camera, ccd & types

Upload: chinmay-bhatt

Post on 05-Apr-2018

234 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    1/22

    VIDEOGRAPHY

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    2/22

    CAMERA

    Video camera captures light from the

    object through the lens and focused it on a

    pictures tube or semiconductor chips. Through thepicture tube or chips, light is converted intoelectronic signals. An electron beam scans thesesignals and a video signal is produced. This signal

    can be sent to VCR.

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    3/22

    IMAGE SENSOR

    The image sensor is a Silicon Semiconductor Design tocapture photon that is light and convert them in to electron.Electron once converted then must be transferred andconverted again to voltage which can be measured andturned into digital data.

    There are two types of Image Sensor used in DigitalCamera

    - Charge Coupled Device (CCD)

    - Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

    (CMOS)High end Camera uses CCD Sensor for highquality and low noise images. It is better than theCMOS.

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    4/22

    Charge Coupled Device (CCD)

    It contains many light sensitive diodes that convertlight into electrical charges. These diodes are calledPhotosites. Each photosites records the intensity orbrightness of the light falls on it. Therefore brighter the

    light, higher the charge. This electrical charges are thenconverted into digital values by an Analog to Digitalconverter (ADC)

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    5/22

    CCD Vs CMOS

    CCD Sensors have been used incameras for more than 20 years and presentmany advantageous qualities among them,better light sensitivity than CMOS Sensors. Thishigher light sensitivity translates into betterimages in low light conditions. CCD Sensors are,however, more expensive as they are made in anon-standard process and more complex toincorporate into a camera. In addition, when

    there is a very bright object in the scene (Suchas a lamp or direct sunlight), the image mayburn.

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    6/22

    Recent advances in CMOS Sensors bring themcloser to CCD in terms of image quality, but CMOS

    Sensors remain unsuitable for cameras where thehighest possible image quality is required. CMOSSensors provide a lower total cost for the camerassince they contain all the logics needed to build

    cameras around them. They make it possible toproduce small sized cameras. A current limitationwith CMOS Sensor is their lower light sensitivitywhile this drawback is not an issue in bright

    environment, in low light conditions it becomesvisible. The result is either a very dark or a verynoisy image.

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    7/22

    CMOS SENSOR

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    8/22

    Analog-to-digital converterAn analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC,

    A/D or A to D) is an electronic circuit that converts

    continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. Thereverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analogconverter (DAC).

    Typically, an ADC is an electronic device that

    converts an input analog voltage to a digital number. Thedigital output may be using different coding schemes,

    such as binary and two's complement binary.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_numeral_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_numeral_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter
  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    9/22

    TYPES OF VIDEO CAMERA

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    10/22

    Studio Cameras

    Studio Cameras are mounted on a dollypedestal so the camera operator may wheel it todifferent locations with relative ease during shotchanges. These cameras are usually too large andhave a large viewfinder, high quality lenses andcamera pick-up chips. The highest level cameras arereproducing high quality images under a full range of

    lighting situations. Its focus and zoom controls areusually fixed to the panning handles.

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    11/22

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    12/22

    ENG CAMERA

    Electronic News Gathering Camera

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    13/22

    The Electronic News Gathering Cameras areautomated and fully operational within a fewseconds after they are switched on. You canmake adjustments quickly and easily. These are

    generally shoulder mounted with a small camera -light and microphone attached and powered bybatteries.

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    14/22

    EFP CAMERA

    Electronic Field Production Camera

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    15/22

    The EFP system uses the same type of

    compact, portable video equipment as the ENGsystem. However, the purpose of EFP is togenerate an entertainment program at differentlocations away from the studio. Two examples

    would be a documentary program or aninterview at someones home.

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    16/22

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    17/22

    CONVERTIBLE CAMERA

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    18/22

    Convertible Camera can be converted to anENG Camera from a Studio Camera and vice -

    versa. Therefore it can be used both in the studioand in the field. You can fit light weightattachments like instead of large viewfinder, smalleyepiece viewfinder.

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    19/22

    CAMCORDER

  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    20/22

    Camcorder combines a camera and video cassette inone unit. The camcorder weight less than an ENGCamera. It may have its own inbuilt video cassetterecorder or a separate compact video cassette recorder. Itallows increased mobility in tight situations.

    The earliest camcorders, developed by companiessuch as JVC, Sony, and Kodak, used analog videotape,but since the mid-1990s (and even before that inprofessional markets), camcorders recording digital video

    have become the norm.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videotapehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videotapehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVC
  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    21/22

    CONSUMEROR

    SMALL FORMAT CAMERAS

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sony_dv_handycam.jpg
  • 8/2/2019 Camera, CCD & Types

    22/22

    As the mainstream consumer market favors ease ofuse, portability, and price, consumer camcorders

    emphasize these features more than raw technicalperformance. For example, good low-light capabilitiesrequire large capturing chips, which affects price and size.Thus, consumer camcorders are unable to shoot usefulfootage in dim light. Manual controls need space, either inmenus or as buttons and make the use more complicated,which goes against the requirement of ease of use. Forthe beginner, entry-level camcorders offer basic recordingand playback capability.

    Hi8, S-VHS, miniDV, Digital8 and Hard driveCameras are small format cameras. These are nowincreasingly used for personal use, local programs etc.