CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMMECHANISM

&&FORESTRYFORESTRY

OPPORTUNITIES FOR CAMBODIAN FORESTERS AND CONSERVATIONISTS

by Thanakvaro T. De Lopez

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT for theCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM for CAMBODIA (CD4CDM-CAM)

National Workshop on Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism

26-27 March 2003Phnom Penh, Cambodia

2

OUTLINE Part I – Climate Change and Forestry

Part II – International Examples of Carbon Sequestration Projects in the Forestry Sector

Part III – Opportunities for CDM Projects in the Cambodian Forestry Sector

PART ICLIMATE CHANGE AND

FORESTRY

4

Forests and Climate Change Some 25% of annual global

emissions of CO2 result from deforestation

Carbon Sequestration: The growth of vegetation and forests removes CO2 from the atmosphere.

5

Forests and CO2 Flows

PhotosynthesisCO2 Removal

CO2 Release

RespirationDecompositio

nCombustion

Atmospheric CO2

Carbon Stock

6

Forests and Climate Change Mitigation Forests are carbon sinks and

reservoirs

Conservation of existing forests

Increase of forest cover

Increase of carbon stored in forests

7

Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM General eligibility rule: conversion

of non-forest land to forest land

Definition of “Forest”: minimum land area of 0.05-1.0 ha; crown cover of at least 10-30%; trees with potential to reach minimum height of 2-5 meters.

8

Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM Real measurable emission reductions

certified by independent agency

Conformity with national sustainable development strategy

Contribution to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources

9

Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM Afforestation: conversion into

forest of non-forest land

Reforestation: planting of trees on degraded forest land or former forest land

10

Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM Afforestation: limited to land that

has not been a forest for at least 50 years

Reforestation: limited to land that has not been a forest since 31 December 1989

PART II

International Examples of Carbon Sequestration Projects in the Forestry

Sector

12

Infapro, Malaysia Location: 25,000 ha logged

dipterocarp forest in Eastern Sabah

Parties: (1) Face Foundation (Forests Absorbing Carbon dioxide Emissions); (2) Innoprise Corporation, Malaysian governmental forestry organisation

13

Infapro, Malaysia Activities: rainforest rehabilitation

with enrichment planting using 35 indigenous tree species

14

Infapro, Malaysia Investment: US $15 million

Duration : plantation over 25 years with 60 year growth cycle (started in 1992)

Sequestration: 15.6 million tons of CO2

Average cost: US$ 0.95 per ton of CO2

15

Plan Vivo, Mexico Location: Chiapas, Southern Mexico

Parties: (1) FIA, Formula One Foundation; (2) Ambio, cooperative of Foresters; (3) local community groups and small farmers associations

16

Plan Vivo Objectives

To sequester carbon with sustainable forestry

To Generate benefits for local livelihoods

17

Plan Vivo Activities: plantations, agroforestry, communal reforestation

Carbon Sequestered tC/ha

18

Plan Vivo, Mexico Investment: US $15 million

Sequestration: 5000 to 13000 tons of CO2 per year

Average price: US$ 3.6 per ton of CO2

PART IIIOpportunities for CDM

Projects in the Cambodian Forestry Sector

20

OPPORTUNITIES IN CAMBODIAN FORESTRY On-going tree planting

programmes: forest plantation, National Arbor Day and Community Forestry

Potential land for carbon sequestration: disturbed forest areas (estimated at some 1.5 million ha by MoE) and non-forest areas

21

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE Location: Heavily deforested south-central

provinces (e.g. Kompong Cham, Kandal)

Activities: community forestry and agroforestry;10,000 ha reforested

Sequestration: 1 million tons CO2 over 10 years

Revenues from CDM: US $3 million at US $3 per ton CO2

22

What needs to be done to take advantage of CDM opportunities Capacity building / human resources

development Research in Cambodian forest

ecosystems Set up procedures and guidelines for

CDM forestry projects Actively develop CDM projects Actively seek out CDM partners

CONCLUSIONS

24

CONCLUSIONS CDM may provide financing for

afforestation & reforestation activities in Camdodia

Large potential for CDM implementation in the Cambodian forestry sector

Stakeholders (government, NGOs, private companies) ought to actively pursue efforts to take advantage of CDM opportunities