cantonese 101-lesson 1 (3) - zoey473.com€¦ · 10/06/2021 · zoey473.com lesson 1 class...

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Lesson 1

Class Structure, Goals, ProjectsHistory, Grammar, Pronouns + Verbs

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Good Morning! 早晨 (zou2san4) [Joe-sun]

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Course Information

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Course Info 1

● Saturdays 9-10am, from June 5th for 8-weeks (skipping July 4th weekend)

SMART Goal: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-based

● Count from 1-35 only● Basic Conversation in Chinatown,

specifically at a Hong Kong tea-cafe○ Studying the menu

● (And much much much more!)

Our Goal is NOT:

● To be fluent, to know all the words, to speak 100% correctly

● To flirt, to curse

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Course Info 2 - Class Structure

Old-schooled Rules:

● 50% Attendance● 25% Homework● 25% Song Project: 學生哥 hok6saang1 go1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFzTbvRp45U ● Lots of Extra Credits with mini presentations:

○ e.g. 30-60 seconds self intro○ e.g. learn to sing another Cantonese song○ e.g. translate a [partial] song from English!

■ Eminem - Slim Shady ■ Kermit - rainbow connection? ■ Beyonce - who’s the single ladies?

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Course Info 3

Class Structure:

● 45 mins learning, 15 mins song ● 學生哥

A song about the being a student

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Course Info 4

What you should NOT expect of me:

● Know the tone numbers● Instant and detailed linguistic explanation

○ I am only human!

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Let’s get started, because...

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Stereotype

● Money錢 chin2

● Time is Money時間就是金錢si4gaan3 jau6 si6 gam1chin4

● Money is not all-powerful錢唔係萬能 chin2 m4hai6 maan6nang4

But/however, no money is just absolutely NOT doable 但係冇錢就萬萬不能 daan6hai6 mou5chin2 jau6 maan6maan6bat1nang4

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Things you’d hear me say during class

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English 中文 YaleHi everyone 大家好

daai6ga1 hou2everybody good

Next student 下一位同學ha6 yat1wai2 tung4hok6next one classmate

Wait a moment 等陣 dang2jan6

So... 咁gam2...when used with an adjective, the tone changes to gam3e.g. gam3hou2sik6 - so delicious [so good eat]

Is/Isn’t that right? 係咪呀？ hai6 m4 hai6 ah?

Because... 因為... yan1wai6

Therefore... 所以 so2yi5

Next time 下次 ha6

Bye-bye 拜拜 baai1baai3

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Cantonese History

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History of Cantonese

● Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Macau, SE China

● over 80 million native speakers internationally

● Being an international port for trades, the Cantonese language is heavily influenced by other languages

Reference● Wiki Cantonese: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese ● Wiki Cantonese Grammar: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese_grammar

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Cantonese Romanization System: Yale

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Reference● Cantonese Phonology - Tones: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese_phonology#Tones


Yale (insert phonic charts)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese#Comparison

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese_phonology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-switching_in_Hong_Kong

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Similarities b/t Cantonese and English

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English Sentence Structure

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How is Cantonese Easier?● Cantonese Tenses: Verb +Suffix ● No plural●


Similarities between Cantonese and English1. Homophones: (異名)同音(異義)Words that

sound the same, BUT spell differently e.g. 1. Cereal & Serial, 2. Break vs Brake; 3. 戴 [daai] to wear vs 帶 [daai] to bring

2. Homographs: 同名異義異音Words that spell the same, BUT have different pronunciations: e.g. 1. Tears: salty water from our eyes vs shredding; 麻雀: mahjong VS sparrow

3. Homonyms 同名同音異義: Words that spell the same, AND have the same pronunciatione.g. Park: national park vs park the car; 千萬: mustn’t vs 10,000,000

4. Synonym 同義詞: 哀求 VS 請求5. Antonym 反義詞 e.g. 好VS壞 17

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Greetings

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Good Morning! 早晨 (jou2san4) [Joe-sun]

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Mind your Ps and Qs

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唔該 m4 goi1 - Thank youUsed when someone helps you with something

Example:● 唔該哂! m4 goi1 saai3!

Thanks a lot (for helping)!

Other usage - "Please"● 唔該[你]戴口罩

m4 goi1 [ nei5 ] daai3 hau2zaau3Please [you] wear mask

請 cing2 - Please (formal)● 請[你]戴口罩

ching2 [ nei5 ] daai3 hau2zaau3

多謝 do1 ze6 - Thank youUsed when someone gives you something [gift]

Example:● 多謝晒! do1ze6 saai3!

Thanks a lot (for all the gifts)!

● Subject 我● Negation 唔● Verb 做● Adjective 高興● Noun｜Object 嘢

● Adverb 好● Conjunction 同● Time 以前

daai3 x 2!戴 vs 帶

To put on vs to bring


Words you already know!

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English Yale ChineseLemon (<~ Limon) 檸檬 Egg Custard Tart 蛋撻

Taxi dik1 si2

的士 motor 摩打

Bus 巴士 Sandwich 三明治

Toast 多士 Ketchup 茄汁

Boss 波士 Bye-bye baai1baai3 拜拜

Store 士多

Ball 波 Fail 肥佬


Please… 唔該+Sub+Verb+[Obj]

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眼耳口鼻

ngaan5 yi5 hau2 bei6

Eye, Ear, Mouth, Noise1. ngaan5

2. yi5

3. hau2 4. bei6

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Self Introduction

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Self Introduction 自我介紹

● 我係香港人，我亦都係美國人S+V+Object, S+Conj+V+ObjectI am a Hongkonger, I am also an American

● 我以前有教過廣東話，同電腦S+Time+Verb+Obj, Conj+ObjI, in the past, have taught Cantonese; and computer

● At work, 都有教TEAM MEMBERS同客人做嘢

● 我學過日本(有CERT)同德文S+V+Obj+Conj+ObjI have studied Japanese (with Certificate!) and German

● 我唔睇中文電視，但係我鍾意聽情歌同兒歌S+Neg+Verb+Obj, Conj+Sub+Verb+Obj+Conj+ObjI not-watch Chinese TV, but I like-listening-to Cantonese love songs and kids songs

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Self Introduction

A: Hello, I am [called] _________. Nice to meet you.

B: Hello, I am _________. Nice to meet you too.

A: 你好，我叫______。好高興認識你。

B: 你好，我係______。我都好高興認識你。

A: nei5 hou2, ngo5 giu3 _________. hou2 gou1 hing3 ying6 sik1 nei5.

B: nei5 hou2, ngo5 hai6 _________. ngo5 dou1 hou2 gou1 hing3 ying6 sik1 nei5.

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More Polite & FormalAllow me to ask請問

ching2man6


Pronouns

1a. Singular

● I - 我[ngo5]● You - 你[nei5]● He/ him / She/ her / It / it - 佢[keui5]

2a. Possessives Pronouns + 嘅[ge3]

● my - 我[ngo5] 嘅[ge3]

1b. Plural + 哋[dei6]

● We/ us -我[ngo5]哋[dei6]● All of you - 你[nei5]哋[dei6]● They/ them 佢[keui5]哋[dei6]

2b. Plural Possessive + 哋[dei6]|嘅[ge3]

● Our - 我[ngo5] + 哋[dei6] 嘅[ge3]

Reference● http://www.theartofhongkongesebyadummy.com/cantonese-pronouns-possessives-unit-classifiers 26

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Today's Goal

Self-Introduction 自我介紹

● --你叫咩名？我係/叫______。● --你係咩（國家嘅）人？我係___COUNTRY___人。

● --你職業係咩嘢？我係___OCCUPATION____。--● --你喺NYC住咗幾耐？我喺NYC住咗______年。

● --你識講咩（國家嘅）話？我識講_______話。

● Why do you want to learn Cantonese? ● --點解你想學廣東話？我想學廣東話係因為________。 ●

MUST LISTEN TO SONGS:

123 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnR1XSuK9RY

EXTRA SONGS:

Dim Sum Song - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KsvcvKSe-Z0

Bonus - for 15 minutes

Live Concert with simplified translation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjb6easZjOw

Studio Version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzk7QJtHxec

You will be provided with written notes along with Chinese characters and romanized Jyutping pronunciation.

REFERENCE

For more info:

[EN] Cantonese @ wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese

[ZH-HK] https://cantonpopblog.blogspot.com/2012/04/blog-post_1392.html#:~:text=%E9%A1%8C%E8%A7%A3%EF%BC%9A%E8%88%8A%E5%88%B6%E4%B8%80%E6%96%A4%E7%82%BA,%E6%96%A4%E4%B8%8D%E7%AD%89%E6%96%BC%E5%85%AB%E5%85%A9%EF%BC%81

Reference Book:

[ZH-HK] https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cantonese/Lesson_1

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Homework!

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Write a better self-introductionWrite about your dislikes!


Numbers

● 123 Songhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnR1XSuK9RY

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Color 顏色 ngaan4 sik1

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紅Color Color Yale + 色

Red 1. 紅 hung4

+ 色sik1

Orange 2. 橙 chaang2

Yellow 3. 黃 wong4

Green 4. 綠 luk6

Cyan 5. 青 cheng1

Blue 6. 藍 laam4

Purple 7. 紫 zi2

Black 黑 hak1

White 白 baak6

Brown 啡 fe1

More…Dark+ 深+ sam1+Light+ 淺+ cin2+Baby+ 粉+ fun2+


Applying to real life conversation

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What does your food taste like?

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Tastes Yale English Example Yale English

1. 甜🍯🍭 tim4 🍯 🍭 Sweet 甜酸醬 tim4syun1 jeung3Sweet & sour sauce

2. 酸🍋 syun1 🍋 Sour -酸葡萄🍇-檸檬好酸

-syun1 pou4tou4 🍇-ning4mung1 hou2syun1

Sour grapes

3. 苦🍫🫑 fu2 🍫 🫑 Bitter 苦笑 fu2siu3 Forced smile

4. 辣🌶 laat6 🌶 Spicy 辣椒油 laat6ziu1 yau4 Spicy oil

咸/鹹🧂 haam4 / haam4 🧂 Salty 咸蛋黃醬

haam4daan2 wong4jeung3

Cured egg yolk sauce/paste

Reference● 鹹、醎、咸 - https://beta.thestandnews.com/culture/%E9%B9%B9-%E9%86%8E-%E5%92%B8 ● 繁簡詞源 - https://beta.thestandnews.com/author/%E7%B9%81%E7%B0%A1%E8%A9%9E%E6%BA%90


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5 Elements Yale English Example Yale English1. 金 gam1 gold 錢 cin2 money2. 木 muk6 wood 森林 sam1lam4 forest3. 水 seui2 water 冰 bing1 ice4. 火 fo2 fire 炒 chaau2 fry5. 土 tou2 earth 地 dei6 Ground

火


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English 五臟 Yale Example Yale English

heart 1. 心 sam1 Sweetheart 心肝寶貝Sam1gon1bou2bui3

liver 2. 肝 gon1

spleen 3. 脾 pei4Temper

temperament 脾氣 pei4hei3

lung 4. 肺 fai3 pneumonia 肺炎 fai3yim4

kidney 5. 腎 san6

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Times Up

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Song

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Sam Hui - 學生哥https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFzTbvRp45U

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學生哥, 好溫功課咪淨係掛住踢波

hok6saang1 go1 , hou2wan1 gung1fo3 Mai6 zeng6-hai6 gwaa3zyu6 tek3bo1Students, better revise homework better-not only focusing-on kick-ball 最弊肥佬咗, 無陰功囉同學亦愛莫能助

zeoi3bai6 fei4 lou2 zo2 , mou4 jam1gung1 lo1 tung4hok6 yik6 oi3mok6nang4zo6Except-for-the-fact-that failed, no hidden merits classmates' just hands are tied / can only sympathize




Chinese/Cantonese is so hard!

Radical

- Extreme!- The mathematics symbol: √ (square root)- Radical in Chinese characters

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(Chinese_characters)

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Recommendations & Tech Support

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Recommended Books and Apps

● 廣普日韓英圖解生活辭典（香港篇）○ Sold only in Hong Kong? ~USD$35○ ISBN: 9789881573353○ Published on 2016-12-22○ Number of Pages: 357 ○ Publisher: SOW Publishing Ltd. ○ Weight: 650 (g)

● WikiBooks○ https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cantonese

● YouTube, by adjusting video speeds

Dictionary

● Pleco (Apple and Android)● Sheik

http://cantonese.sheik.co.uk/scripts/wordsearch.php

Learning

● Ling! (Apple and Android)● ///in the future, Duolingo?///

Input by text/voice

● Gboard - Google Keyboard● Apple Native Keyboard

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Adjusting the Playback speed on YouTube

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My Pleco Setting (I am a new & seasonal user)

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My Gboard Cantonese Input Settings

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3 Romanization Options: Yale, Jyutping, Cantonese PinyinI only use this once a while, and since the interface allows

“Fuzzy match” so it works for me just fine


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cantonese 101-lesson 1 (3) - zoey473.com€¦ · 10/06/2021 · zoey473.com lesson 1 class...

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