Canada 1860’s

Existing Colonies 1864

Involved in Initial Confederation Talks

• Canada West• Canada East• Newfoundland• Prince Edward Island• Nova Scotia• New Brunswick

Not Involved in Initial Confederation Talks

• Rupert’s Land• British Columbia• Stikeen Territory• North-West Territories

see map in text pg. 187

The Ethnic Make up of BNA

• British (English speaking, protestant, settlers)

• French (French speaking, roman catholic)

• Blacks (1850’s 40,000 Blacks lived in Upper Canada.)– Came as slaves into Quebec and into Nova Scotia as Loyalists on

their own, or as slaves to Loyalists after the war of 1812. – Slavery in BNA was abolished in 1973, and then close to 30,000

black people came to Canada from the United States through the “Underground Railway”.

• Chinese ( came as part of the Pacific Fur Trade and later in the 1850’s for the Gold Rush in British Columbia and NWT)• Some mined, others started restaurants, laundries, hotels and

later some moved into developing the West Coast Fishing Industry

• Ukrainians (1812 they were likely mercenary soldiers who cam e to fight the War of 1812, some came with Selkirk into the Red River area, some came as Mennonites in 1874 into Manitoba)

• Germans (came to Quebec as soldiers in the French army. They were found to be good farmers, Britain was willing to pay the way and one year of supplies to any German willing to move to BNA and become a British citizen.

– After the war of 1812 many Loyalists who came to BNA were German from Pennsylvania and New York.

– In 1867 there were 200,000 German-speaking people in Canada

Economic Relationships

• Railway

• Trade Ending with the United States (free trade)

• Trade Ending with Britain (free trade)

• Britain not wanting to support BNA financially (trade, war, supplies, more development…)

Federal Union Government

• A Federal Union is a political union in which the members have certain powers over their own affairs (Provincial Government), and certain powers are turned over to a central government (Federal Government).

• They agree to unite some power over their provinces for the good of the Dominion (country).