The Beginnings of CALL and The Beginnings of CALL and the CALL-ISthe CALL-IS

Personal Reflections Personal Reflections on Major Paradigm on Major Paradigm Shifts in CALL UseShifts in CALL Use

Roger KennerRoger Kenner

TESOL 2009 - DenverTESOL 2009 - Denver

Stage 1: Main-Frame ComputersStage 1: Main-Frame Computers

• What did What did CALLCALL look look like?like?

• 19791979• Computer Terminal Computer Terminal

connected to main-connected to main-frame computerframe computer

• 300 baud modem gives 300 baud modem gives way to (modern) 1200 way to (modern) 1200 baud baud GandalfGandalf box box

Stage 1: Or it might have looked like this?Stage 1: Or it might have looked like this?

All of our software also ran on teletypesAll of our software also ran on teletypes

Stage 1: What did the software look like?Stage 1: What did the software look like?

• Letters crawl across Letters crawl across the screenthe screen

• Lines scroll up form Lines scroll up form the bottom, vanish at the bottom, vanish at the top.the top.

Stage 1: Primitive?Stage 1: Primitive?

• Maybe soMaybe so• But running major authoring But running major authoring

systems like systems like DasherDasher

Stage 1: We kept copious recordsStage 1: We kept copious records

• All wrong answersAll wrong answers• All eventsAll events• All scoresAll scores• Analysis by Analysis by

Question ItemQuestion Item

Stage 1: Assisting InstructorsStage 1: Assisting Instructors

• Protocol for focussing Protocol for focussing their effortstheir efforts

• Gathering their dataGathering their data• Programming it for Programming it for

themthem

Stage 1: Main-Frame ComputersStage 1: Main-Frame Computers

• David Sanders, TESOL 92David Sanders, TESOL 92• Invitation to host colloquium at TESOL 93Invitation to host colloquium at TESOL 93• 1980-19871980-1987

• Thousands of studentsThousands of students• Other, more famous systems of this genreOther, more famous systems of this genre

• PLATOPLATO• TICCITTICCIT

Stage 2: Microcomputer RevolutionStage 2: Microcomputer Revolution

• Took the field by stormTook the field by storm• Accessible to everyoneAccessible to everyone• Cottage industryCottage industry• Anyone could do itAnyone could do it

• for better or worsefor better or worse

Intecolor 80 Computer: 32K RAM

Clef series software

• Advent of colourAdvent of colour• Primitive Primitive

graphicsgraphics

Stage 2: MicrocomputersStage 2: Microcomputers

• Early Conference PresentationsEarly Conference Presentations

or Revival Meetings?or Revival Meetings?• Got a computer last summer, look what I’ve done!Got a computer last summer, look what I’ve done!• Immediate feedback!Immediate feedback!• Individualized instruction!Individualized instruction!• Gathering convertsGathering converts

• TESOL 93 – Practitioners talking to each other!TESOL 93 – Practitioners talking to each other!• A buzz in the ‘computer hall’A buzz in the ‘computer hall’• The first books on CALLThe first books on CALL• CALICO foundedCALICO founded

Stage 3: Microcomputers Grow UpStage 3: Microcomputers Grow Up

• Hard drivesHard drives• 3.5”, 720K -> 1.44mb 3.5”, 720K -> 1.44mb

floppy disksfloppy disks• MS-DOS 3.0 -> 6.0MS-DOS 3.0 -> 6.0

IBM-PC

Macintosh(Image from Wikipedia)

• Revolutionary Revolutionary operating systemoperating system

• High quality graphicsHigh quality graphics

Stage 3: Microcomputers Grow UpStage 3: Microcomputers Grow Up

Adventure Game Generator(Roger Kenner)

HyperCard (Image from Web source)

Stage 3: Microcomputers Grow UpStage 3: Microcomputers Grow Up

WordStar (Wikipedia)

Lotus 1-2-3 (Wikipedia)

Stage 3: Interactive VideodiskStage 3: Interactive Videodisk

Stage 4: CD-ROMStage 4: CD-ROM

Rosetta Stone(Personal Collection)

Rosetta Stone (Web Source)

Stage 5: WindowsStage 5: Windows

Windows 3.11 (Wikipedia)

Stage 6: The WebStage 6: The Web

WebCT

Early Yahoo on Mosaic

Stage 6: CD-ROM -> The WebStage 6: CD-ROM -> The Web

IMDb 1994 – Present (2009 View)

Cinemania 1992-1997 (personal collection)

Stage 7: Web2 and BeyondStage 7: Web2 and Beyond

Roger KennerRoger Kenner

March, 2009March, 2009