capitulo ii. compresores.pdf

8/11/2019 CAPITULO II. COMPRESORES.pdf

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CED BEVHECH HW\CEH MBZVCEO^ [email protected]

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GB\CV_AH CC. OA GHM\ZOWHZ


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Vbjab fo ghetoecfh foa gbptuah

GB\CV_AH CC. OA GHM\ZOWHZ ............................................................................................................. 2

:.2.GHM\ZOWHZOW ............................................................................................................................ 6

:.:. YBZCBGCHE FO AB GB\BGCFBF FOA GHM\ZOWHZ GHE AB YBZCBGCHE FO AB VOM\OZBV_ZB FO

BW\CZBGCHE ....................................................................................................................................... ?

:.7. GHM\ZOWHZOW FO MBSHZ S MOEHZ GB\BGCFBF R_O ABW ZOGHMOEFBFBW ...................... ....... 9

:.6. VC\HW FO GHM\ZOWHZOW FO BG_OZFH B AB GHEWVZ_GGCHE H _ECHE MHVHZ GHM\ZOWHZ . 9

:.6.2. @OZMOVCGHW ........................................................................................................................ 9

:.6.:. WOMC @OZMOVCGHW............................................................................................................. 4

:.6.7. BJCOZVHW ............................................................................................................................. 4

:.?. VC\HW FO GHM\ZOWHZOW FO BG_OZFH BA WCWVOMB FO CM\_AWCE .................... ........................ 0

:.?.2. GHM\ZOWHZOW BAVOZEBVCYHW H ZOGC\ZHGBEVOW .............................................................. 0

:.?.2.2. FOW\ABBMCOEVH FOA \CWVE. ....................................................................................2!

:.?.2.:. ZOEFCMCOEVH YHA_M"VZCGH H O#CGCOEGCB YHA_MOVZCGB. ....................... .................2!

:.?.2.7. YHA_MOE ZOBA. ...........................................................................................................2!

:.?.2.6. ZOABGCE FO GHM\ZOWCE$ .........................................................................................22

:.?.:. GHM\ZOWHZOW ZHVBVCYH$ ..................................................................................................22

:.?.7. GHM\ZOWHZ WGZHAA$ ..........................................................................................................27

:.?.6. GHM\ZOWHZOW FO VHZECAAH$ .............................................................................................26

:.?.?. GHM\ZOWHZ CEYOZVOZ .......................................................................................................2?

:.?.9. GHM\ZOWHZ GOEVZC#_%H ..................................................................................................2?

:.9. A_JZCGBGCE GHM\ZOWHZOW ....................................................................................................29

:.9.2. JBZJHVOH H WBA\CGBF_ZB ................................................................................................29

:.9.:. GOEVZC#_%H .......................................................................................................................24

:.9.7. JHMJB FO BGOCVO ...............................................................................................................24

:.4. YOAHGCFBF FO ZHVBGC&E FO AHW GHM\ZOWHZOW .....................................................................24

:.0. \Z_OJB FO OWVBER_OCFBF FO GHM\ZOWHZOW .........................................................................20

:.'. BGGOWHZCHW GHM_EOW OE _E MHVHGHM\ZOWHZ ...................................................................2'

:.2!. GHM\ZOWHZOW FO BG_OZFH B ABW VOM\OZBV_ZBW FO OYB\HZBGCHE FOA WCWVOMB H

\ZOWCHE FO ZOVHZEH ......................................................................................................................2'

:.22. GHM\ZOWHZOW FO BG_OZFH BA VC\H FO YBAY_AB FO O(\BEWCHE FOA WCWVOMB .................... .:!


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:.2:. FBVHW OW\OGCBAOW FO \ABGBW OE GHM\ZOWHZOW ...................................................................:!

:.27. WOAOGGCE GHM\ZOWHZ. .........................................................................................................:!

:.27.2. MOVHFH VOG_MWO@ .........................................................................................................:2

:.27.:. MOVHFH OM\CZCGH ...........................................................................................................:2

:.27.7. MOVHFH \HVOEGCB #ZC%HZC#CGB ......................................................................................:2

:.26. ZOEFCMCOEVH FO GHM\ZOWHZOW ............................................................................................:?

:.2?. GB_WBW FO #BAABW MOGBECGBW OE GHM\ZOWHZOW .................................................................:'

:.29. GHMH MBEVOEOZ H CEGZOMOEVBZ AB O#CGCOEGCB FO AHW GHM\ZOWHZOW .................... .........7!

:.24. ZOYCWCHE FO _E GHM\ZOWHZ. .................................................................................................7!

:.20. JBVOZCBW FO GHM\ZOWHZOW H ZBG)W .....................................................................................72

:.2'. #BAABW OE GHM\ZOWHZOW .......................................................................................................77

:.2'.2. #BAVB FO A_JZCGBGCHE .....................................................................................................77

:.2'.:. ZOGBAOEVBMCOEVHW .........................................................................................................77

:.2'.7. \ZHJAOMBW FO OWVBER_COFBF .......................................................................................76

:.2'.6. BVBWGBMCOEVH ................................................................................................................76

:.2'.?. BZZBER_OW CE_EFBFHW ..................................................................................................76


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:.2.GHM\ZOWHZOW

Ab mcsce foa ghmproshr os ab fo bspcrbr oa dbs quo prhvcoeo foa ovbphrbfhr b jbnb prosce ytrbesphrtbrah ba ghefoesbfhr oe oa mcsmh ostbfh dbsohsh, bumoetbefh su prosce y tomporbturb;scmuateobmoeto bumoetb ab foescfbf foa roircdorbeto mcoetrbs gcrguab oa iaucfh phr oa scstomb. Oe oafcsoh y osghdoegcb fo ahs ghmproshros so fojo toeor oe guoetb quo>

Ab tomporbturb foa roircdorbeto b ab sbacfb foa ghmproshr fojo sor moehr h cduba fo 2:?G h:60I.

Ab tomporbturb foa fhmh foa ghmproshr fojo sor moehr h cduba fo 22


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:.:. YBZCBGCHE FO AB GB\BGCFBF FOA GHM\ZOWHZ GHE ABYBZCBGCHE FO AB VOM\OZBV_ZB FO BW\CZBGCHE

Ghmh so vc oe oa gcgah jscgh fo roircdorbgce, b mbyhr tomporbturb fo ovbphrczbgce fo acqucfh oe oaovbphrbfhr, mbyhr sor ab prosce vbphrczbeto, moehr oa vhaumoe ospogcicgh y phr mbyhr foescfbffoa dbs b ab oetrbfb foa ghmproshr.

Fojcfh b ah oxprosbfh betorchrmoeto, b gbfb vhaumoe ghmprcmcfh fo vbphr oe oa ghmproshr,prosoetb ueb mbyhr mbsb fo roircdorbeto gubefh ab tomporbturb fo ovbphrbgce os mbyhr quogubefh os moehr; sc bdrodbfh b osth, ab tomporbturb fo ghefoesbgce pormbeogo ghestbeto,oethegos ab roabgce fo ghmprosce fcsmceuyo y so monhrb oa roefcmcoeth vhaumtrcgh.

Yobmhs oa ghmphrtbmcoeth oe ue fcbdrbmb fo prosce oetbapb

Icd :.:. Oiogth fo rogbaoetbmcoeth oe oa prhgosh fo ghmprosce.

Gubefh `by ue rogbaoetbmcoeth, jbnh ueb mcsmb prosce, b ab sbacfb foa ovbphrbfhr `bgo quo puethso fospabzb b ab forog`b foa ab drbicgb. Oe osto pueth oa vbphr roircdorbeto oetrb b ueb mbyhrtomporbturb y ghe ue mbyhr vhaumoe ospogcicgh, ah quo so trbfugo oe ueb moehr foescfbf foamcsmh. Ostb ghefcgce biogtb oa roefcmcoeth vhaumtrcgh foa ghmproshr `bgcefhah fogbor.

\hr htrh abfh ab sbacfb foa ghmproshr, tbmjce so ghrro `bgcb ab forog`b b mbyhr tomporbturb quo scsbacorb oe ue prhgosh sce rogbaoetbmcoeth; mcoetbs mbs so baono, `bgcb ab forog`b, cmpacgb ueb mbyhrtomporbturb fo fosgbrdb foa ghmproshr , ghe oa bdrbvbeto quo puofb quombr oa bgocto.

Oa htrh ceghevoecoeto quo so prosoeto os quo so rofugo ab gbpbgcfbf fo ghefoesbgce foaghefoesbfhr, puos pbrto foa mcsmh so fofcgbr b oacmcebr ba bath gbahr soescjao ghe quo oetrb oa


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vbphr roircdorbeto biogtbefh oa sujoeircbmcoeth b ab sbacfb foa ghefoesbfhr y phr oefo oa roefcmcoethfoa scstomb.

YOZ YCFOH> `ttp>//yhutu.jo/?iNYm\BtsI

Oicgcoegcb = [ trbjbnh cshoetrpcgh / Vrbjbnh Zoba ] * 2


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Icd :.7. Ghmproshros `ormtcghs

:.6.:. WOMC @OZMOVCGHW

Os cduba quo oa betorchr porh os bggoscjao,so puofo ropbrbr gbfb ueb fo sus pbrtos,oe htrbs pbabjrbs, so fcioroegcbe tbeth oamhthr ghmh oa ghmproshr oe sc mcsmh. Woompaobe pbrb mofcb y batb gbpbgcfbf foroircdorbgce. Wo oeguoetrbe fosfo ahs :@\ `bstb ahs 9< @\ y puofoe toeor fo uehb 0 pcstheos.

Bfoms fo pcstheos, tbmjce ahs `by fothrecaah, ghe h sce jhmjb fo bgocto. \hr ahdoeorba she ompaobfhs oe bpacgbgce foroircdorbgce y gacmbtczbgce fo mofcb bbatb gbpbgcfbf

Icd :.6. Ghmproshr somc`ormotcgh.

:.6.7. BJCOZVHW

Mhthr y ghmproshr vbe sopbrbfhs. Wheoqucphs fo muy batb gbpbgcfbf y posbfhs. Oagcdoba os mhvcfh phr ue mhthr oxtoreh. Woompaobe pbrb mofcb y drbefos phtoegcbs.

Osto tcph fo ghmproshros so aos fojo bghpabrue mhthr pbrb `bgorah mhvor, yb sob fo tcphoagtrcgh h fo ghmjustcjao. Ba mhmoeth fo subghpabmcoeth fojo toeorso jcoe prosoeto abbaceobgce fo ahs onos foa mhthr y foaghmproshr. Oa bggchebmcoeth oe ahsghmproshros foa tcph bjcorth puofo sor fcrogthh phr phaobs.

Icd :.?. Ghmproshr bjcorth.


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Fcrogth> Oe osto tcph fo bggchebmcoeth so sunotb oe oa ono foa mhthr y foa ghmproshr ue bghpabfhr gheahs gubaos uecmhs abs fhs mqucebs.

Oa bghpao `b fo sor iaoxcjao yb quo ehs pormcto gcorth drbfh fo fosvcbgce, (2-:mm, : fo cegacebgce)sc osto iuorb rdcfh ehs oxcdcrb mug`b oxbgtctuf.

Ab mbyhrb fo osto tcph fo ghmproshr she fo pcstheos ba ostcah mhthr fo vo`cguah, oetro susfosvoetbnbs oste>

Muy posbfhs.

Ghsth roabtcvbmoeto bath.

Zoqucoro mbetoecmcoeth gucfbfhsh fo sus matcpaos soaahs.

Zoqucoro juoeb baceobgce fo su gcdoba ghe oa foa prcmhthr.

Zoqucoroe scstombs mbs ghmpaonhs fo aujrcgbgce.

\haobs> Osto tcph fo bggchebmcoeth pormcto bfbptbr ab voahgcfbf foa mhthr b ab foa ghmproshr.

YOZ YCFOH> `ttp>//yhutu.jo/d2


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Icd :.0. \rhgosh fo ghmprosce fo dbs roircdorbeto

B. Ba jbnbr oa pcste grobmhs ueb foprosce oe oa cetorchr foa gcacefrh rospogth ab aeob fobspcrbgce, oethegos so bjro ab vavuab fo bspcrbgce y vb oetrbefh oa dbs oe ab gmbrb.J. Ba sujcr oa pcste ghmprcmcmhs oa dbs y bjro ab vavuab fo fosgbrdb.

Eh so bjroe abs vavuabs `bstb quo eh so voego ab prosce foa oxtorchr, ba suporbr ab prosce fobfmcsce h fo fosgbrdb. Oa ospbgch eogosbrch oetro oa pcste y oa pabth fo vavuabs so aabmb gabrh,

osto ospbgch roporguto eodbtcvbmoeto ba roefcmcoeth foa ghmproshr fo mbeorb quo sc toeomhsmoehs gabrh mbyhr roefcmcoeth.

Oe osto gabrh scompro so ehs quofb ab prosce fo batb, fo mbeorb quo oa pcste `b fo `bgor msroghrrcfh oe oa mhmoeth fo ab bfmcsce. Ghe ue ghmproshr fo cduba phtoegcb puofo fbr ms h moehsroefcmcoeth sode ostb gbrbgtorstcgb.

Ba oetrbr ahs dbsos oe oa ghmproshr, oa gcacefrh ost oxtrombfbmoeto gbacoeto, oa dbs bumoetb suvhaumoe y phr ah tbeth oetrb moehs dbs y fcsmceucmhs su gbpbgcfbf, b pbrto phfrbmhs gbrjheczbr oabgocto fbbefh bs oa pabth fo vavuabs. Abs vavuabs aaovbe ue sodurh quo pormcto sbatbrabs oe gbshfo quo ehs aaoduo aqucfh.


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2 \brb ghmproshros batorebtcvhs abs Z\Mshe fo 79


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:.?.2.6. ZOABGCE FO GHM\ZOWCE>

Os ab fcioroegcb oetro ab prosce fo jbnb y ab fo batb, gubefh mbyhr sob ostb roabgce moehr

roefcmcoeth vhaumtrcgh tcoeo oa ghmproshr y vcgovorsb, osth fojcfh b quo b moehr prosce fosuggce, mbyhr tomporbturb y phr oefo mbyhr vhaumoe ospogcicgh. Ostb roabgce fojo sor moehr quo2< pbrb bsodurbr quo ab cestbabgce eh quombr bgocto fojcfh b abs batscmbs tomporbturbs fofosgbrdb.

ZOABGCHE GHM\ZOWCHE = ( \BB / \JB )= ( \FB / \WB )

\BB = \ZOWCHE BAVB BJWHA_VB

\JB = \ZOWCHE JBNB BJWHA_VB

\FB = \ZOWCHE FOWGBZDB BJWHA_VB

\WB = \ZOWCHE W_GGCHE BJWHA_VB

Gubefh so usbe vbrchs ghmproshros pbrb scstombs muatcotbpbs, ab proscheos cetormofcbs vcoeoefbfbs phr ab oxprosce>

( \C/ \N) = ( \GHEFOEWBFHZ/ \OYB\HZBFHZ)2/E

, fhefo E os oa eumorh fo otbpbs fo ghmprosce

\brb ue scstomb fo fhs otbpbs fo ghmprosce so tcoeo quo>

( \GHEFOEWBFHZ/ \CEVOZMOFCB) = ( \CEVOZMOFCB/ \OYB\HZBFHZ)

\CEVOZMOFCB= ( \GHEFOEWBFHZ * \OYB\HZBFHZ)2/:

Oetro abs voetbnbs mbs ehthrcbs fo osto tcph fo ghmproshros so tcoeoe>

Jbnh ghsth.

Vrbjbnh ghe fcioroetos tcphs fo roircdorbetos.

Furbjcacfbf.

Fcsoh scmpao.

Bmpacb dbmb fo gbpbgcfbfos.

:.?.:. GHM\ZOWHZOW ZHVBVCYH>

Os ue ghmproshr fo tcph `ormtcgh, ihrmbfh phr ueb oxgetrcgb quo vb rhfbefh foetrh fo uebgbvcfbf fo mbeorb quo vb bspcrbefh y ghmprcmcoefh dbs b ab voz.

ZOABGCHE

GHM\ZOWCHE

O#CGCOEGCB YHA_MOVZCGB


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Icd :.

Vcoeo ab mcsmb bpbrcoegcb quo ue ghmproshr `ormtcgh batorebtcvh porh b fcioroegcb fo osto oarhtbtcvh os ms poquoh y moehs rucfhsh, htrb fcioroegcb os quo ab prosce fo batb so fosgbrdbfoetrh fo ab gbrgbsb phr ah tbeth ost muy gbacoeto. Vcoeoe ms roefcmcoeth quo ahs batorebtcvhs bagbrogor fo tbetbs pbrtos mvcaos. Wo usbe gbsc oxgauscvbmoeto oe bcro bghefcgchebfh y os eogosbrchquo aaovoe ueb jhtoaab fo bspcrbgce. Ab jhtoaab fo bspcrbgce tcoeo cetorebmoeto ueb ospogco fombaab, guyb iuegce os ab fo rofugcr abs batbs proscheos fo suggce quo ao aaodbe ba ghmproshr.

Icd :.

Oe ahs ghmproshros fo pbaotb y rhfcaah, ab ghmprosce so prhfugo phr ab rofuggce fo vhaumoe oetroab gbrgbzb y oa oaomoeth rhtbtcvh, guyh ono eh ghcegcfo ghe oa ono fo ab gbrgbzb. Oe osths ghmproshroseh she eogosbrcbs vavuabs fo bfmcsce, yb quo ab puasbgce fo dbs os mecmb. Oe ahs mhthrosrhtbtcvhs os muy cmphrtbeto oa soetcfh fo dcrh, puosth quo sc abs pbaotbs dcrbe oe soetcfh ghetrbrch, oaghmproshr eh ghmprcmo y oa scstomb fo oxgetrcgb prhfugcrb ue bdbrrhtbmcoeth fo ab gmbrb foghmprosce, oa mcsmh gucfbfh `by quo toeor ghe oa ghmproshr sgrhaa.


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Icd :. \rhgosh fo ghmprosce oe ue ghmproshr rhtbtcvh.

YOZ YCFOH> `ttp>//yhutu.jo/?N:kKn67I-s

:.?.7. GHM\ZOWHZ WGZHAA>

Ost ihrmbfh phr fhs ospcrbaos, ueb icnb y htrb mvca fo mbeorb quo ab mvca so vb gorrbefh shjro abicnb.Ab ospcrba mvca vb bspcrbefh oa dbs y ah vb gorrbefh ghetrb ab htrb ospcrba y ah vb ghmprcmcoefh.

Cduba quo oa rhtbtcvh oa sgrhaa vb ghmprcmcoefh y bspcrbefh ghetceubmoeto. Bfmcto dhapos fo aqucfh,tcoeo jbnh ecvoa shehrh y fo vcjrbgcheos, eh brrbstrb gbsc bgocto, tcoeo jbnh pbr fo brrbequo y so utcaczbdoeorbamoeto oe bcro bghefcgchebfh. Osths ghmproshros tcoeoe mbyhr oicgcoegcb vhaumtrcgb quo ahsbatorebtcvhs. \uofoe voecr fo : @\ b 2? @\ pbrb bpacgbgcheos fo jbnb, mofcb y batb tomporbturb.

Icd :. Ghmproshr Wgrhaa. Ghrtoscb Ghpaoabef


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Icd :. \rhgosh fo ghmprosch fo dbs oe ue ghmproshr sgrhaa.

:.?.6. GHM\ZOWHZOW FO VHZECAAH>

Ostb ihrmbfhs phr fhs threcaahs quo vbe bspcrbefh y ghmprcmcoefh dbs b ab voz. fo mbeorb quo oaospbgch oetro ahs fhs threcaahs so vb rofugcoefh y ghmprcmcoefh oa dbs.

Osto tcph fo ghmproshros so utcaczb bpbrtcr fo ahs 7


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Icd :. . Ghmproshr fo threcaah. Ghrtoscb Jctzor

Oa bgocto so ceyogtb phr ahs rhfbmcoeths, proesb y htrbs pbrtos mvcaos. Oa bgocto so gbmjcb gbfb7


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Icd :.. Ghmproshr goetriudh.

:.9. A_JZCGBGCE GHM\ZOWHZOW

Oa bgocto fo ahs ghmproshros aujrcgb abs pbrtos mvcaos y gcorrb oa ospbgch oetro oa gcacefrh y oa pcste.Oa ghmproshr jhmjob oa bgocto phr thfb ab cestbabgce, osto gcrguab phr ab pbrto jbnb fo ab tujorb y osrothrebfh htrb voz ba ghmproshr. Oa bgocto sah os tca oe oa ghmproshr, iuorb fo osto os mspornufcgcba quo joeoicgchsh. Wo ompaobe tros scstombs fo aujrcgbgce; oa jbrjhtoh, goetriudhs y phr

jhmjb fo bgocto.

:.9.2. JBZJHVOH H WBA\CGBF_ZB

@bstb 6 ? GY so ompaob oa scstomb phr jbrjhtoh, oa guba iuegcheb fo ab scducoeto mbeorb>

Foetrh foa ecvoa fo bgocto quo oxcsto oe oa ghmproshr so cetrhfugo ueb fo abs pbrtos mvcaos foaghmproshr, ghmh puofo sor ueb gbzhaotb fo ab jcoab, ue ono foa gcdoba `uogh, otg. Ostb pbrto mvcasbapcgb h ghefugo oa bgocto `bgcb htrbs pbrtos foa ghmproshr.

Icd :.. Aujrcgbgche ghe sbapcgbfurb.


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:.9.:. GOEVZCI_H

Ghescsto oe ue gcacefrh bghpabfh ba ono foa mhthr foa ghmproshr somcsumordcfh oe oa bgocto

fophsctbfh oe oa gbrtor foa mcsmh; ba ostbr oe iuegchebmcoeth, oa bgocto so bf`coro ba gcacefrh oa gubafospus ospbrgo oa bgocto phr bggce goetriudb.

:.9.7. JHMJB FO BGOCVO

B pbrtcr fo ? GY h ? @\, os eogosbrch ueb jhmjb fo bgocto quo ceyogto osto b ueb prosce ghestbeto.\brb oaah so utcaczb ueb jhmjb ihrmbfb phr fhs pcheos quo os bggchebfb phr oa mcsmh ono foagcdoba. Ab jhmjb bspcrb oa bgocto foa grtor foa ghmproshr, y ah ghefugo b gcortb prosce phr ueghefugth b thfbs abs pbrtos mvcaos (gcdoba, pcstheos, jcoabs) abs gubaos tcoeoe ue hrcicgch phr fhefosbao oa bgocto. Vhfhs ahs ghmproshros ghe jhmjb fo bgocto `be fo aaovbr ue proshstbth fcioroegcba fobgocto.

Icd :. . Ghmproshr ghe jhmjb fo bgocto. Ghrtoscb Jctzor

Ab prosce fcioroegcba fo trbjbnh ( \rosce sbacfb jhmjb fo bgocto \rosce fo suggce ) pormcscjaopbrb ghmproshros vb fo :< b 9< \sc.

EHVB> Yorcicquo ab tomporbturb foa grtor foa ghmproshr, so roghmcoefb quo ostb tomporbturb ostooetro ahs 6


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:.0. \Z_OJB FO OWVBER_OCFBF FO GHM\ZOWHZOW

Ab pruojb fo ostbequocfbf ghescsto oe vor guba os ab mxcmb prosce fo fosgbrdb quo puofo hirogor

ue ghmproshr y su shstoecmcoeth. Oa prhgofcmcoeth b soducr pbrb `bgor ostb pruojb os>

Cestbao ue gheogthr rhsgbfh oe ab tujorb fo fosgbrdb foa ghmproshr. \uofo sor ueb jhqucaabfo sorvcgch sce dusbecaah.

Cestbao oe fcg`h gheogthr ab mbeduorb fo batb foa nuodh fo mbemotrhs.

Oegcoefb oa ghmproshr y vcdcao ab prosce mbrgbfb oe oa mbemotrh.

Wc ab prosce mbrgbfb betos fo bpbdbrso oa ghmproshr os suporchr fo ahs 6


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:Gubefh ab tomporbturb fo ovbphrbgce foa roircdorbeto ostb oetro -?G y ahs 2?G . Wo ompaobedoeorbamoeto oe jhtoaaorhs y bghefcgchebfhros fo bcro.

GJ\ ( GHMOZGCBA JBGK \ZOWW_ZO ) ( \ZOWCHE GHMOZGCBA FO OYB\HZBGCHE, W_GGCHEH ZOVHZEH ) > Gubefh ab tomporbturb fo ovbphrbgce foa roircdorbeto ostb oetro -: @cd` Wtbrtced Vhrquo. Bath thrquo fo brrbequo. Gubefh oa scstomb phsoo ueb vavuab fooxpbesce tormhsttcgb ghmh vavuab fo oxpbesce.

:.2:. FBVHW OW\OGCBAOW FO \ABGBW OE GHM\ZOWHZOW

Ab pabgb fo ahs ghmproshros prosoetb mug`b ceihrmbgce roabgchebfb ghe oa ghmphrtbmcoeth fo ahsmcsmhs quo puofo sorvcr b ab `hrb fo cestbabrahs y `bgor oa prhgofcmcoeth fo gbrdb; buequo eh thfbsabs mbrgbs ahs usbe, os roghmoefbjao ghehgorahs.

P \@> P eumorh fo ibsos oaogtrcgb b gheogtbr oe oa ghmproshr.

AZB h Cf> ( Ahgkof Zhthr Bmporo ) ( Bmporbno fo rhtrh jahquobfh ), Whjroghrrcoeto. Wo puofocetorprotbr ghmh ab ghrrcoeto fo brrbequo foa scstomb h Cf. Osto vbahr os muy tca b ab `hrb fo gbaguabroa oaomoeth fo prhtoggce fo aeob ghmh iuscjaos h jrobkors.

ZAB h Ce> ( Zbtof Ahbf Bmporo ) ( bmporbno ehmceba b paoeb gbrdb ) Ghrrcoeto fo mbrg`b h trbjbnh hCe. Os ue vbahr ompaobefh ghmh roioroegcb pbrb oa gaguah fo ahs babmjros h gbjaos quo bacmoetbe baghmproshr y tbmjce pbrb oa gaguah foa oaomoeth fo prhtoggce fo aeob.

IAB h Cm> ( Iuaa Ahbf Bmporo ). Ghrrcoeto b mxcmb gbrdb h ghrrcoeto fo shjrogbrdb h Cm. Ghe ostovbahr so bnustb oa fcba foa roao trmcgh.

YOZ YCFOH> `ttp>//yhutu.jo/a_`bhmnarS0

:.27. WOAOGGCE GHM\ZOWHZ.

\brb soaoggchebr ue ghmproshr fojo toeor oe guoetb ahs scducoetos bspogths>

Yhatbno y iroguoegcb fo ab rof oagtrcgb.

Vcph fo bpacgbgce, AJ\, MJ\ h @J\.

Oa tcph fo roircdorbeto b ompaobr.

Vomporbturb mecmb fo trbjbnh h fo ovbphrbgce.


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:2

Gbpbgcfbf ircdhricgb roquorcfb oe @\, TBVV. Zoguorfo quo ab gbpbgcfbf ircdhricgb fo ueghmproshr vbrcb fopoefcoefh fo ab tomporbturb foa dbs oe ab suggce, b moehr tomporbturb, moehrroefcmcoeth.

Vcph fo oaomoeth fo ghetrha fo iaunh h fo oxpbesce ( gbpcabr h vavuab fo oxpbesce ). Fobguorfh b osto pbrmotrh ahs ghmproshros puofoe sor fo tcph AWV h @WV.

Vcph fo oeircbmcoeth foa ghmproshr. \uofo sor ihrzbfh h ebturba.

Gcacefrbfb foa ghmproshr.

Iaunh mscgh roquorcfh phr oa scstomb.

Gbufba fo roircdorbeto quo os gbpbz fo mhvor oa ghmproshr.

:.27.2. MOVHFH VOG_MWO@

Oe ab sorco fo ghmproshros Vogumso`, tcoeoe ueb rodab bprhxcmbfb pbrb oa gbaguah fo ab phtoegcbircdhricgb oe @\ fo ue ghmproshr, quo os ab scducoeto>

\ZOWCHE FOOYB\HZBGCHE \HVOEGCB GHMOZGCBA OE@\ \HVOEGCB OE @\

@J\ - MJ\ \ = VZ * 2 \ = ( \HVOEGCB OE JV_/@Z )/2:


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::

Os ab soaoggce mbs soegcaab y progcsb, pbro oaah shah so roqucoro sbjor ab phtoegcb ircdhricgb foaovbphrbfhr yb sob oe Tbtts, Kwbtts h JV_/@Z. Oethegos ab phtoegcb ircdhricgb foa ghmproshr jbnhabs mcsmbs ghefcgcheos os cduba h acdorbmoeto suporchr b ab foa ovbphrbfhr. \hfomhs fogcr ghmhmofcfb fo progbugce quo ab gbpbgcfbf ircdhricgb foa ghmproshr os suporchr oe ue 0% b ab foaovbphrbfhr>

\htoegcb ircdhricgb ghmproshr = 2,

Oa iaunh mscgh foa scstomb, guyh ghmproshr fojo so gbpbz fo mhvor.

Oa gbufba fo roircdorbeto quo muovo oa ghmproshr.

Ab phtoegcb fo ghesumh oagtrcgh foa mhthr foa ghmproshr.

YOZ YCFOH> `ttp>//yhutu.jo/nO2hE `ttp>//yhutu.jo/Y^SX6Sce`7w

Osto gbaguah so `bgo fo ab scducoeto ihrmb>

Oe prcmor audbr so pbrto fo ue gcgah oe ue fcbdrbmb \`, ghe ahs vbahros fo oetbapb oe gbfb ueh fo

ahs pueths foa mcsmh>


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:7


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:?

YOZ YCFOH> `ttp>//yhutu.jo/Y^SX6Sce`7w

:.26. ZOEFCMCOEVH FO GHM\ZOWHZOW\brb fotormcebr oa roefcmcoeth fo ue ghmproshr, toedb oe guoetb ahs scducoetos ghegopths>

.2. Fospabzbmcoeth h Gcacefrbfb

Os ueb mofcfb fo ab gbpbgcfbf h vhaumoe fo roircdorbeto quo ue ghmproshr puofo fospabzbr hmhvor, phr ah doeorba sus uecfbfos she foe GG h It

7.

.:. Iaunh Yhaumotrcgh

Vcoeo quo vor ghe oa vhaumoe fo roircdorbeto quo oa ghmproshr jhmjob h gcrguab oe oa tcomph. Wus

uecfbfos ghmueos she> MVW

7

/sod h MVW

7

/@r.

.7. Gbjbaahs fo Iuorzb ( @\ ),Gbjbaabfb h \htoegcb ghmorgcba.

Os ab mofcfb fo ghesumh fo phtoegcb prhmofch foa mhthr oagtrcgh quo cmpuasb oa ghmproshr oe @\,Tbtts h Kwbtts

.6. Mbrgh Hporbtcvh.

Os oa rbedh fo tomporbturb fo ovbphrbgce pbrb oa guba oa ghmproshr iuo fcsobfh pbrb iuegchebr (MJ\, @J\, AJ\, GJ\ ).


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:9

.?. \htoegcb Ircdhricgb h Gbpbgcfbf fo oeircbmcoeth foa ghmproshr.

Baduehs ah aabmbe ghmh ab gbpbgcfbf fo rotcrh fo gbahr fo ue ghmproshr oe JV_/@r, Kgba/@r h Tbtts.

Ostb gbpbgcfbf fojo sor mbyhr b ab gbpbgcfbf foa ovbphrbfhr.

.9. GH\, GHF h oicgcoegcb foa ghmproshr.

Wo foiceo ghmh ab roabgce oetro ab gbpbgcfbf ircdhricgb foa ghmproshr oe JV_/@r, Kgba/@r h Tbtt y abphtoegcb bjshrjcfb phr oa ghmproshr oe Tbtchs. Wo puofo cetorprotbr ghmh ab phtoegcb ghesumcfb oewbtchs phr uecfbf fo gbahr oxtrbcfb oe JV_/@r, Kgba/@r h Tbtt.

.4. Gbufbfa h Iaunh Mbscgh.

Os ab gbetcfbf fo mbsb fo roircdorbeto quo oa ghmproshr fospabzb oe oa tcomph. Wo fb oe Ajm/@r hoe Kdm/@r.

\brb `bgor pruojbs b ahs ghmproshros, oxcstoe vbrcbs ehrmbtczbgcheos ghe abs gubaos she prhjbfhs yostbefbrczbfhs, oetro abs ehrmbs ms ghmueos pbrb pruojb fo ghmproshros oste>

EHZMB \BZBMOVZH AJ\ MJ\ @J\

BZC ?:< - 3 `ttp>//yhutu.jo/3fpC6C3^djS

:.2?. GB_WBW FO IBAABW MOGBECGBW OE GHM\ZOWHZOW

Ahs ghmproshros ibaabs phr ah doeorba phr>

Zothreh fo roircdorbeto acqucfh h ceuefbgce> Osto roircdorbeto fcauyo oa bgocto foa ghmproshrhgbschebefh fosdbsto mogecgh. Osto rothreh puofo sor gbusbfh phr gbrdbs jbnbs oe oa ovbphrbfhr,shjrogbrdb fo roircdorbeto, mba bnusto fo ab vavuab fo oxpbesce, jbnb trbesioroegcb fo gbahr oe oaovbphrbfhr, otg. Osto roircdorbeto quo rothreb os ostbfh aqucfh os gbpbz fo fospabzbr oa bgocto hromhvor ab poaguab fo aujrcgbgce. Gubefh so bebaczbe ostbs pcozbs, so oeguoetrbe fosdbstbfbs porh

acmpcbs ghmh sc `ujcosoe scfh acnbfbs, sc rbstrhs fo bgocto y gbrjhegcaah.

Dhapo fo aqucfh h Btbsgbmcoeth> Hgurro gubefh aaodb tbeth roircdorbeto acqucfh ba ghmproshr,quo os mcsmh os suggchebfh y trbtbfh fo ghmprcmcr oe oa gcacefrh, ghmh oa acqucfh eh os ghmprcmcjao,oethegos hgurro ab rhturb fo pcozbs ghmh jcoabs, gcdobaos y abs vavuabs bfmcsce y osgbpo. Voedbprosoeto quo oa dhapo fo acqucfh eh os ecgbmoeto phr oa roircdorbeto, tbmjce puofo sugofor phroxgosh fo bgocto.

Brrbequos ceuefbfhs> Furbeto oa porchfh fo bpbdbfh foa ghmproshr, oa roircdorbeto aaodb bagrtor foa ghmproshr ostbefh oe ghetbgth oa ueh ghe oa htrh; oe osto abrdh porchfh, oa roircdorbetoghmcoezb b ghefoesbrso oe oa bgocto y ah fcauyo oa roircdorbeto, phr fcioroegcb fo foescfbf, so vb baihefh foa gbrtor y oa bgocto purh b ab pbrto suporchr fo ostb mozgab.Gubefh oa ghmproshr brrbegb, fcsmceuyo rpcfbmoeto ab prosce oe oa grtor, hrcdcebefh ueb robggce

ghmh ospogco fo eujo jabegb h ecojab ghestctucfb phr acqucfh roircdorbeto y dhtbs fo bgocto, sohgbsce oa fbh gubefh ostb ospumb fo roircdorbeto oetrb oe abs pbrtos motacgbs oe ghetbgth oetros. Vbmjce os muy phscjao quo ba mhmoeth foa brrbequo, ab jhmjb fo bgocto suggcheo batbsgbetcfbfos fo acqucfh roircdorbeto y osto mcsmh fcsuoavo oa bgocto fo abs pbrtos motacgbs.

\brb ovctbr osto prhjaomb, mbetoedb hporbefh ahs gbaoetbfhros foa grtor, ovctbr ab gbrdb oxgoscvb foroircdorbeto, toeor ue scstomb fo ovbgubgce, bambgoebr oa roircdorbeto oe oa rogcjcfhr fo acqucfh oegbsh fo tcomphs prhahedbfhs fo bpbdbfhs.

Ostb ibaab so fotogtb phrquo oa fosdbsto so prosoetb oe abs jbegbfbs fo ab jcoab ms gorgbeb b abjhmjb fo bgocto, oa rosth fo abs jbegbfbs prosoetbe ue fbh moehr b mofcfb quo so baonb fo abjhmjb phrquo ab gbetcfbf fo roircdorbeto fcaucfh quo aos aaodb os moehr.


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7 Oa ghmproshr doeorb tbeth gbahr quo fodrbfb ba bgoctoy oa roircdorbeto, guyb fosghmphscgce doeorbe gbrjhegcaah y gcfhs. Doeorbamoeto, osto gbrjhegcaahso bgumuab oe abs aoeduotbs fo fosgbrdb foa ghmproshr y oe oa abfh fo fosgbrdb foa pabth fo

vavuabs. Osto prhjaomb os gbusbfh, phr ueb mbab soaoggce foa roircdorbeto, oaovbfbs roabgcheos foghmprosce, oaovbfbs tomporbturbs fo rothreh, y oeircbmcoeth cebfogubfh foa ghmproshr.

Ostb ibaab so roghehgo phr oa fosdbsto prosoetbfh phr oa pcste, gbrjhegcaah oe abs vavuabs fobfmcsce y osgbpo. Oe gcorths gbshs oa gbrjhegcaah so bgumuab tbeth oe abs aoeduotbs fo suggce quocmpcfoe su soaah, grobefh ue bumoeth oe ab prosce fo suggce foa ghmproshr, phr rothreh foroircdorbeto oe oa prhgosh fo ghmprosce. Oa ghahr foa pcste , phr ah doeorba, gbmjcb b ue ghahr hsgurhfojcfh b abs batbs tomporbturbs.

Ibaab fo aujrcgbgce> Ab prfcfb fo bgocto hgurrb gubefh oa mcsmh rothreb h eh rothreb bagrtor tbe rpcfh ghmh sbao y oe suicgcoetos gbetcfbfos. Oa prfcfb puofo hgbschebr ueb ibatb foaujrcgbgce, porh ab ibatb fo aujrcgbgce pufo toeor htrbs gbusbs. Fojcfh b ab ibatb fo aujrcgbeto, abspcozbs ghmcoezbe b rhzbr oetro sc, gbusbefh rogbaoetbmcoeth y fosdbstos shjro thfh oe ahs bdunorhsfo abs jcoabs. Fojcfh b osth, abs jcoabs pbsbe fo toeor ue ghahr motacgh b ue ghahr hsgurh.

:.29. GHMH MBEVOEOZ H CEGZOMOEVBZ AB OICGCOEGCB FO AHWGHM\ZOWHZOW

Mbetoeor jbnbs abs proscheos fo fosgbrdb y phr oefo ab tomporbturb fo ghefoesbgce.

Mbetoeor batbs abs proscheos fo suggce y phr oefo ab tomporbturb fo ovbphrbgce.

Cegromoetbr oa sujoeircbmcoeth foa scstomb.

Mbetoeor ahs rogbaoetbmcoeths foa scstomb oe sus vbahros mbs jbnhs.

Mbetoeor roircdorbfhs ahs ghmproshros.

:.24. ZOYCWCHE FO _E GHM\ZOWHZ.

Wc ustof shspog`b fo bade ceghevoecoeto oe oa ghmproshr, prhgofb fo ab scducoeto ihrmb>

Yorcicquo quo oa ghmproshr osto bpbdbfh y quo eh ah puofbe oegoefor bggcfoetbamoeto.

Yorcicquo sorcba y mbrgb fo ghmproshr.

Yorcicquo sus gbpbgcfbfos oagtrcgbs ghmh vhatbno fo hporbgce, ibsos, ZAB, IAB, AZB.

Yorcicquo sc os fo tcph @J\, MJ\, @J\ h GJ\.

Yorcicquo sc os fo tcph @WV h AWV.

Yorcicquo oa ecvoa fo bgocto oe oa ghmproshr.

Cfoetcicquo ahs pueths G, \ y W foa ghmproshr ( mhehiscghs ) y A2, A: y A7 ( trciscghs ).

Yorcicquo oa ostbfh fo sus gheoxcheos b ahs pueths , G, \ y W ( mhehiscghs ) y A2, A: y A7 (trciscghs ).

Mcfb ab roscstoegcb fo abs jhjcebs fo brrbequo y mbrg`b ( pbrb ghmproshros mhehiscghs ) hfo abs tros jhjcebs ( pbrb ghmproshros trciscghs ) y ghmproahs ghe ahs fbths sumcecstrbfhs phr oaibjrcgbeto.

Yorcicquo quo oa ghmproshr eh osto btorrczbfh.

Yorcicquo oa juoe ostbfh fo ahs ghmpheoetos fo su scstomb fo brrbequo.

Yorcicquo ab bacmoetbgce oagtrcgb foa ghmproshr. \brb ghmproshros trciscghs trbto fovorcicgbr ghe ue soguoegmotrh, ab soguoegcb fo abs ibsos h aeobs fo bacmoetbgce.

Yor vcfoh> `ttps>//yhutu.jo/F7oo_xE\gbM


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72

:.20. JBVOZCBW FO GHM\ZOWHZOW H ZBGKW

Wo ompaob ab hporbgce fo ghmproshros gheogtbfhs oe pbrbaoah gubefh sc ompaobefh ue shah

ghmproshr, so roqucoroe mbeonbr drbefos vhamoeos fo roircdorbetos h gubefh ab gbrdb foroircdorbgce os muy vbrcbjao. Oe osths scstombs os muy cmphrtbeto ab fcstrcjugce foa aujrcgbeto foihrmb quo ecedueh fo oaahs so quofo sce oa progcbfh bgocto ec htrh so ceuefo ghe oa progcbfh bgocto.


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7:

Icd :.. Ghmproshros oe pbrbaoah aeob batb prosce.

Icd :. Ghmproshros oe pbrbaoah aeob fo suggce.


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77

Gubefh so tcoeoe ostbs gheicdurbgcheos oe pbrbaoah fo ghmproshros toedb oe guoetb quo>

Ahs ghmproshros sobe fo abs mcsmbs gbrbgtorstcgbs tgecgbs oe ah roiorcfh b phtoegcb

ircdhricgb, tujhs fo gheoxce, vbrcbjaos oagtrcgbs, otg. \orh tbmjce so puofoe ompaobr ghmproshrosfo fcioroetos gbpbgcfbfos.

Ab phtoegcb ircdhricgb foa ghenueth fo ghmproshros, os ab sumb fo abs phtoegcbs ircdhricgbsfo thfhs ahs ghmproshros foa ghenueth.

Oa iaunh fo roircdorbeto os ab sumb fo ahs iaunhs fo thfhs ahs ghmproshros foa ghenueth.

Gbfb ghmproshr tcoeo b ab oetrbfb fo gbfb ghmproshr vavuabs shaoehcfos.

Wo suoao ujcgbr oe abs fosgbrdbs fo gbfb ghmproshr ueb vavuab uecfcroggcheba h g`oquopbrb ovctbr quo ab prosce fo ahs foms ghmproshros biogto su oegoefcfh.

Ah cfoba fo osto scstomb os quo ahs ghmproshros foa ghenueth trbjbnoe ba mcsmh tcomph. Wc oehporbgce so fosgheogtbe ueh h vbrchs ghmproshros foa scstomb, ab prosce fo suggce so cegromoetby phr oefo abs tomporbturbs fo ahs rogceths roircdorbfhs.

Yor vcfoh> `ttps>//yhutu.jo/0vChbja:yf

Ibatb fo bgocto yb sob phr phgh sumcecstrh h phr prhjaombs fo rothreh foa mcsmh.

\hr mozgab fo bgocto ghe oa roircdorbeto u htrhs ghetbmcebetos.

\hr hjstruggce foa icatrh fo bgocto.

\hr fbh fo ab jhmjb fo bgocto. Vomporbturbs muy jbnbs fo gbrtor.

\hr mozgab fo bgocto ghe oa roircdorbeto.

:.2!.:. ZOGBAOEVBMCOEVHW

Vcoeo ghmh ghesoguoegcbs>

Batbs tomporbturbs fo fosgbrdb.

Biogtbgce foa aujrcgbeto.

Zbybfhrbs oe ahs pcstheos foa ghmproshr.

Hjstruggce fo jhmjb fo bgocto phr pbrtguabs fo motba.

Osto rogbaoetbmcoeth so fojo b>

Eh soaoggchebr oa roircdorbeto bfogubfh.

Batbs roabgcheos fo ghmprosce.

Batbs tomporbturbs fo rothreh.

Mbab roircdorbgce foa ghmproshr.

Ovbphrbfhros fo jbnb gbpbgcfbf.

Vujorbs fo suggce sce bcsabmcoeth.

_e ghmproshr ghe prhjaombs fo rogbaoetbmcoeth, tcoeo>


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Bgocto fo ghahr hsgurh ghe gbrjhegcaah.

Jhjcebs ghe ghahr hsgurh y prosoegcb fo gbrjhegcaah.

\abth fo vavuabs ghe prosoegcb fo gbrjhegcaah.

:.2!.7. \ZHJAOMBW FO OWVBE"_COFBF

Ahs prhjaombs fo ostbequocfbf oe ghmproshros so fojoe b>

Fosdbsto fo abs vavuabs fo suggce y/h fosgbrdb foa ghmproshr.

Fosdbsto h rbybfurbs oe ahs gcacefrhs, becaahs y pcstheos foa ghmproshr.

Oetro sus ghesoguoegcbs oste>

\hgh oiogth fo oeircbmcoeth foa scstomb.

Zofuggce fo ab prosce fo fosgbrdb.

Bumoeth oe ab prosce fo suggce. Oe ghmproshros somc`ormtcghs, biogtb oa rothreh fo bgocto ba grtor foa mcsmh.

:.2!.6. BVBWGBMCOEVH

Hgurro gubefh oa acqucfh roircdorbeto aaodb `bstb ahs pcstheos y oe su prhgosh, rhmpo abs vavuabs fofosgbrdb foa mcsmh. Ostb oetrbfb fo acqucfh roircdorbeto so fojo b>

Brrbequos ceuefbfhs.

Oxgosh fo roircdorbeto oe oa scstomb.

Jbnhs rogbaoetbmcoeths foa scstomb.

Mba bnusto fo vavuabs.

Ovbphrbfhros hjstrucfhs. Yoetcabfhros fo ovbphrbfhr oe mba ostbfh.

:.2!.?. BZZBE"_OW CE_EFBFHW

Osto ioemoeh hgurro gubefh oa roircdorbeto prosoeto oe abs tujorbs fo suggce o cegaush foaovbphrbfhr, mcdrb oe ihrmb fo vbphr `bgcb oa ghmproshr fhefo so fcauyo ghe oa bgocto foa mcsmhghefoesefhso. Fojcfh b fcioroegcb fo foescfbfos, oa roircdorbeto ghefoesbfh vb `bgcb oa ihefh foagrtor y oa bgocto `bgcb brrcjb foa mcsmh.

Ba mhmoeth foa brrbequo foa ghmproshr y ghmh so fcsmceuyo frstcgbmoeto ab prosce oe oa gbrtor,pbrto foa roircdorbeto ghefoesbfh oe oa bgocto so ovbphrb oe oa mcsmh, grobefh ueb ecojab, y ab htrb

pbrto os soggchebfb y jhmjobfb `bgcb ahs pcstheos, gbsquotos otg.

Fojcfh b oaah, eh `by ab suicgcoeto aujrcgbgce oe ostbs pbrtos prhfugcoefh fosdbsto h osghrbgcheosfo ihrmb orrtcgb.

Osto ioemoeh hgurro gubefh>

Wo tcoeo oxgosh fo roircdorbeto oe oa scstomb.

Vomporbturbs foa gbrtor moehros b ab foa ovbphrbfhr.

\orchfhs abrdhs fo bpbdbfh foa ghmproshr.

capitulo ii. compresores.pdf

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