CAMILLO GOLGI

NOBEL PRIZE FOR THE “BLACK STAIN”

FIRST PICTURE OF GOLGI COMPLEX (STAINED WITH GOLGI’S BLACK STAIN)

CELL BODY OF NEURON

AXON

RAMON Y CAJAL

USED GOLGI’S “BLACK STAIN” TO SHOW NEURONS ARE

INDIVIDUAL CELLS

RAMON Y CAJAL IN HIS LAB

digitalimagingu.com/galleries/digitalvideo/sp...

Wellmann & Heuser '95. Trends cell Biol. 5, 303

http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/chapter1.html

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

By Alisa Zapp Machalek

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7096/extref/nature04717-s16.mov

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7096/extref/nature04717-s16.mov

SCALES

PLASMA MEMBRANE . .. ..... .. RER

TRANSPORT VESICLES

CIS-CISTERNA

TRANS-CISTERNA (aka TGN)

?????

SECRETORY VESICLE

EXOCYTOSIS

SCALE FORMATION IN A PROTOZOAN

THE DEVELOPING SCALES IN THE GOLGI BODY CANNOT FIT INTO

TRANSPORT VESICLES!

J. Cell Sci. 36, 437-459 0979) 437Printed in Great Britain © Company of Biologists Limited 1979

DEVELOPMENT OF SCALES IN Pyranimonas

SCALE FORMATION IN CHRYSOPHYCEAN ALGAE I. Cellulosic and Noncellulosic Wall Components Made by the Golgi ApparatusR. Malcolm Brown, Jr., Werner W. Franke, Hans Kleinig, Heinz Falk, and Peter Sitte

Cell Biol. 1970 May 1; 45(2): 246–271.

Pleurochrysis scherfellii

CHLOROPLAST

WALL MADE OF THIN SCALES

http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/chapter1.html

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

By Alisa Zapp Machalek

(Nature review, Molecular Cell Biology, vol 31, August 2002, 615)

Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz and Kristien J.M. Zaal

Kristin M. Hager 

Assistant Professor Ph.D., University of Alabama-

BirminghamPostdoctoral Fellowship,

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Molecular and Cell Biology of Pathogenic Protozoa

e-mail | labpage

We believe that the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, is spectacularly successful due to its ability to secrete proteins that allow it to interact with virtually *any* nucleated host cell during invasion and intracellular survival.

A key step in protein secretion is the organisms' ability to synthesize and properly target these invasion/maintenance proteins to their respective organelles. Our laboratory is interested in dissecting the central steps involved in these phenomena and in general are interested in intracellular trafficking of proteins in protozoan parasites.

1. Ultrastructure of a Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite. The conoid defines the apical end of the parasite and is thought to be associated with the penetration of the host

cell. Micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules are the three major secretory organelles, found predominately at the apical end of the parasite. Microneme proteins are released very early in the invasion process, facilitating host-cell binding and gliding

motility. Rhoptry proteins are also released during invasion, and can be detected within the lumen and membrane of the newly generated parasitophorous vacuole

(PV). Dense-granule proteins are released during and after the formation of the PV, modifying the PV environment for intracellular survival and replication of the parasite. The apicoplast is a plastid-like four-membrane organelle containing a 35 kb circular

DNA. Most of the proteins functioning within the organelle are encoded by the nucleus, and are specifically targeted to the apicoplast. This targeting involves the

secretory pathway, including the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and a Golgi body situated immediately apical to the nucleus. Targeted proteins have a bipartite N-

terminal extension, consisting of an ER signal sequence followed by a plastid transit peptide. T. gondii cells have a single nucleus and a single mitochondrion. It is hypothesised that reliance on the mitochondrion for cellular metabolism differs

according to the life-cycle stage of the parasite (fig001jac).

www.abcam.com/index.html?pageconfig=resource...

Dr Tony Jackson