='(2 3'+(22 7 '(2$)4a"2 (n )a

(,3'(2a.

?ENTA6AS DE LAS TICS

D(2"( )a 3('23(+4%;a "() a3'(n"%9a=(6 )a2 TIC >a;'(+(n )a +n4%n$a a+4%;%"a"

%n4()(+4$a) 7 "(2a''))an )a +'(a4%;%"a" 7 () a3'(n"%9a=( +3('a4%;. A25 ,%2,6

,(='an )a2 +,3(4(n+%a2 "( (3'(2%*n 7 +'(a4%;%"a" 7 "(2a''))a @a!%)%"a"(2 "(

!?28$("a 7 2()(++%*n "( %n>',a+%*n. Ta,!%


35/59

Pa%a l" Et(#!ante

• A++(2 a ,?)4%3)(2 '(+$'22 ("$+a4%;2 7 (n4'n2 "( a3'(n"%9a=(.

• P('2na)%9a+%*n "( )2 3'+(22 "( (n2(an9a 7 a3'(n"%9a=(.

• F)(%!%)%"a" (n )2 (24$"%2.

• In24'$,(n42 3a'a () 3'+(2 "( )a %n>',a+%*n.

Pa%a l" P%"0e"%e

• Fa+%)%"a"(2 3a'a )a '(a)%9a+%*n "( a&'$3a,%(n42.

• Fa+%)%4an )a (;a)$a+%*n 7 +n4').

• A+4$a)%9a+%*n 3'>(2%na).

• Cn24%4$7(n $n !$(n ,("% "( %n;(24%&a+%*n "%":+4%+a (n () a$)a.

DES?ENTA6AS DE LAS TICS

D(2"( )a 3('23(+4%;a "() a3'(n"%9a=(6 )a2 TIC 3$("(n &(n('a' "%24'a++%n(26

"%23('2%*n6 3%a!)(6 a3'(n"%9a=( 2$3('>%+%a) 7

"(3(n"(n+%a "( )2 "(,:2.

Pa%a el et(#!ante

• A"%++%*n.• A%2)a,%(n4.• Can2an+% ;%2$a) 7 4'2 3'!)(,a2 >52%+2.


36/59

Pa%a l" $%"0e"%e

• E24'$('9.• D(2>a2(2 '(23(+4 a 4'a2 a+4%;%"a"(2.•

S$3("%4a+%*n a )2 2%24(,a2 %n>',:4%+2.

,.,.,., RECURSOS IN7ORMÁTICOS

“,odos aquellos componentes de ard(are y programas 2"oft(are3 que son

necesarios para el buen funcionamiento y la 4ptimi%aci#n del trabajo con

4rdenadores y -erif)ricos$ tanto a nivel Individual$ como Colectivo u 4rgani%ativo$

sin dejar de lado el buen funcionamiento de los mismos.! )" 3'(226 -X

E2 n(+(2a'% +n4a' +n 4"2 a8$())2 +,3n(n4(2 4an4 4an&%!)(2 +,

%n4an&%!)(2 "() +,3$4a"' )2 +$a)(2 2n n(+(2a'%2 ( %n"%23(n2a!)(2 3a'a ()

>$n+%na,%(n4 7 () ,(='a,%(n4 (n +$an4 a '(n"%,%(n4 "() 2%24(,a 3('a4%;.

G'a+%a2 a (242 '(+$'22 )2 $2$a'%2 3"':n '(a)%9a' 4'a!a=2 "( +a)%"a".

P' "(>(+46 (n $n @&a' n 2( 4(n"':n )a2 ,%2,a2 n(+(2%"a"(2 8$( (n $na

E,3'(2a. Un @&a' ,("% 4(n"'5a 2$>%+%(n4( +n $n PC6 $na %,3'(2'a6 $n S+ann('6

Cn(%*n a In4('n(46 %n"Q26 '"6 E+() 7 $n a++(2 ?n%+ a 4"2 (242

R(+$'22.

P"'5a,2 @a!)a' "( )a 32%!%)%"a" "( $4%)%9a' $na &'an +an4%"a" "( '(+$'22

"%&%4a)(2 "%23n%!)(26 4an4 ()a!'a"2 3' (,3'(2a2 +,('+%a)(2 +, 3' )2

3'3%2 3'>(2'(26 ,( '(>%(' (23(+%a),(n4( a) 2>4Qa'( ("$+a4%;6 a$n8$( 3"'5a@a!)a'2( 4a,!%


37/59

P(' a"(,:2 '(2$)4a "( &'an %n4('('%'n2 a8$5 a) $2 "( a3)%+a+%n(2

&(n%n( $n (8$%3 "%2(a" 3a'a $n $2

&(n('a) 7 3a'a $na ;a'%a2 3('2na2. S%(n" $n '"(na"' MAC $n PC6 )a ,a7'5a"( )a &(n4( '()a+%na (24( 4


38/59

3an4a))a2 2(n2%4%;a2 a) +n4a+4 3a'a '(a)%9a' )a2 4a'(a2 @a!%4$a)(2. S$()(n 2(' ,$7

)%&('a2 +n $na ;%"a "( !a4('5a 'a9na!)(. a7 ;('2%n(2 a)& ,a7'(2 8$( (24:n

(n4'( $na PDA 7 $n 3'4:4%).

< H"%tat!"n.J E2 $n '"(na"' "( 2!'(,(2a 8$( 4%(n( $n 3'+(2a"' ,:2

34(n4(6 $na ,(,'%a a"%+%na) 7 '(+$'22 2$>%+%(n4(2 3a'a '(a)%9a' 4a'(a2 (23(+%a)(2

7 "( &'an 3(2 7 "(2&a24(.

= Se%!#"%.J E2 $n '"(na"' 8$( @a 2%" 34%,%9a" 3a'a 3';((' "(

2(';%+%2 a 4'2 '"(na"'(2 2!'( $na '(" )+a) "( In4('n(4. U2$a),(n4(

"%23n(n "( 3'+(2a"'(2 "( a)4a 34(n+%a6 ,$+@a ,(,'%a 7 ;a'%2 "%2+2 "$'2 "(

&'an 4a,a.

@ Ma!n0%ae.JEn )2 4(,3'an2 a2 "( )a %n>',:4%+a6 (24( 4%3 "(

'"(na"'(2 ('an &'an"(2 (8$%32 8$( 3"5an +$3a' $na @a!%4a+%*n (n4('a

%n+)$2 $na 3)an4a (n4('a. A) %' "%2,%n$7(n" (n 4a,a 7 a 2$ ;(9 %n+'(,(n4an"

(n 34(n+%a6 () 4


39/59

D(n4' "() &'$3 "( 4'a!a= 2( 3$("(n +,3a'4%' >$n+%n(2

%n4('+a,!%a' (3('%(n+%a2.

a7 %n4('+a,!% "( (3('%(n+%a2 7 32%!%)%"a"(2 ,a7'(2 "(

3',+%*n a) 3('2na) "(24a+a".

DES?ENTA6AS DE LOS RECURSOS IN7ORMÁTICOS

• A)4 &'a" "( "()(&a+%*n "( '(23n2a!%)%"a"(2.

• D%;('2%"a" "( a++%n(2 2!'( $na ,%2,a :'(a.

• Ma7' +a'&a a",%n%24'a4%;a.

• R%(2&2 "( n a)+an9a' )2 !=(4%;2 n% )a2 ,(4a2 (24a!)(+%"a2 "(!%"

a )a '%&%"(9 "( )2 3)a92 7 3' )a +$)4$'a %n>',:4%+a 3' 3a'4( "( )2

$2$a'%2.

• P2%!%)%"a" "( >'a$"( 2!'( )a2 ,(4a2 7 '(+$'22 "() 3'7(+4.

,.,.,./ APLICACIONES


40/59

Una a3)%+a+%*n %n>',:4%+a (2 $n 4%3 "( 2>4Qa'( 8$( 3(',%4( a) $2$a'%

'(a)%9a' $n ,:2 4%32 "( 4'a!a=.

“"on$ aquellos programas que permiten la interacci#n entre usuario ycomputadora 2comunicaci#n3$ dando opci#n al usuario a elegir opciones y ejecutar

acciones que el programa le ofrece .E*isten innumerable cantidad de tipos de

aplicaciones.! E)%2a B(n54(96 -K

L2 3'+(2a"'(2 "( 4(4 7 )a2 @=a2 "( +:)+$) 2n (=(,3)2 "(

a3)%+a+%n(2 %n>',:4%+a26 ,%(n4'a2 8$( )2 2%24(,a2 3('a4%;2 )2 3'&'a,a2 "(

$4%)%"a"(2 8$( +$,3)(n 4a'(a2 "( ,an4(n%,%(n4 n >',an 3a'4( "( (242

3'&'a,a2.

La2 a3)%+a+%n(2 3$("(n @a!(' 2%" "(2a''))a"a2 a ,("%"a 3a'a 2a4%2>a+('

)a2 n(+(2%"a"(2 (23(+5>%+a2 "( $n $2$a'% >',a' 3a'4( "( $n 3a8$(4( %n4(&'a"

+, () +a2 "( M%+'2>4 O>>%+(.

En %n>',:4%+a6 $na a3)%+a+%*n (2 $n 4%3 "( 3'&'a,a %n>',:4%+ "%2(a"

+, @(''a,%(n4a 3a'a 3(',%4%' a $n $2$a'% '(a)%9a' $n "%;('22 4%32 "(4'a!a=2. E24 ) "%>('(n+%a 3'%n+%3a),(n4( "( 4'2 4%32 "( 3'&'a,a2 +, )2

2%24(,a2 3('a4%;2 8$( @a+(n >$n+%na' a) '"(na"'6 )a2 $4%)%"a"(2 8$( '(a)%9an

4a'(a2 "( ,an4(n%,%(n4 "( $2 &(n('a)6 7 )2 )(n&$a=(2 "( 3'&'a,a+%*n +n ()

+$a) 2( +'(an )2 3'&'a,a2 %n>',:4%+2.


41/59

A+4$a),(n4(6 +n () $2 "( "%232%4%;2 ,*;%)(2 2( @a (4(n"%" () 4>%+(

• '%4('

• N4(P'

• B)& "( n4a2

O6AS DE CALCULO: En>+a"a2 a )a '(a)%9a+%*n "( +:)+$)2 ,a4(,:4%+2

E=(,3)2

• M%+'2>4 E+()

• O3(n O>>%+(

• Ca)+

• L4$2

BASES DE DATOS: Pa'a '&an%9a' 7 >a+%)%4a' () a++(2 a &'an +an4%"a" "( "a42

E=(,3)2

• M%+'2>4 A++(22

• O3(n O>>%+( Ba2(

• M7S#L

• V%2$a) FP'


42/59

• "Ba2(

PRESENTACIONES

E=(,3)2

• M%+'2>4 PQ(' P%n4

• O3(nO>>%+(.'& I,3'(22

• C'() P'(2(n4a4%n2

• %n"Q2 M;%( Ma('

COMUNICACIONES DE DATOS

E=(,3)2

• Sa>a'%

• MSN E3)'('

• a9aa

• MSN M(22(n&(' a@^ M(22(n&('

• IC#

• AOL In24an4 M(22(n&('

NA?EGADORES: En+a'&a"2 "( ,24'a' )a2 3:&%na2 "( In4('n(4

E=(,3)2

• M9%))a F%'(>

• In4('n(4 E3)'('

• O3('a

• N(42+a3( Na;%&a4'

• G&)( +@',(

CORREO ELECTRÓNICO

E=(,3)2

• O$4) E3'(22


43/59


44/59

La (;)$+%*n 4(+n)*&%+a ,"('na @a "(2(,3(a" $n 3a3() +)a;( (n () "(2a''))

"( )a2 ,"('na2 4()(+,$n%+a+%n(2 )a ,%+'()(+4'*n%+a6 3' (=(,3)6 +n )a

,%n%a4$'%9a+%*n "( )2 +,3n(n4(26 )a '("$++%*n "( )2 +242 "( >a!'%+a+%*n 7 () a$,(n4

"( )a >%a!%)%"a" "( )2 "%232%4%;26 @a 3(',%4%" $na %n+'3'a+%*n ,a2%;a "( )a2 4'(+%"2. A (24( '(23(+4 +a!( "(24a+a' )a2

4()(+,$n%+a+%n(2 a 4'a;:+%) "a'n2 +$(n4a +*, () "(2a'')) "( )a +,3$4a+%*n 2( @a %n4(&'a" (n )a2

4()(+,$n%+a+%n(2 7 @a 3'3%+%a" () 2$'&%,%(n4 "( n$(;a2 >',a2 "( +,$n%+a+%*n6 8$(

2n a+(34a"a2 7 $2a"a2 +a"a ;(9 3' ,:2 3('2na2.

EDUCACIÓN

La W2+%("a" "( )a %n>',a+%*nW (n &(n('a) 7 )a2 n$(;a2 4(+n)&5a2 (n 3a'4%+$)a'6

%n+%"(n "( ,an('a 2%&n%>%+a4%;a (n 4"2 )2 n%;()(2 "() ,$n" ("$+a4%;. E24 @a 4'a5"

(n',(2 ;(n4a=a2 7a 8$( a!'( )a2 3$('4a2 "( $n %n,(n2 ,a' "( +n+%,%(n42 a) a)+an+(

"( )a +,$n%"a" (24$"%an4%).

L2 "(2a''))2 (n () +a,3 "( )a %n>',:4%+a 8$( 2( @an ;(n%" "an" (n )2

?)4%,2 a26 4%(n(n $n %,3a+4 ,$7 &'an"( (n () 3'+(2 ("$+a4%; "( 4"2 )2 n%;()(26

"(2"( )2 n%2 3(8$(2 8$( a3(na2 +,%(n9an a '(+%!%' $na (n2(an9a >',a) @a24a )2

,:2 a)42 n%;()(2 "( ("$+a+%*n 2$3('%'.

A 4'a;%+a"

(n',(,(n4(. A@'a 7a $n (24$"%an4( n a3'(n"( 2)a,(n4( "( )2 )%!'2 %,3'(22 "( )a

+:4("'a "( $n "+(n4(6 2%n 8$( 4%(n( )a 32%!%)%"a" "( %n24'$%'2( ;%'4$a),(n4( a 4'a;


45/59

)%!'2 ()(+4'*n%+26 (n+%+)3("%a2 ;%'4$a)(26 3$!)%+a+%n(2 ("$+a4%;a2 (n In4('n(46 2%4%2

%n4('a+4%;2 +n "%;('2a2 %,:&(n(2 7 2n%"2 ,$)4%,("%a6 &':>%+26 (4+.

E%24(n 4a,!%',a)(2 "( ("$+a+%*n ;%'4$a)6 (2 "(+%' 8$( )a

%n>',:4%+a n 2)a,(n4( +n4'%!$7( a )a ("$+a+%*n "( $na ,an('a a$4"%":+4%+a6 2%n

4a,!%%na)6 () (24$"%an4( !4%(n( () D%3),a T54$)

+('4%>%+a" 8$( )( a+'("%4a )$(& "( @a!(' '(a)%9a" 2$2 (24$"%2 a "%24an+%a6 "n"( 2( @a+(

$2 "( )a2 4(+n)&5a2 %n>',:4%+a2.

Un (=(,3) "( (24( 2%24(,a "( ("$+a+%*n >',a) a "%24an+%a $4%)%9an" '(+$'22

%n>',:4%+2 ( In4('n(4 (2 () 3'&'a,a T@,2n E"$+a4%n D%'(+46 8$( >'(+( $na &'an

;a'%("a" "( +a''('a2 ;+a+%na)(26 "( ," 8$( 3('2na2 "( +$a)8$%(' )$&a' "() ,$n" 8$(

@a7an >%na)%9a" 2$2 (24$"%2 2(+$n"a'%26 4%(n(n )a 3'4$n%"a" "( (24$"%a' (n )5n(a a

4'a;


46/59


47/59

;(+(2 >$n+%nan +, !a2( 3a'a )a 4,a "( "(+%2%n(2 a 3a'4%' "( "a42 (24a"524%+2

3'+(2a"2 7 3'(2(n4a"2 a 4'a;:+%)(2 "( a2%,%)a'6 3"(,2 "(+%' 8$( )a !a2( "( "a42 @a+( 32%!)(

)a +n24'$++%*n "( >%+@('26 +n )2 "%>('(n4(2 +a,32 8$( >',an 2$2 '(&%24'2. T"a2 )a2

(,3'(2a2 (n 4"2 )2 +a,32 n(+(2%4an 4(n(' $na !a2( "( "a42.

P%eenta*!"ne:

E24( 4%3 "( a3)%+a+%*n n2 3(',%4( (3n(' 3'(2(n4a' "(4(',%na" 4(,a an4( $na

a$"%(n+%a "( $na >',a a,(na6 ;%2$a)6 ( %n4('a+4%;a.

M("%an4( )a2 3'(2(n4a+%n(2 3"(,2 a&'(&a' "%;('22 +)'(26 3'(2(n4a' (28$(,a26

"%!$=26 &':>%+2 a25 +, 4a,!%',a+%*n 4(*'%+a "() 4(,a 8$( 8$('(,2 (3n('

3'(2(n4a'.

O4'a "( )a2 &'an"(2 ;(n4a=a2 8$( (24( 4%3 "( a3)%+a+%*n n2 >'(+( (2 () ,;%,%(n4

"( )2 ()(,(n42 ,24'a"2 (n 3an4a))a6 ) +$a) "a $na a3a'%(n+%a ( %,3'(2%*n a&'a"a!)( 7

3(',%4( +,3'(n"(' ,(=' )a2 %"(a2 8$( 2( 8$%('(n "a' a +n+('.

E2 ,$7 $4%)%9a" (n (,3'(2a2 8$( 2( "("%+an a )a 3$!)%+%"a"6 %n+)$2%;( (n )a2

(2+$()a2 2( +,(n9* a "a' +)a2(2 !a= (24( 2%24(,a.

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA APLICACIÓN IN7ORMÁTICA


48/59

La2 a3)%+a+%n(2 %n>',:4%+a2 2n ,$7 2%,%)a'(2 3a'a +a"a $na "( )a2 3'$(!a2 8$(

+,3n(n $n 3'7(+46 ;a'%an" a () !an+ "( 54(,2 7 )a2 +n2%&na2 & () 4%3 "( '(&%24'

"( )a2 '(23$(24a2 7 * )a2 4a!)a2 "( +''(++%*n.

La2 a3)%+a+%n(2 3(',%4(n

• D%23n(' (n 23'4( %n>',:4%+ "( )a @=a "( "a42 "( )a 3('2na (;a)$a"a.

• D%23n(' (n 23'4( %n>',:4%+ "( )a2 +n2%&na2 ( 54(,2 "( +a"a +$(24%na'%.

• R(&%24'a' )a2 '(23$(24a2 "() 2$=(4.

• La +''(++%*n 4%3%>%+a"a "( )a2 3'$(!a26 ,24'an" )2 '(2$)4a"2 (n $n &':>%+.

• D%;('2a2 a",%n%24'a+%n(2 (n >',a4 4(240'(4(24 ,24'an" $n &':>%+ +,3a'a4%;.

•

La !4(n+%*n a$4,:4%+a "( $n %n>',( (n ORD.

?ENTA6AS DES?ENTA6AS DE LAS APLICACIONES IN7ORMÁTICAS

En () ,$n" "( )a %n>',:4%+a (%24(n "%;('2a2 ;(n4a=a2 7 "(2;(n4a=a26 2(&?n "(2"(

() 3$n4 "( ;%24a (n 8$( )a ,%'a,2 4(n(,2 a )a %n>',:4%+a +,

?ENTA6AS:

La In4('n(4 4( !'%n"a a++(2 %n,("%a4 a 3':+4%+a,(n4( 4" () +n+%,%(n4

'(+a!a" 3' )a 'a9a @$,ana "$'an4( )a @%24'%a "( 2$ +%;%)%9a+%*n6 7 (24 a $na ,*"%+a

4a'%>a ,(n2$a) 3' @'a 2% ) $2a2 (n $n +%!('+a>


49/59

M$+@a2 3('2na2 %n>'%n&(n )2 "('(+@2 "( a$4' a) ;('2( 4(n4a"a2 3' 4an4a

%n>',a+%*n 7 4(',%nan +3%an" 7 3(&an" 4(42 3a'a "(23$',a+%*n 3('2na) 8$( (%24( (n In4('n(4 3a'a +@an4a=(a' '!a'

%"(n4%"a"(2.

,.,.,.2 RENDIMIENTO TECNOLÓGICO

“En la actualidad la ciencia y la tecnolog&a an modificado sustancialmente la

relaci#n del ser umano con la naturale%a$ as& como la interacci#n entre los seres vivos$

jugando un papel elemental en el desarrollo social. El desarrollo cient&fico y tecnol#gico

es uno de los factores m's influyentes sobre la sociedad contempor'nea. 5o se podr&a

ablar de globali%aci#n mundial$ polari%adora de la rique%a y el poder$ sin el avance de

las fuer%as productivas que la ciencia y la tecnolog&a an eco posibles. El avance

acelerado de la tecnolog&a est' asociado con los diferentes acontecimientos ist#ricos6 las

guerras mundiales$ la guerra fr&a$ la globali%aci#n y en lo fundamental la revoluci#n

industrial. 7e igual forma este desarrollo tecnol#gico a eco que se d) una nueva forma

de educar$ sin dejar de lado el desarrollo de valores sociales.! Ca)2 Ba&na'a6 -11

En )a a+4$a)%"a" (24a,2 ;%;%(n" a+()('a"2 +a,!%2 7 )2 2('(2 @$,an2 2,2 )a

+)a;( "() "(2a'')) "( )a 4(+n)&5a 7a 8$( @7 (n "5a 4" "( ,$(;( a 4'a;',a' 3('2na2 +n

+'%4('% 3'3%6 ":n")(2 a +n+(' n$(;a2 @(''a,%(n4a2 4(+n)*&%+a2 +n )a2 8$( 3$("an

a"8$%'%' +n+%,%(n42 n$(;2.

D$'an4( )a2 ?)4%,a2 "52%+a2 @7 (n &(n('a) (2 %n>)$(n+%a"a

(n &'an 3a'4( 3' )a 4(+n)&5a. En n$(24'2 "5a26 () %,3a+4 "( )a +%(n+%a 7 )a 4(+n)&5a @a

2%" 3'>$n" 7 a!a'+a"'6 2$ ,n%3'(2(n4( %n>)$(n+%a n ,$(24'a 2%&n2 "( '("$++%*n6 a)


50/59

+n4'a'%6 () 3a3() +)a;( 8$( (=('+(n (n () "(2a'')) "( +$a)8$%(' a+4%;%"a" @$,ana 2( @a+(

+a"a "5a ,:2 (;%"(n4(.

En $na (,3'(2a 8$( @a %n+'3'a" )a &(24%*n 4(+n)*&%+a (n 2$ +$)4$'a6 )a2

a+4%;%"a"(2 3'3%a2 "( ())a (24:n %n+'3'a"a2 (n 2$ +a"(na "( ;a)' 7 2n '(a)%9a"a2 (n

>',a 2%24(,:4%+a ,("%an4( $n2 3'+(22 !:2%+2 8$( "(2a''))an >$n+%n(2 "( &(24%*n

4(+n)*&%+a. P'+(22 8$( %n4(&'an +,3(4(n+%a2 4(+n)*&%+a26 +,3(4(n+%a2 "( &(24%*n 7

'(+$'22 "%23n%!)(2 3a'a )a (,3'(2a (n () +$,3)%,%(n4 "( 2$2 3'3*2%426 !=(4%;26

(24'a4(&%a2 7 3('a+%n(2. P'+(22 8$( %n;)$+'an 4a,!%',a+%*n 7

+n+%,%(n426 7 )a %n4('a++%*n 2+%a) "( 3('2na2 (n )a +'(a+%*n "( +n+%,%(n4 7 ()

"(2a'')) "( %nn;a+%n(2 3a'a )a +'(a+%*n "( ;a)' 7 "( ;(n4a=a2 +,3(4%4%;a2.

En4'( (242 3'+(22 3$("(n ,(n+%na'2( )a &(24%*n "() +n+%,%(n46 () ,n%4'(

7 )a %n4()%&(n+%a 4(+n (+n*,%+a6 )a (;a)$a+%*n "( a)4('na4%;a2 4(+n)*&%+a26 )a n(&+%a+%*n

"( 4(+n)&5a6 )a 4'an2>('(n+%a "( 4(+n)&5a6 )a a2%,%)a+%*n 7 a"a34a+%*n6 ,(='a,%(n4 7 )a

%n;(24%&a+%*n 7 () "(2a'')).

En 4',a+%*n 4%+a+%*n "() "(2a'')) 4(+n)*&%+ &(24%*n "()

>%nan+%a,%(n4 "() "(2a'')) 4(+n)*&%+ %"(n4%>%+a+%*n6 2()(++%*n 7 '(+)$4a,%(n4 "(

a2(2'(2 4',$)a+%*n 7 (=(+$+%*n "( 3)54%+a2 "( +a3a+%4a+%*n "() '(+$'2 @$,an

3)an4(a,%(n46 3'(;(n+%*n 7 3'4(++%*n "( "('(+@2 "( 3'3%("a" %n4()(+4$a) 7 ,$+@a2

,:2.


51/59

P' (=(,3)6 a&'$3a )2 3'+(22 "( &(24%*n 4(+n)*&%+a (n )a (,3'(2a (n 4'(2

:,!%42 () "( )a a"8$%2%+%*n6 () "( 2$ $2 3'3%a,(n4( "%+@ 7 () "( )a '(a)%9a+%*n "(

a+4%;%"a"(2 "( %n;(24%&a+%*n 7 "(2a''))6 (n )2 8$( $!%+a a)&$na2 "( )a2 >$n+%n(2 "(

&(24%*n 4(+n)*&%+a an4(2 2(a)a"a2.

La a"8$%2%+%*n "( 4(+n)&5a 4%(n( $n 3a3() %,3'4an4( (n () 3'+(2 "(

a+$,$)a+%*n "( +a3a+%"a"(2 4(+n)*&%+a2 7 3' ()) 2( )( a2%&na () 3'3*2%4 &(n('a) "(

+n;('4%' )2 3'+(22 "( +,3'a "( 4(+n)&5a (n 3'+(22 8$( 3(',%4an $na ;('"a"('a

4'an2>('(n+%a "( 4(+n)&5a '%(n4an" )a &(24%*n a a"8$%'%' )a2 +a3a+%"a"(2 4(+n)*&%+a2

3a'a $2a' a"(+$a"a,(n4( )a 4(+n)&5a6 a"a34a')a 7 ,(='a')a6 ,:2 8$( a a"8$%'%' $na

+a3a+%"a" 3'"$+4%;a. En )a2 (4a3a2 &)!a)(2 3a'a )a a"8$%2%+%*n "( 4(+n)&5a6 Á;a)2

%n+)$7( !?28$("a "( %n>',a+%*n6 2()(++%*n6 (;a)$a+%*n6 n(&+%a+%*n 7 a"3+%*n "(4(+n)&5a 7 +n2%"('a >$n"a,(n4a)(2 3a'a () 3'+(2 "( a"3+%*n () "%2( "( %n&(n%('5a6

)a +,3'a "( ,a8$%na'%a 7 (8$%326 )a +n24'$++%*n6 () ,n4a=(6 )a 3'$(!a 7 3$(24a (n

,a'+@a "( )2 2%24(,a2 3'"$+4%;2.

D(24a+a 4a,!%


52/59

+, "( %n>',a+%*n6 "( +n4'%!$+%n(2 4(+n)*&%+a2 (4('na2 7 "( '(+$'22 >%nan+%('2.

R(2$)4an +'$+%a)(2 3a'a () %',a2 "( %n&(n%('5a 7 +n2$)4'5a 8$( n 3$("(n "(=a'2( a )a &(n('a+%*n (23n4:n(a

+a2$a)6 2%n 8$( "(!(n 2(' 3)an(a"a26 '&an%9a"a2 7 (=(+$4a"a2 (n >',a "()%!('a"a6 (2

"(+%'6 &(24%na"a2.

INNO?ACIÓN PARA EL USO DE LA TECNOLOGÍA EN LAS EMPRESAS

Una "( )a2 >$(n4(2 3'%n+%3a)(2 3a'a )a &(n('a+%*n "( +n+%,%(n4 (n )a (,3'(2a (2

)a Inn;a+%*n 3a'a () $2 "( )a T(+n)&5a (n )a2 (,3'(2a2. E24a 3$("( 4(n(' %"(n4%"a" 7;%"a 3'3%a "(n4' "( )a '&an%9a+%*n6 3(' (2 !a= () '(2&$a'" "( )a G(24%*n "()

Cn+%,%(n4 +$an" 8$("a %n4(&'a"a 44a),(n4( "(n4' "( )2 3'+(22 "( n(&+% "( )a

(,3'(2a A +n4%n$a+%*n 4(n"'(,2 "%24%n4a2 %n4('3'(4a+%n(2 "() +n+(34 "( Inn;a+%*n

1. C'(a+%*n ,"%>%+a+%*n "( $n 3'"$+4 7 2$ %n4'"$++%*n (n $n ,('+a".

-. E24( >(n*,(n %,3)%+a )a %n4'"$++%*n (%42a (n () ,('+a"6 (n )2 3'+(22

"( 3'"$++%*n (n )a2 3'3%a2 '&an%9a+%n(26 "( n$(;2 3'"$+426 4(+n)&5a2 2(';%+%2

%n4(n2%;2 (n +n+%,%(n46 a25 +, )a 2$!2%&$%(n4( "%>$2%*n (n )a 2+%("a".

H. Cn2%24( (n a3'4a' a)& n$(; 7 a?n "(2+n+%" (n $n "(4(',%na" +n4(4.

/. In"%+a 8$( )a %nn;a+%*n (2 )a 4'an2>',a+%*n "( $na %"(a (n $n 3'"$+4

;(n"%!)( n$(; ,(='a" (n $n 3'+(2 3('a4%; (n )a %n"$24'%a 7 (n () +,('+% (n

n$(; ,


53/59

E2 n(+(2a'% ,a'+a' )a "%>('(n+%a (n4'( %n;(n4 ( %nn;a+%*n 3' +$an4 2) $na

3(8$(a 3'3'+%*n "( )a2 3a4(n4(2 ,(n2 "( 1_ ))(&an a +n;('4%'2( (n %nn;a+%n(2

(n )a 2+%("a".

V%(n" ) 8$( 4" () ,$n" ;(6 )(7(n" ) 8$( 4" () ,$n" )((6 7(n" ) 8$(

4" () ,$n" 7(6 %nn;a' (2 '(a)%9a' ) 8$( na"%( @a %,a&%na"6 4"a;5a.

S% ana)%9a,2 (24 4(n"'(,2 8$( n 2) (2 n(+(2a'% +'(a' a)& 2%n !$2+a' 8$(

(24( 3$("a 2(' "%>$n"%" an4( )a 2+%("a" 7 8$( )a ,%2,a 3('+%!a $n &'an !(n(>%+% "( (24(6

) 8$( +n+(,2 +, n%;()(2 "( 3(n(4'a+%*n (n )a 2+%("a".

E2 "(+%'6 8$( $na %"(a6 $na %n;(n+%*n $n "(2+$!'%,%(n4 2( 4'an2>',a (n $na%nn;a+%*n (n () %n24an4( (n 8$( 2( (n+$(n4'a $na $4%)%"a" a) @a))a9&.

INNO?ACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA

La '%8$(9a "( $na (,3'(2a "( +$a)8$%(' +,$n%"a" @$,ana 3';%(n( "() 4'a!a=

"( )a2 3('2na2. Pa'a )a ,%2,a +an4%"a" "( 4'a!a=6 )a2 >',a2 "( '&an%9a+%*n 7

+a3%4a)%9a+%*n "( (2( 4'a!a=6 )a "4a+%*n (n %n>'a(24'$+4$'a26 () +a3%4a) "( +n+%,%(n42 "(

)a2 3('2na26 (n4'( 4'2 >a+4'(26 3(',%4(n 8$( )a '%8$(9a 2( +'(( 7 2( +n2)%"( +n ,a7'

,(n' ;()+%"a"6 3(' n%n&$n "( (242 >a+4'(2 2( (4'a( "%'(+4a,(n4( "( )2 ,('+a"2

>%nan+%('2.

La %nn;a+%*n 4(+n)*&%+a (2 $n '(8$%2%4 "( )a +'(a+%*n "( '%8$(9a. En )a2

(+n,5a2 "(2a''))a"a2 7 +,3(4%4%;a26 2*) (%24(n 4'(2 >',a2 "( 8$( () 4'a!a= "( )a2

3('2na2 3'"$9+a n$(;a '%8$(9a (,3'(2a'%a) "( ,an('a 224(n%!)( +a34a' 7 >%"()%9a'

+)%(n4(26 %n+'(,(n4an" )a +$4a "( ,('+a" (n $na a+4%;%"a" "(4(',%na"a 34%,%9a'

3'+(226 %n+'(,(n4an" )a 3'"$+4%;%"a" "() 4'a!a= 76 2!'( 4"6 "(2a''))a' n$(;2

3'"$+42 7 2(';%+%2 3a'a +'(a' a+4%;%"a"(2 (n4('a,(n4( n$(;a2. En (242 4'(2 >'(n4(26 3+

2( 3$("( @a+(' 2%n %nn;a+%*n.


54/59

P' 2$3$(246 ,$+@a2 %n%+%a4%;a2 3$("(n n 2(' 4(+n)*&%+a2 3' (=(,3)6 2( 3$("(

%n+'(,(n4a' )a +$4a "( ,('+a" >$2%n:n"2( +n (,3'(2a2 +,3(4%"'a26 a$,(n4a' )a

3'"$+4%;%"a" 4'a2)a"an" a+4%;%"a"(2 a 3a52(2 '(&%n(2 +n (24'$+4$'a2 "( +24(2 ,:2

>a;'a!)(26 "(2a''))a' n$(;2 3'"$+42 a 3a'4%' "( !'%))an4(2 %"(a2 +n (2+a2 n$)

+,3n(n4( 4(+n)*&%+.

P(' )a %nn;a+%*n 4%(n"( a 2(' +a"a ;(9 ,:2 4(+n)*&%+a. N$(24'a 2+%("a" ;%;(

%n,('2a (n $na (23%'a) a2+(n"(n4( "( 4(+n)&5a. a 2,2 $na +,$n%"a" ,$7

4(+n%>%+a"a6 (n )a 8$( +a"a ;(9 ,:2 3'+(22 "() "5a a "5a "(3(n"(n "( )a 4(+n)&5a6 7

+a,!%a' (22 3'+(22 )an9a' n$(;2 3'"$+42 7 n$(;2 @:!%42 '(8$%('(n a 2$ ;(9 $na

,a7' %n4(n2%>%+a+%*n 4(+n)*&%+a.

En (24( 2(n4%" 3"(,2 ;(' "( ,an('a &':>%+a )a %,3'4an+%a "( )a %nn;a+%*n

4(+n)*&%+a (n )a a+4$a)%"a"6 La 2%&$%(n4( >%&$'a '(3'(2(n4a (28$(,:4%+a,(n4( )a '()a+%*n

(%24(n4( (n4'( )a %nn;a+%*n6 )a %nn;a+%*n 4(+n)*&%+a6 7 )a ID. C, 2( 3$("( ;('6 )a

%nn;a+%*n 4(+n)*&%+a (2 $n 4%3 3a'4%+$)a' "( %nn;a+%*n (n )a 8$( )a 4(+n)&5a =$(&a $n

3a3() >$n"a,(n4a).

,./ MARCO CONCEPTUAL

C"n*e$t" #e Te*n"l"3;a.J )a 4(+n)&5a (2 () +n=$n4 "( 2a!('(26

+n+%,%(n426 @a!%)%"a"(2 7 "(24'(9a2 %n4(''()a+%na"2 +n 3'+("%,%(n42 3a'a )a

+n24'$++%*n 7 $2 "( a'4(>a+42 na4$'a)(2 a'4%>%+%a)(2 8$( 3(',%4an 4'an2>',a' ()

,("% 3a'a +$!'%' an@()26 "(2(26 n(+(2%"a"(26 7 +,3$)2%n(2 @$,ana2. E24a

"(>%n%+%*n (2 %n2$>%+%(n4( 3' ) +$a) @a7 8$( ana)%9a' )a2 >$n+%n(26 >%na)%"a"(2 7

)2 a23(+42 (3%24(,)*&%+2 "( )a 4(+n)&5a.


55/59

P(',%4(n "%2(a' 7 +'(a' !%(n(2 7 2(';%+%2 8$( >a+%)%4an )a a"a34a+%*n a)

,("% a,!%(n4( 7 2a4%2>a+(' 4an4 )a2 n(+(2%"a"(2 (2(n+%a)(2 +, )2 "(2(2 "( )a

@$,an%"a". E2 $na 3a)a!'a "( '%&(n &'%(&6 `bcdedfgh6 >',a"a 3' 4


56/59

a,!%(n4( !%2>('a6 (2 )a +a$2a 3'%n+%3a) "() +'(+%(n4( a&4a,%(n4 7 "(&'a"a+%*n

"( )2 '(+$'22 na4$'a)(2 "() 3)an(4a.

7UNCIONES DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS

En )a 3'(@%24'%a6 )a2 4(+n)&5a2 @an 2%" $2a"a2 3a'a 2a4%2>a+(' n(+(2%"a"(2

(2(n+%a)(2 a)%,(n4a+%*n6 ;(24%,(n4a6 ;%;%(n"a6 3'4(++%*n 3('2na)6 '()a+%*n 2+%a)6

+,3'(n2%*n "() ,$n" na4$'a) 7 2+%a)6 7 (n )a @%24'%a 4a,!%',a2 7

+, ,("%2 3a'a 2a4%2>a+(' "(2(2 2%,!)%9a+%*n "( (24a4$26 >a!'%+a+%*n "( a',a2

7 4"a )a &a,a "( ,("%2 a'4%>%+%a)(2 $2a"2 3a'a 3('2$a"%' 7 ",%na' a )a2

3('2na2.

7(n*!"ne n" t*n!*a #e l" $%"#(*t" te*n"l+3!*"

D(23$',a26 +)'(2 7 4(4$'a2. En4'( "2 3'"$+42 "(

%&$a)(2 3'(24a+%n(2 4


57/59

C$an" )a >$n+%*n 3'%n+%3a) "( )2 !=(42 4(+n)*&%+2 (2 )a 2%,!*)%+a6 n

2a4%2>a+(n )a2 n(+(2%"a"(2 !:2%+a2 "( )a2 3('2na2 7 2( +n;%('4(n (n ,("%2 3a'a

(24a!)(+(' (24a4$2 2+%a) 7 '()a+%n(2 "( 3"('.1

La2 =7a2 @(+@a2 "( ,(4a)(2 7 3%("'a2 3'(+%2a2 n %,3a+4an 4an4 3' 2$

!())(9a ,$+@a2 ;(+(2 +,3a'a!)( a) "( $na %,%4a+%*n !a'a4a +, 3' 2(' +)a'2

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M8TODOS DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS

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58/59

Un ,a+42. La2 4(+n)&5a2 "(

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a",%n%24'a+%*n.

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59/59

La %n;('2%*n "( )2 &!%('n2 (n 4(+n)&5a2 a3'3%a"a2 "(!( 3'%'%9a' "(

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