campbell - saddleback college · campbell biology reece •urry ... bacteria and archaea lecture...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CAMPBELL
BIOLOGYReece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
TENTH
EDITION
27Bacteria and
Archaea
Lecture Presentation by
Nicole Tunbridge and
Kathleen Fitzpatrick
![Page 2: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fig. 27-1
![Page 3: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Animalcules
![Page 4: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pasteur
• Asepetic technique –
heat treatment
• Fermentation
• Pasteurization
![Page 5: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Germ Theory of Disease
• Semmelweis childbirth fever
• Lister aseptic technique for
medicine
• Robert Koch anthrax• “pure” cultures
![Page 6: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Koch’s Postulates
• cause-and-effect relationship
between a bacteria (or any other
type of microorganism) and a
clinical disease
• 4 criteria
• Bacteria present in all animals &
isolated from
• Isolated bacteria grown in pure
culture
• Pure culture bacteria inoculated into
healthy host to reproduce
• Re-isolate the bacteria
• Limitations:
• Can’t be grown (leprosy & syphilis)
• No suitable model host
• Multiple causes
• Minor or chronic conditions
![Page 7: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Prokaryotes
• DNA not membrane
bound
• Lack membrane bound
organelles
• No histone proteins
• Peptidoglycan
• Widespread
• Size (0.5 – 5 µm)
• Bacteria or Archaea
![Page 8: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Reproduction
• Binary Fission
![Page 9: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fig. 27-2
(a) Spherical(cocci)
1 µm
(b) Rod-shaped(bacilli)
2 µm
(c) Spiral
5 µm
Diplo-
Staphylo-
Strepto-
Vibrio
![Page 10: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fig. 27-3
Cellwall
Peptidoglycanlayer
Plasma membrane
Protein
Gram-positive
bacteria
(a) Gram-positive: peptidoglycan trapscrystal violet.
Gram-negativebacteria
(b) Gram-negative: crystal violet is easily rinsed away,revealing red dye.
20 µm
Cellwall
Plasma membrane
Protein
Carbohydrate portionof lipopolysaccharide
Outermembrane
Peptidoglycanlayer
Cell Surface StructuresHans Christian Gram Gram Staining
LPS component•O polysacch antigens for ID (E. coli O157:H7)
•Lipid A endotoxin toxic (fever/shock)
antibiotics
![Page 11: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fig. 27-3c
Gram-positive
bacteria
Gram-negativebacteria
20 µm
![Page 12: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
AntibioticsAntibiotics target peptidoglycan layer
• Broad spectrum Gram + & - (ampicilin/tetracycline)
• Narrow spectrum specific families
• Both dose, duration & state of invading bacteria
![Page 13: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Antibiotics
• Bacteriostatic inhibits or delay growth & repro
• Bactericidal kills bacteria
![Page 14: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fig. 27-4
Capsule
200 nm
Glycocalyx capsule (attachment, prevents, dehydration, provides virulence)
Bacterialcell wall
![Page 15: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fig. 16-2
Living S cells
(control)
Living R cells
(control)Heat-killed
S cells (control)
Mixture of heat-killed S cells and living R cells
Mouse diesMouse dies Mouse healthy Mouse healthy
Living S cells
RESULTS
EXPERIMENT
F. Griffith
1920’s
Transformation
![Page 16: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fig. 27-9
Endospore
0.3 µm
Resting cells Metabolically inactive
survives extreme heat, lack of water,
exposure to many toxic chemicals & radiation
Bacillus & Clostridium
![Page 17: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fig. 27-5
Fimbriae
200 nm
![Page 18: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Figure 27.7
20 nmFilament
Hook
MotorCell wall
Plasmamembrane Rod
Peptidoglycanlayer
Flagellum
Chemotaxis (+/-)
Phototaxis (+/-)
![Page 19: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Fig. 27-7
(a) Aerobic prokaryote (b) Photosynthetic prokaryote
Thylakoidmembranes
Respiratorymembrane
0.2 µm 1 µm
No complex compartments
Infolding of cell membrane specialized metabolic functions
Internal Organization and DNA
![Page 20: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fig. 27-8
Chromosome Plasmids
1 µm
Internal Organization and DNA
![Page 21: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Figure 27.9
1 µm
Plasmids
Chromosome
Internal Organization and DNA
DNA replication, transcription, and translation
differences from eukaryotes?
![Page 22: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Binary FissionQuick reproduction – why?
• Small
• Short generation time
• Binary fission
![Page 23: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Genetically Diverse (highly variable)
3) Genetic recombination
Horizontal Gene Transfer• Transformation
• Transduction
• Conjugation
1) Rapid reproduction
2) Mutation
![Page 24: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fig. 16-2
Living S cells
(control)
Living R cells
(control)Heat-killed
S cells (control)
Mixture of heat-killed S cells and living R cells
Mouse diesMouse dies Mouse healthy Mouse healthy
Living S cells
RESULTS
EXPERIMENTTransformation
F. Griffith
1920’s
Transformation
![Page 25: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fig. 27-11-4
Recombinant cell
Recipientcell
A+ B–
B–
A+
A–
Recombination
A+
Donorcell
A+ B+
A+ B+
Phage DNA
![Page 26: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Figure 27.11-1Phage infects bacterialdonor cell with A+ and B+
alleles.
Donor cell
Phage DNA
A+ B+
1
Transduction
![Page 27: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Phage infects bacterialdonor cell with A+ and B+
alleles.
Phage DNA is replicatedand proteins synthesized.
Donor cell
Phage DNA
A+ B+
A+ B+
1
2
Transduction
![Page 28: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Phage infects bacterialdonor cell with A+ and B+
alleles.
Phage DNA is replicatedand proteins synthesized.
Fragment of DNA with A+
allele is packaged withina phage capsid.
A+
Donor cell
Phage DNA
A+ B+
A+ B+
1
2
3
Transduction
![Page 29: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Phage infects bacterialdonor cell with A+ and B+
alleles.
Phage DNA is replicatedand proteins synthesized.
Fragment of DNA with A+
allele is packaged withina phage capsid.
Phage with A+ alleleinfects bacterial recipientcell.
A+
Donor cell
Phage DNA
A+ B+
A+ B+
A+
B−A−
Crossingover
Recipient cell
1
2
4
3
Transduction
![Page 30: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Phage infects bacterialdonor cell with A+ and B+
alleles.
Phage DNA is replicatedand proteins synthesized.
Fragment of DNA with A+
allele is packaged withina phage capsid.
Phage with A+ alleleinfects bacterial recipientcell.
Incorporation of phageDNA creates recombinantcell with genotype A+ B−.
A+
Donor cell
Phage DNA
A+ B+
A+ B+
A+
B−A−
Crossingover
Recombinantcell
Recipient cell
B−A+
1
2
5
4
3
Transduction
![Page 31: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Fig. 27-12
Sex pilus 1 µm
Conjugation F factor
![Page 32: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Fig. 27-13
F plasmid
F+ cell
F– cell
Matingbridge
Bacterial chromosome
Bacterialchromosome
(a) Conjugation and transfer of an F plasmid
F+ cell
F+ cell
F– cell
(b) Conjugation and transfer of part of an Hfr bacterial chromosome
F factor
Hfr cell A+A+
A+
A+
A+A– A– A–
A– A+
Recombinant
F– bacterium
F Factor & PlasmidsR Factor & Antibiotic resistance
Crossing over
Enzymesdegrade andDNA notincorporated
![Page 33: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Table 27-1
• Autotrophs require CO2 as a carbon source
• Heterotrophs require an organic nutrient to make organic compounds
![Page 34: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Oxygen Preferences
• Obligate aerobes
• Obligate anaerobes• Clostridium tetani
• C. botulinum
• C. perfringens
• Facultative anaerobes• Staphylococcus
• E. coli
![Page 35: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Fig. 27-14
Photosyntheticcells
Heterocyte
20 µm
Nitrogen fixation
![Page 36: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Fig. 27-15
1 µ
m
Metabolic cooperation Biofilms – Streptococcus mutans
![Page 37: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Fig. 27-UN1
Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria
![Page 38: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Figure 27.15
UNIVERSALANCESTOR
Eukaryotes
Korarchaeotes
Euryarchaeotes
Crenarchaeotes
Nanoarchaeotes
Proteobacteria
Chlamydias
Spirochetes
Cyanobacteria
Gram-positivebacteria
Do
main
Eu
kary
aD
om
ain
Arc
hae
aD
om
ain
Bacte
ria
![Page 39: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Table 27-2
![Page 40: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Fig. 27-17
Archaea
![Page 41: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Fig. 27-20
Symbiosis mutualism, commensalism & parasite
![Page 43: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Pathogenic Bacteria
• Exotoxin• Gram (+)
• Part of growth & metabolism
• Proteins (enzymes) secreted
• Gene location plasmids
• Antitoxins provide immunity
• Types:
» Cytotoxic (diptheria, gangrene)
» Neurotoxins (botulism,tetanus)
» Enterotoxins (cholera, staph)
• Endotoxins• Gram (-)
• Outer portion of cell wall
• LPS
• When Gram (-) dies
• Activates blood clotting
proteins
• Fever & shock
• Bioterrorism (anthrax)
![Page 44: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Fig. 27-22
(a)
(b)
(c)
Bioremediation & Technology
![Page 45: CAMPBELL - Saddleback College · CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece •Urry ... Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick. Fig. 27-1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022606/5b8126e87f8b9a2b678bbe37/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Fig. 27-UN3
Fimbriae
Capsule
Cell wall
Circular chromosome
Internalorganization
Flagella
Sex pilus