canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet earth !
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Canadians are the highestper-capita energy userson planet Earth !
![Page 3: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
•Hydrocarbons•Found in sedimentary rock•Remains of prehistoric animals, forestsand sea floor life (FOSSIL FUELS)
•Toxic to wildlife (spills)•Climate change•Air pollution and acid Rain
![Page 6: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
•Clay, sand, water and bitumen•Black oil rich in sulphur•Oil sands must be heated and treatedwith steam to separate bitumen•Energy intensive•Sulphur dioxide emissions•Huge waste disposal ponds•Habitat fragmentation•Greenhouse gas emissions
![Page 8: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Photos: Syncrude
![Page 9: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Illustration: Brooks Johnson,Ontario Clean Air Alliance
•Most CO2 andair pollution perunit energy•Sydney tar ponds- the most contaminated sitein Canada
* New technologymay present cleanercoal burning options(eg. improved boilerefficiency)
![Page 10: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
•Gaseous hydrocarbon mixture Primarily methane – CH4
Also C3H8 and C4H10
•Now 45% of Canada’s energy production•Much cleaner and more efficient
Problems: potent greenhouse gas,wildlife disruption, flaring & H2S
![Page 11: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Biomass•Wood, agricultural wastes, garbage
15% of world’s energy6% of Canada’s energyMainly in developing nations
•Less emission of greenhouse gases ifforest replacement exceeds removal•Biofuels for cars (ethanol - Brazil)Problems: land clearing and associated
problems
![Page 15: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hydro power•12% of Canada’s energy•No air pollution•Downstream irrigation regulationProblems: Displaced wildlife/people,flooded ecosystems,
![Page 17: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
15% of Canada’s electricity>50% of Ontario’s electricity
![Page 20: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
•No greenhouse gas emissions/airpollution (except mining)•Minimal land disturbance•High energy output with minimal environmental impact
Problems:•Storage of nuclear waste(DGD in Canadian shield proposed)•Expensive•Public trust / meltdown risk (older systems)
![Page 21: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Source: DOE, USA
![Page 24: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
•Photovoltaic cells convert sunlightdirectly to electricity•Energy of absorbed light transferred toa semiconductor (silicon)•Electrons knocked loose and flow freelyin a direction determined by the cell’s electric fields•The current (flow) of electrons is collectedby metal contacts at the two ends of thecell•Expensive? (consider environmental/healthbenefit)
![Page 25: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
•Near zero environmental impact•Potential exists to reverse currentlevel of impact from other sources•Each turbine powers at least 250Alberta homes!•It’s windy here!
![Page 28: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Photo: WIRED
![Page 29: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
•75% of the universe’s mass !•Fuel cells convert hydrogen toelectricity•Combustion engines can be fuelledby hydrogen (Ballard Power – Canadian company and leader in thisfield)•H + H + O converted to H2O – electricity is produced
![Page 30: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
2H2 => 4H+ + 4e
O2 + 4H+ + 4e- => 2H2O
NET REACTION: 2H2 + O2 => 2H2O
![Page 31: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1985 - Canada 1990 - Canada 1991 - Japan 1992 - Canada 1993 - Japan 1994 - Canada 1995 - Norway 1996 - Canada 1997 - Canada 1998 - Canada 1999 - Canada 2000 - Norway 2001 - Norway 2002 - Norway 2003 - Norway
2004 - Norway
![Page 33: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 35: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
2NO + O2 2NO2
NO2 + sunlight NO + OO + O2 O3
CH4 + OH CH3 + H2OCH3 + O2 CH3O2
CH3O2 + NO CH3O + NO2
CH3O + O2 H2CO + HO2
H2CO HCO + HHCO + O2 CO + HO2
H + O2 HO2
CO + OH H + CO2
H + O2 HO2Peroxy radicals can re-oxidizeNO to NO2
![Page 36: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
NO2
-decreased visibility-heart and lung problems -suppressed plantgrowth -decreased infection resistance -may encourage cancer spread
VOCs- eye irritation -respiratory irritation-some are natural (terpenes)-some are carcinogenic
O3
-bronchial constriction -respiratory irritation -eye irritation -decreased crop yields -retards plant growth -damages plastics, rubber -odour
NO2 + R peroxyacetyl nitrates
-high toxicity to plants -respiratory irritation -damaging to proteins-eye irritation
![Page 37: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
1. Walk, ride or use public transportation(buses are far more efficient than cars)
2. Choose a fuel-efficient car3. Consider car-pooling for long commutes4. Don’t idle. It’s no longer necessary5. Test your older car’s emissions system6. Don’t air condition unless necessary7. Lower the thermostat in the winter8. Use a pushmower. It’s easier anyway!
![Page 39: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
9. Are snowblowers and powerboats(for recreation) necessary?
10. Properly insulate your home11. Choose cleaner fuels12. Choose low-solvent cleaners and
paints13. Live near to the workplace.14. Choose local products whenever
possible
![Page 40: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Increases energy demand in summer Air-conditioning also releases CFCs!Heat related issues in summer (elderly death rate)Decreases energy demand in winter
![Page 42: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/essd01jul98_1.htm
Source: NASA
![Page 44: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
•Drinking water generally very good•Contamination of water courses,and groundwater in some areas•Contamination affects the shellfish and to some extent, the fishing industries•E coli (Walkerton) & Salmonella
![Page 45: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 49: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Canadians are the highest per-capita energy users on planet Earth !](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051417/56649db45503460f94aa451f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
CALGARY
1990Yellow
2000Yellow + Orange
Image: A. Schneider, NASA Earth Observatory