CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME CHECK-LISTOF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS 129

Northern Mockingbird Sage Thrasher Brown Thrasher Bendire'sThrasher Curve-billed Thrasher CaliforniaThrasher Crissal Thrasher Le Conte's Thrasher

PARIDAE (Titmice), cont. Plain Titmouse

Mimus Oreoscoptes polyglottos montanus Parus inornatus

Toxostoma rufum Toxostoma bendirei Toxostoma curvirostre Toxostoma redivivum Toxostoma crissale Toxostoma lecontei

REMlZlDAE (Verdin) Verdin Auriparus flaviceps

AEGITHALIDAE (Bushtit) BusMi Psaltriparus minimus

MOTACILLIDAE (Wagtails and Pipits) Yellow Wagtail Gray Wagtail White Wagtail Black-backed Wagtail Red-throated Pipit Water Pipit Sprague's Pipit

SITTIDAE (Nuthatches) Red-breasted Nuthatch White-breasted Nuthatch Pygmy Nuthatch

Sitta canadensis Sitta carolinensis Sitta pygmaea

Motacilla flava Motacilla cinerea Motacilla alba Motacilla lugens Anthus cervinus Anthus spinoletta Anthus spragueii

CERTHIIDAE (Creepers) Brown Creeper Certhia americana

TROGLODYTIDAE (Wrens) Cactus Wren

Coastal Cactus Wren Rock Wren Canyon Wren Bewick's Wren House Wren Winterwren Sedge Wren Marsh Wren

Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus C. b. sandiegoense SC

Salpinctes obsoletus Catherpes mexicanus Thryomanes bewickii Troglodytes aedon Troglodytes troglodytes Cistothorusplatensis + Cistothorus palustris

BOMBYCILLIDAE (Waxkings) Bohemian Waxwing Cedar Waxwing

Bombycillagarrulus Bombycilla cedrorum

PTILOGONATIDAE (Silky Flycatchers) Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens

LANllDAE (Shrikes) Brown Shrike Northern Shrike Loggerhead Shrike

San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike

Lanius cristatus Lanius excubitor Lanius ludovicianus

L. I. mearnsi CINCLIDAE (Dippers)

American Dipper Cinclus mexicanus

MUSCICAPIDAE (Old World Warblers, Gnatcatchers, Kinglets, Thrushes, Bluebirds, and Wrentit)

STURNIDAE (Starlings) European Starling Sturnus vulgaris

Dusky Warbler Golden-crowned Kinglet Ruby-crowned Kinglet Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Black-tailed Gnatcatcher CaliforniaGnatcatcher

Phylloscopus fuscatus Regulus satrapa Regulus calendula Polioptila caerulea Polioptila melanura Polioptila californica Oenanthe oenanthe Sialia mexicana Sialia currucoides Myadestes townsendi Catharus fuscescens Catharus minimus Catharus ustulatus

VlREONlDAE (Typical Vireos) White-eyed Vireo Bell's Vireo

Arizona Bell's Vireo Least Bell's Vireo

Gray Vireo Solitary Vireo Yellow-throated Vireo Hutton's Vireo Warbling Vireo Philadelphia Vireo Red-eyed Vireo Yellow-green Vireo

Vireo griseus Vireo bellii

V. b. arizonae V. b. pusillus

Vireo vicinior Vireo solitarius Vireo flavifrons Vireo huttoni Vireo gilvus Vireophiladelphicus Vireo olivaceus Vireo flavoviridis

CE CE, FE SC Northern Wheatear

Western Bluebird ~ountain Bluebird Townsend's Solitaire Veery Gray-cheeked Thrush Swainson'sThrush Hermit Thrush Wood Thrush Rufous-backed Robin American Robin Varied Thrush Wrentit

Catbarusguttatus Hvlocichla mustelina Grdus rufopalliatus Turdus migratorius

EMBERIZIDAE (Wood Warblers, Sparrows, Blackbirds, and relatives) Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora pinus + Golden-wing.ed Warbler Vermivora chrysaptera + Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata Nashville Warbler Vermivora ru ficapilla Virginia's Warbler Vermivora virginiae

lxoreus naevius Chamaea fasciata

MlMlDAE (Mockingbirds and Thrashers) Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis

130 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME CHECK-LISTOF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS 127

EMBERIZIDAE (Wood Warblers, Lucy's Warbler Northern Parula Yellow Warbler

CaliforniaYellow Warbler Sonoran Yellow Warbler

Chestnut-sided Warbler Magnolia Warbler Cape May Warbler Black-throated Blue Warbler Yellow-rurnped Warbler Black-throated Gray Warbler Townsend's Warbler Hermit Warbler Black-throated Green Warbler Golden-cheeked Warbler Blackburnian Warbler Yellow-throated Warbler Grace's Warbler Pine Warbler Prairie Warbler Palm Warbler Bay-breasted Warbler Blackpoll Warbler Cerulean Warbler Black-and-white Warbler American Redstart Prothonotary Warbler Worm-eating Warbler Ovenbird Northern Waterthrush Louisiana Waterthrush Kentucky Warbler Connecticut Warbler Mourning Warbler MacGillivray's Warbler Common Yellowthroat Hooded Warbler Wilson's Warbler Canada Warbler Red-faced Warbler Painted Redstart Yellow-breasted Chat Hepatic Tanager Summer Tanager Scarlet Tanager Western Tanager Northern Cardinal Pyrrhuloxia Rose-breasted Grosbeak Black-headed Grosbeak Blue Grosbeak

Sparrows, Blackbirds, and relatives), cont. Vermivora luciae Parula americana Dendroicapetechia

D. p. brewsten' D. p. sonorana

Dendroica pensylvanica Dendroica magnolia Dendroica tigrina Dendroica caerulescens Dendroica coronata Dendroica nigrescens Dendroica townsendi Dendroica occidentalis Dendroica virens Dendroica chrysoparia Dendroica fusca Dendroica dominica Dendroica graciae Dendroica pinus Dendroica discolor Dendroicapalmarum Dendroica castanea Dendroica striata Dendroica cerulea Mniotilta varia Setophaga ruticilla Protonotaria citrea Helmitheros vermivorus Seiurus aurocapillus Seiurus noveboracensis Seiurus motacilla Oporornis formosus Oporornis agilis Oporornis philadelphia Oporornis tolmiei Geothlypis trichas Wilsonia citrina Wilsoniapusilla Wilsonia canadensis Cardellina rubrifrons Myioborus pictus lcteria virens Piranga flava Piranga rubra Piranga olivacea Piranga ludoviciana Cardinalis cardinalis Cardinalis sinuatus Pheucticus ludovicianus Pheucticus melanocephalus Guiraca caerulea

SC SC

+

+ + +

+

+ +

+ + + +

+

SC SC SC +

SC, I" +

%ardinals are native to California only marginally in the Colorado River Valley, other populations are of introduced subspecies.

Western Wood-Pewee Eastern Wood-Pewee Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Willow Flycatcher Least Flycatcher Hamrnond's Flycatcher Dusky Flycatcher Gray Flycatcher Pacific-Slope Flycatcher Cordilleran Flycatcher Black Phoebe Eastern Phoebe Say's Phoebe Vermilion Flycatcher Dusky-capped Flycatcher Ash-throated Flycatcher Great Crested Flycatcher Brown-crested Flycatcher Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Tropical Kingbird Cassin's Kingbird Thick-billed Kingbird Western Kingbird Eastern Kingbird Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

ALAUDIDAE (Larks) Eurasian Skylark Horned Lark

HlRUNDlNlDAE (Swallows) Purple Martin Tree Swallow Violet-green Swallow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Bank Swallow Cliff Swallow Barn Swallow

CORVIDAE (Jays, Magpies, and Crows) Gray Jay Steller's Jay Blue Jay Scrub Jay Pinyon Jay Clark's Nutcracker Black-billed Magpie Yellow-billed Magpie American Crow Common Ravep

PARIDAE (Titmice) Black-capped Chickadee Mountain Chickadee Chestnut-backed Chickadee

Contopus sordidulus Contopus virens Empidonax flaviventris Empidonax traillii Empidonax minimus Empidonax hammondii Empidonaxoberholseri Empidonax wrightii Empidonax difficilis Empidonaxoccidentalis Sayornis nigricans Sayornisphoebe Sayornis saya Pyrocephalus rubinus Myiarchus tuberculifer Myiarchus cinerascens Myiarchus crinitus Myiarchus tyrannulus Myiodynastes luteiventris Tyrannus melancholicus Tyrannus vociferans Tyrannus crassirostris Tyrannus verticalis Tyrannus tyrannus Tyrannus forficatus

Alauda arvensis Eremophila alpestris

Progne subis Tachycineta bicolor Tachycineta thalassina Stelgidopteryxserripennis Riparia riparia Hirundo pyrrhonota Hirundo rustica

Perisoreus canadensis Cyanocitta stelleri Cyanocitta cristata Aphelowma coerulescens Gymnorhinuscyanocephalus Nucifraga wlumbiana Pica pica Pica nuttalli Corvus brachyrhynchos HA Corvus corax

Parus atricapillus SC Parusgambeli Parus rufescens

126 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME CHECK-LIST OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS 131

APODIFORMES (Swifts and Hummingbirds)

APODIDAE (Swifts) Black Swift White-collared Swift Chimney Swift Vaux's Swift White-throated Swifi

TROCHlLlDAE (Hummingbirds) Broad-billed Hummingbird Xantus' Hummingbird Violet-crowned Hummingbird Blue-throated Hummingbird Ruby-throated Hummingbird Black-chinned Hummingbird Anna's Hummingbird Costa's Hummingbird Calliope Hummingbird Broad-tailed Hummingbird Rufous Hummingbird Allen's Hummingbird

CORACIIFORMES (Kingfishers and relatives)

ALCEDINIDAE (Kingfishers) Belted Kingfisher

PICIFORMES (Woodpeckers and relatives)

PlClDAE (Woodpeckers and Wrynecks) Lewis' Woodpecker Red-headed Woodpecker Acorn Woodpecker Gila Woodpecker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Red-naped Sapsucker Red-breasted Sapsucker Williamson's Sapsucker Ladder-backed Woodpecker Nuttall's Woodpecker Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker White-headed Woodpecker Three-toed Woodpecker Black-backed Woodpecker Northern Flicker

Gilded Northern Flicker Pileated Woodpecker

PASSERIFORMES (Perching Birds)

TYRANNIDAE (Tyrant Flycatchers) Olive-sided Flycatcher Greater Pewee

Cypseloides niger SC Streptoprocnezonaris + Chaeturapelagica Chaetura vauxi Aeronautes saxatalis

Cyanthus latirostris 7 Hylocharis xantusii + Amazilia violiceps + Lampornis clemenciae + Archilochus colubris + Archilochus alexandri Calypte anna Calypte costae Stellula calliope Selasphorusplatycercus Selasphorus rufus Selasphorus sasin

Ceryle alcyon

Melanerpes lewis Melanerpes erythrocephalus + Melanerpes formicivorus Melanerpes uropygialis C E Sphyrapicus varius Sphyrapicus nuchalis Sphyrapicus ruber Sphyrapicus thyroideus Picoides scalaris Picoides nuttallii Picoides pubescens Picoides villosus Picoides albolarvatus Picoides tridactylus + Picoides arcticus Colaptes auratus

C. a. chrysoides CE Dryocopus pileatus

Contopus borealis Contopus pertinax

Lazuli Bunting Indigo Bunting Varied Bunting Painted Bunting Dickcissel Green-tailed Towhee Rufous-sided Towhee CaliforniaTowhee

lnyo CaliforniaTowhee Abert's Towhee Cassin's Sparrow Rufous-crowned Sparrow American Tree Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Clay -colored Sparrow Brewer's Sparrow Field Sparrow Black-chinned Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Lark Sparrow Black-throated Sparrow Sage Sparrow

San Clemente Sage Sparrow Lark Bunting Savannah Sparrow

Belding's savannah Sparrow Large-billed Savannah Sparrow

~aird 's Sparrow Grasshopper Sparrow Le Conte's Sparrow Sharp-tailed Sparrow Fox Sparrow Song Sparrow

Suisun Song Sparrow San Pablo Song Sparrow Alameda Song Sparrow

Lincoln's Sparrow Swamp Sparrow White-throated Sparrow Golden-crowned Sparrow White-crowned Sparrow Harris' Sparrow Dark-eyed Junco

Gray-headed Junco McCown's Longspur Lapland Longspur Chestnut-collared Longspur Rustic Bunting Snow Bunting Bobolink Red-winged blackbird Tricolored Blackbird Western Meadowlark Yellow-headed Blackbird Rusty Blackbird

Passerina amoena Passerina cyanea Passerina versicolor Passerina ciris Spiza arnericana Pipilo chlorurus Pipilo erythrophthalmus Pipilo crissalis

P. c. eremophilus Pipilo aberti Aimophila cassinii Airnophila ruficeps Spizella arborea Spizella passerina Spizella pallida Spizella bre weri Spizella pusilla Spizella atrogularis Pooecetesgrarnineus Chondestesgrammacus Amphispiza bilineata Amphispiza belli

A. b. clementeae Calamospiza melanocorys Passerculus sandwichensis

P. s. beldingi P. s. rostratus

Ammodramus bairdii Ammodramus savannarum Ammodramus leconteii Ammodramus caudacutus Passerella iliaca Melospiza rnelodia

M. m. maxillaris M. m. samuelis M. m. pusillula

Melospiza lincolnii Melospizageorgiana Zonotrichia albicollis Zonotrichia atricapilla Zonotrichia leucophrys Zonotrichia querula Junco hyemalis

J. h. caniceps Calcarius mccownii Calcarius lapponicus Calcarius ornatus Emberiza rustica Plectrophenaxnivalis Dolichonyx oryzivorus Agelaius phoeniceus Agelaius tricolor Sturnella neglecta Xanthocephalusxanthocepha Euphagus carolinus

CE, FT

+

132 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME CHECK-LIST OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS 125

EMBERlZlDAE (Wood Warblers, Sparrows, Blackbirds, and relatives), cont. Brewer's Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrusater Orchard Oriole lcterus spurius Hooded Oriole lcterus cucullatus Streak-backed Oriole lcteruspustulatus Northern Oriole lcterusgalbula Scott's Oriole lcterusparisorum

Ringed Turtle-Dove Spotted Dove White-winged Dove Mourning Dove Inca Dove Common Ground-Dove Ruddy Ground-Dove

Streptopelia risoria Streptopelia chinensis Zenaida asiatica Zenaida macroura Columbina inca Columbinapasserina Columbina talpacoti

PSITTACIFORMES (Parrots and relatives)

PSlTTAClDAE (Lories, Parakeets, Macaws, and Parrots) Rose-winged Parakeet Psittacula krameri Canary-winged Parakeet Brotogeris versicolurus Red-crowned Parrot Amazona viridigenalis Lilac-crowned Parrot Amazona finschi Yellow-headed Parrot Amazona oratrix

FRlNGlLLlDAE (Finches) Brambling Rosy Finch Pine Grosbeak Purple Finch Cassin's Finch House Finch Red Crossbill White-winged Crossbill Common Redpoll Pine Siskin Lesser Goldfinch Lawrence's Goldfinch American Goldfinch

Fringilla montifringilla Leucosticte arctoa Pinicola enucleator Carpodacus purpureus Carpodacus cassinii Carpodacus mexicanus Loxia curvirostra Loxia leucoptera Carduelis flammea Carduelis pinus Carduelispsaltria Carduelis lawrencei Carduelis tristis

CUCULIFORMES (Cuckoos and relatives)

CUCULIDAE (Typical Cuckoos) Black-billedcuckoo Yellow-billed Cuckoo

CaliforniaYellow-billed Cuckoo Greater Roadrunner Groove-billed Ani

Coccyzus erythropthalmus + Coccyzus americanus

C. a. occidentalis CE Geococcyx californianus Crotophaga sulcirostris +

STRIGIFORMES (Owls) Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus

TYTONIDAE (Barn Owls) Common Barn Owl

PASSERIDAE (Old World Sparrows) House Sparrow Passer domesticus I Tyto alba

STRlGlDAE (Typical Owls) Flammulated Owl Western Screech-Owl Great Horned Owl Snowy Owl Northern Pygmy-Owl Elf Owl Burrowing Owl Spotted Owl

Northern Spotted Owl Barred Owl Great Gray Owl Long-eared Owl Short-eared Owl Northern Saw-whet Owl

CLASS: MAMMALlA (Mammals) Otus flammeolus Otus kennicottii Bubo virginianus Nyctea scandiaca Glaucidium gnoma Micrathene whitneyi Athene cunicularia Strix occidentalis

S. 0. caurina Strix varia Strixnebulosa Asio otus Asio flammeus Aegolius acadicus

MARSUPIALIA (Marsupials)

DIDELPHIDAE (Opossums) VirginiaOpossum Didelphis virginiana

INSECTIVORA (Insectivores)

SORlClDAE (Shrews) Mt. Lyell Shrew Vagrant Shrew

Salt-marsh Wandering Shrew Dusky (Montane) Shrew Pacific Shrew Ornate Shrew

Buena Vista Lake Shrew Monterey Ornate Shrew So. California Salt-marsh Shrew Suisun Shrew Santa Catalina Shrew

lnyo Shrew Water Shrew Marsh (Pacific Water) Shrew

Sorex lyelli Sorex vagrans

S. v. halicoetes Sorex monticolus Sorex pacificus Sorex ornatus

S. 0. relictus S. 0. salarius S. 0. salicornicus s. 0. sinuosus S. 0. willetti

Sorex tenellus Sorex palustris Sorex bendirii

CAPRIMULGIFORMES (Goatsuckers and relatives)

CAPRIMULGIDAE (~oatsuckers) Lesser Nighthawk Chordeilesacutipennis Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor Common Poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Chuck-will's-widow Caprimulgus carolinensis Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus

1 24 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME CHECK-LIST OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS 133

SCOLOPACIDAE (Sandpipers and relatives), cont. Larus atricilla

Trowbridge's Shrew Merriam's Shrew Desert Shrew

Sorex tro wbridgii Sorexmerriami Notiosorex crawfordi

Laughing Gull Franklin's Gull Little Gull Common Black-headed Gull Bonaparte's Gull Heermann's Gull Mew Gull Ring-billed Gull CaliforniaGull Herring Gull Thayer's Gull Lesser Black-backed Gull Yellow-footed Gull Western Gull Glaucous-winged Gull Glaucous Gull Black-legged Kittiwake Sabine's Gull Gull-billedTern Caspian Tern Royal Tern ElegantTern Sandwich Tern Common Tern Arctic Tern Forster's Tern Least Tern

California Least Tern Sooty Tern Black Tern Black Skimmer

Larus pipixcan Larus minutus Larus ridibundus Larus philadelphia Larus heermanni Larus canus Larus delawarensis Larus californicus Larus argentatus Larus thayeri Larus fuscus Larus livens Larus occidentalis Larus glaucescens Larus hyperboreus Rissa tridactyla Xema sabini Sterna nilotica Sterna caspia Sterna maxima Sterna elegans Sterna sandvicensis Sterna hirundo Sterna paradisaea Sterna forsteri Sterna antillarum

S. a. browni CE, FE, CP Sterna fuscata + Chlidonias niger Rynchops niger SC

TALPIDAE (Moles) Shrew-mole Townsend's Mole Coast Mole Broad-footed Mole

Neurotrichusgibbsii Scapanus townsendii capa anus orarius Scapanus latimanus

CHIROPTERA (Bats)

PHYLLOSTOMATIDAE (Leaf-nosed Bats) California Leaf-nosed Bat Mexican Long-tongued Bat

Macrotus californicus SC Choeronycteris mexicana SC

VESPERTILIONIDAE (Evening Bats) Little Brown Myotis

Arizona Myotis Yuma Myotis Cave Myotis Long-eared Myotis Fringed Myotis Long-legged Myotis California Myotis Western Small-footed Myotis Silver-haired Bat Western Pipistrelle Big Brown Bat Western Red Bat Hoary Bat Southern Yellow Bat Spotted Bat Townsend's Big-eared Bat

Pale Big-eared Bat Townsend's Western Big-eared Bat

Pallid Bat

Myotis lucifugus M. I. occultus

Myotis yumanensis Myotis velifer Myotis evotis Myotis thysanodes Myotis volans Myotis californicus Myotis ciliolabrum Lasionycteris noctivagans Pipistrellus hesperus Eptesicus fuscus Lasiurus blossevillii Lasiurus cinereus Lasiurus xanthinus Euderma maculatum SC Plecotus townsendii

P. t. pallescens SC P. t. townsendii SC

Antrozous pallidus SC

ALCIDAE (Auks, Murres, and Puffins) Common Murre Thick-billed Murre Pigeon Guillemot Marbled Murrelet Kittlitz's Murrelet Xantus' Murrelet Craveri's Murrelet Ancient Murrelet Cassin's Auklet Parakeet Auklet Least Auklet Crested Auklet Rhinoceros Auklet Tufted Puffin Horned Puffin

Uria aalge Uria lomvia + Cepphus columba Brachyramphus marmoratus C E Brachyramphus brevirostris + Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Synthliboramphus craveri

MOLOSSIDAE (Free-tailed Bats) Brazilian Free-tailed Bat Pocketed Free-tailed Bat Big Free-tailed Bat Western Mastiff Bat

California Mastiff Bat

Tadarida brasiliensis Nyctinomops femorosacca SC Nyctinomops macrotis SC Eumops perotis

E. p. californicus SC

2$nthliboramphus antiquus Ptychoramphus aleuticus ~~clorrh~nchus~sittacula + Aethia pusilla + Aethia cristatella + Cerorhinca monocerata SC Fratercula cirrhata SC Fratercula corniculata

LAGOMORPHA (Rabbits, Hares, and Pikas)

OCHOTONIDAE (Pikas) Pika Ochotonaprinceps

COLUMBIFORMES (Pigeons and Doves) LEPORIDAE (Rabbits and Hares) Pygmy Rabbit Brush Rabbit

Riparian Brush Rabbit Nuttall's (Mountain) Cottontail

Brachylagus idahoensis SC, HA Svlvilaaus bachmani HA COLUMBIDAE (Pigeons and Doves)

Rock Dove Band-tailed Pigeon

Columba livia Columba fasciata

, - S. b. riparius SC, HA

Sylvilagus nuttallii HA

134 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME CHECK-LISTOF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS 123

LEPORIDAE (Rabbits and Hares), cont. Audubon's (Desert) Cottontail European Rabbit Snowshoe Hare

Oregon Snowshoe Hare Sierra Nevada Snowshoe Hare

White-tailed (Hare) Jackrabbit Western White-tailed Hare

Black-tailed (Hare) Jackrabbit

RODENTIA (Squirrels, Rats, Mice, and relatives)

Sylvilagus audubonii Oryctolagus cuniculus Lepus americanus

L. a. klamathensis L. a. tahoensis

Lepus townsendii L. t. townsendii

Lepus californicus

APLODONTIDAE (Mountain Beaver) Mountain Beaver Aplodontia rufa

Sierra Nevada Mountain Beaver A. r. californica Point Arena Mountain Beaver A. r. nigra Point Reyes Mountain Beaver A. r. phaea

SCIURIDAE (Squirrels, Chiamunks, and Marmots) ~ l ~ i n e chipmunk Least Chipmunk Yellow-pine Chipmunk Townsend's Chipmunk Sonomachipmunk Merriam's Chipmunk CaliforniaChipmunk Long-eared Chipmunk Lodgepole Chipmunk Panamint Chipmunk UnitaChipmunk Yellow-bellied Marmot White-tailed Antelope Squirrel San Joaquin (Nelson's) Antelope Squirrel Townsend's Ground Squirrel Belding's Ground Squirrel Rock Squirrel CaliforniaGround Squirrel Mohave Ground Squirrel Round-tailed Ground Sauirrel

Palm Springs round Squirrel Golden-mantled Ground Sauirrel Gray Squirrel Western Gray Squirrel Fox Squirrel Douglas' Squirrel Northern Flying Squirrel

San Bernardino Flying Squirrel

GEOMYIDAE (Pocket Gophers) Botta's Pocket Goaher

Amargosa pocket Gopher Townsend's Pocket Goaher Northern Pocket Gopher Western Pocket Gopher Mountain Pocket Gopher

HA I HA SC, HA SC, HA HA SC, HA HA

Tamias alpinus Tamias minimus Tamias amoenus Tamias townsendii Tamias sonomae Tamias merriami Tamias obscurus Tamias quadrimaculatus Tamias speciosus Tamias panamintinus Tamias umbrinus Marmota flaviventris Ammospermophilus leucurus Ammospermophilus nelsoni CT Sperrnophilus townsendii Spermophilus beldingi Spermophilus variegatus Spermophilus beecheyi Spermophilus mohavensis CT Spermophilus tereticaudua

's. t. chlorus Spermophilus lateralis Sciurus carolinensis Sciurus griseus Sciurus niger Tamiasciurus douglasii Glaucomys sabrinus

G. s. californicus

Thomomys bottae T. b. amargosae

Thomomys townsendii Thomomys talpoides Thomomys mazama Thomomys monticola

RECURVIROSTRIDAE (Avocets and Stilts) Black-necked Stilt American Avocet

SCOLOPACIDAE (Sandpipers and relatives) Greater Yellowlegs Lesser Yellowlegs Spotted Redshank Solitary Sandpiper Willet Wandering Tattler Gray-tailed Tattler Spotted Sandpiper Terek Sandpiper Upland Sandpiper Little Curlew Whimbrel Long-billed Curlew Hudsonian Godwit Bar-tailed Godwit Marbled Godwit Ruddy Turnstone BlackTurnstone Surfbird Red Knot Sanderling Semipalmated Sandpiper Western Sandpiper Rufous-necked Stint Little Stint Long-toed Stint Least Sandpiper White-rumped Sandpiper Baird's Sandpiper Pectoral Sandpiper Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Rock Sandpiper Dunlin Curlew Sandpiper Stilt Sandpiper Buff-breasted Sandpiper Ruff Short-billed Dowitcher Long-billed Dowitcher Jack Snipe Common Snipe Wilson's Phalarope

SCOLOPACIDAE (Sandpipers and relatives) Red-necked Phalarope Red Phalarope Pornarine Jaeger Parasitic Jaeger Long-tailed Jaeger South Polar Skua

Himantopus mexicanus Recurvirostra americana

Tringa melanoleuca Tringa flavipes Tringa erythropus t

Tringa solitaria Catoptrophorus semipalmatus ~eteroscelus incanus Heteroscelus brevipes Actitis macularia Xenus cinereus Bartramia longicauda Numenius minutus Numeniusphaeopus Numenius americanus Limosa haemastica Limosa lapponica Limosa fedoa Arenaria interpres Arenaria melanocephala Aphriza virgata Calidris canutus Calidris alba Calidris pusilla Calidris mauri Calidris ruficollis Calidris minuta Calidris subminuta Calidris minutilla Calidris fuscicollis Calidris bairdii Calidris melanotos Calidris acuminata Calidris ptilocnemis Calidris alpha Calidris ferruginea Calidris himanto~us ~ r ~ n ~ i t e s subruficollis Philomachuspugnax Limnodromusgriseus Limnodromus scolo~aceus Lymnocryptes minimus Gallinago gallinago Phalaropus tricolor

Phalaropus lobatus Phalaropus fulicaria Stercorariuspomarinus Stercorarius aarasiticus ~tercorariusion~icaudus Catharacta maccormicki

122 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME, CHECK-LIST OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS 135

GALLIFORMES (Megapodes, Curassows, Pheasants, and relatives)

PHASlANlDAE (Quails, Pheasants, and relatives) Chukar Ring-necked Pheasant Common Peafowl Blue Grouse White-tailed Ptarmigan Ruffed Grouse Sage Grouse Sharp-tailed Grouse Wild Turkey Gambel's Quail CaliforniaQuail Mountain Quail

GRUIFORMES (Cranes, Rails, and relatives)

RALLIDAE (Rails, Gallinules, and Coots) Yellow Rail Black Rail

California Black Rail Clapper Rail

CaliforniaClapper Rail Light-footed Clapper Rail Yuma Clapper Rail

Virginia Rail Sora PurpleGallinule Common Moorhen American Coot

GRUIDAE (Cranes) Sandhill Crane

Greater Sandhill Crane

Alectoris chukar Phasianus colchicus Pavo cristatus Dendragapus obscurus Lagopus leucurus Bonasa umbellus Centrocercus urophasianus Tympanuchus phasianellus Meleagris gallopavo Callipeplagambelii Callipepla californica Oreortyx pictus

I, HA I, HA I? HA I SC, HA SC, HA SC I, HA HA HA HA

Coturnicops noveboracensis SC t ~aterallu~amaicensis

L. j. coturniculus Rallus longirostris

R. I. obsoletus R. I. levipes R. I. yumanensis

Rallus limicola Porzana carolina Porphyrula martinica Gallinula chloro~us Fulica americana

Grus canadensis G. c. tabida

CHARADRIIFORMES (Shorebirds, Gulls, and relatives)

CHARADRHDAE (Plovers and relatives) Black-bellied Plover Lesser Golden-Plover Mongolian Plover Snowy Plover

Western Snowy Plover Wilson's Plover Semipalmated Plover Piping Plover Killdeer Mountain Plover Eurasian Dotterel

Pluvialis squatarola Pluvialis dominica Charadrius mongolus Charadrius alexandrinus

C. a. nivosus Charadrius wilsonia Charadrius semipalmatus Charadrius melodus Charadrius vociferus Charadrius montanus Charadrius morinellus

HAEMATOPODIDAE (Oystercatchers) American Oystercatcher Haematopuspalliatus Black Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani

CT, CP

CE, FE, CP CE, FE, CP CT, FE, CP

+ HA HA

CT, CP

+

SC +

+

SC +

+

HETEROMYIDAE (Pocket Mice and Kangaroo Rats) Little Pocket Mouse

Los Angeles Pocket Mouse Pacific Pocket Mouse

San Joaquin Pocket Mouse San Joaquin Pocket Mouse Salinas Pocket Mouse

Great Basin Pocket Mouse White-eared Pocket Mouse

White-eared Pocket Mouse Tehachapi Pocket Mouse

Yellow-eared Pocket Mouse Long-tailed Pocket Mouse Bailey's Pocket Mouse Desert Pocket Mouse San Diego Pocket Mouse California Pocket Mouse Spiny Pocket Mouse Dark Kangaroo Mouse Pale Kangaroo Mouse Ord's Kangaroo Rat Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat Big-earei "\-mgaroo Rat Narrow-rticr -t Kangaroo Rat Pacific ( A p - ) Kangaroo Rat Heermann's Kangaroo Rat

Marysville Kangaroo Rat Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat

California Kangaroo Rat Giant Kangaroo Rat Panamint Kangaroo Rat Stephens' Kangaroo Rat Desert Kangaroo Rat Merriam's Kangaroo Rat San Joaquin (Fresno) Kangaroo Rat

Tipton Kangaroo Rat Fresno Kangaroo Rat Short-nosed Kangaroo Rat

CASTORIDAE (Beavers) Beaver

CRlCETlDAE (Native Mice, Rats, and Voles) Western Harvest Mouse

So. Marsh Harvest Mouse Santa Cruz Harvest Mouse

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse Cactus Mouse CaliforniaMouse Deer Mouse

Anacapa Island Deer Mouse San Clemente Deer Mouse

Perognathus longimembris P. I. brevinasus SC P. I. pacificus SC

Perognathus inornatus P. i. inornatus SC P. i. psammophilus SC

Perognathusparvus Perognathus alticolus

P. a. alticolus SC P. a. inexpectatus SC

Perognathusxanthonotus Chaetodipus formosus Chaetodipus baileyi Chaetodipuspenicillatus Chaetodipus fallax Chaetodipus californicus Chaetodipus spinatus Microdipodops megacephalus MicrodiRodo~s all id us ~ i ~ o d o ' m ~ s or& Dipodomys microps Dipodomys elephantinus Dipodomys venustus Dipodomys agilis Dipodomys heermanni

D. h. eximus D. h. morroensis

Dipodomys californicus Dipodomys ingens Dipodomys panamintinus Dipodomys stephensi Dipodomys deserti Dipodomys merriami Dipodomys nitratoides

D. n. nitratoides D. n. exilis D. n. brevinasus

Castorcanadensis

SC CE, FE, CP

CE. FE

CT, FE

CE, FE CE, FE SC

Reithrodontomys megalotis R. m. limicola R. m. santacruzae

Reithrodontomysraviventris CE, FE, CP Peromyscus eremicus Peromyscus californicus Peromyscus maniculatus

P. m. anacapae SC P. m. clementis SC

QSome populations were introduced into the Sierra Nevada and Southern California from stock taken from Oregon and Washington.

1 40 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME CHECK-LIST OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS 1 17

American Ornithologists' Union. 1989. Thirty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union check-list of North American birds. Auk 106532-538.

Banks, R.C. 1988. Obsolete English names of North American birds and their modem equivalents. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Res. Publ. NO. 194.

Binford, L.C. 1986. Checklist of California birds. Western Birds 17:l-16. California Department of Fish and Game. 1988. California's Fully Protected Birds,

Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish-March 1988). California Dep. Fish and Game, Sacramento, Calif. 4 pp.

California Department of Fish and Game. 1990. Bird and Mammal Species of Special Concern (May 1990). California Dep. Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Division, Sacramento, Calif. 2 pp.

California Department of Fish and Game. 1 9 9 1 ~ . State and Federal Endangered and Threatened Animals of California (July 1991). California Dep. Fish and Game, Sacramento, Calif. 5 pp.

California Department of Fish and Game. 1991 h. Special animals (August 1991). California Dep. Fish and Game, Sacramento, Calif.

Collins, J.T., J.E. Huheey, J.L. Knight, and H.M. Smith. 1978. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Misc. Publ., Herp. Circ. No. 7.

Collins, J.T., R. Conant, J.E. Huheey, J.L. Knight, E.M. Rundquist, and H.M. Smith. 1982. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. Second Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Misc. Publ., Herp. Circ. No. 12.

Collins, J.T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. Third Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Misc. Publ., Herp. Circ. No. 19.

Dunn, J. 1988. Tenth report of the California Bird Records Committee. Western Birds 19:129-163.

Jennings, M.R. 1983. An annotated check list of the Amphibians and Reptiles of California. California Fish and Game 69: 15 1 - 17 1.

Jennings, M.R. 1987. Annotated check list of the Amphibians and Reptiles of California, second edition. Southwestern Herpetologists Society, Sp. Publ. No. 3.

Jennings. M.R. 1988. Jennings' reply [to Joseph T. Collins' The SSAR common names List- a response to Jennings]. Herpetology 18: 1 1 - 13.

Jones, J.K., Jr., D.C. Carter, H.H. Genoways, R.S. Hoffman, and D.W. Rice. 1982. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1982. Occasional Papers, Museum, Texas Tech University, No. 80.

Jones, J.K., Jr., D.C. Carter, H.H. Genoways, R.S. Hoffman, D.W. Rice, and C. Jones. 1986. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1986. Occasional Papers, Museum, Texas Tech University, No. 107.

Laudenslayer, W.F., Jr., and W.E. Grenfeil, Jr. 1983. A list of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals of California. Outdoor California 44(1):5-14.

Patten, M.A. 1991. An update from the California Bird Records Committee. Western Birds 22:95.

Remsen, J.V., Jr. 1978. Bird Species of Special Concern in California. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, Wildlife Management Branch Admistrative Report 78- 1.

Roberson, D. 1986. Ninth report of the California Bird Records Committee. Western Birds 17:49-77.

Sierra Night Lizard Island Night Lizard

SClNClDAE (Skinks) Western Skink

Coronado Skink Gilbert's Skink

X. v. sierrae SC Xantusia riversiana FT, SC

Eumecesskiltonianus E. s. interparietalis SC

Eumecesgilberti

TEllDAE (Whiptails and relatives) Orange-throated Whiptail Cnemidophorus hyperythrus SC Western Whiptail Cnemidophorus tigris

ANGUIDAE (Alligator Lizards and relatives) Southern Alligator Lizard Elgaria multicarinata Panamint Alligator Lizard Elgaria panamintina Northern Alligator Lizard Elgaria coerulea

ANNlELLlDAE (California Legless Lizards) California Legless Lizard Anniella pulchra

Silvery Legless Lizard A. p. pulchra Black Legless Lizard A. p. nigra

HELODERMATIDAE (Venomous Lizards) Gila Monster Heloderma suspectum

LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE (Slender Blind Snakes) Western Blind Snake Leptotyphlops humilis

BOIDAE (Boas) Rubber Boa

Southern Rubber Boa Rosy Boa

Charina bottae C. b. umbratica

Lichanura trivirgata

COLUBRIDAE (Colubrids) Ringneck Snake Diadophispunctatus Sharp-tailed Snake Contia tenuis Spotted Leaf-nosed Snake Phyllorhynchus decurtatus Racer Coluberconstrictor Coachwhip Masticophis flagellum

San Joaquin Whipsnake M. f. ruddocki Striped Racer (California Whipsnake) Masticophis lateralis

Alameda Striped Racer (Alameda Whipsnake) M. 1. euryxanthus Striped Whipsnake Masticophis taeniatus Baja California Rat Snake Elaphe rosaliae Western Patch-nosed Snake Salvadora hexalepis

Coast Patch-nosed Snake S. h. virgultea Glossy Snake Arizona elegans Gopher Snake Pituophis melanoleucus Common Kingsnake Lampropeltisgetulus California Mountain Kingsnake Lampropeltis zonata

San Diego Mountain Kingsnake L. z. pulchra Long-nosed Snake Rhinocheilus lecontei Common Garter Snake Thamnophis (Nerodia) sirtalis

San Francisco Garter Snake T. (N.) s. tetrataenia CE, FE, CP Western Terrestrial Garter Snake Thamnophis (Nerodia) elegans

116 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME CHECK-LISTOF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS 141

TESTUDINIDAE (True Land Tortoises) Desert Tortoise

CHELONllDAE (Sea Turtles) Green Turtle Loggerhead Pacific Ridley Hawksbill

DERMOCHELYIDAE (LeatherbackTurtles) Leatherback

TRIONYCHIDAE (Softshell Turtles) Spiny Softshell

SQUAMATA (Lizards and Snakes)

GEKKONIDAE (Geckos) Western Banded Gecko (Banded G e c k ~ ) ~ Switack's Banded Gecko (Switak's G e c k ~ ) ~ Leaf-toed Gecko Mediterranean Gecko

IGUANIDAE (Iguanids) Desert Iguana Common Chuckwalla Zebra-tailed Lizard Colorado Desert Fringe-toed Lizard CoachellaValley Fringe-toed Lizard Mojave Fringe-toed Lizard Desert Collared Lizard Long-nosed Leopard Lizard Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard Desert Spiny Lizard Granite Spiny Lizard Western Fence Lizard Sagebrush Lizard Side-blotched Lizard Long-tailed Brush Lizard Tree Lizard Small-scaled Lizard Banded Rock Lizard Coast Horned Lizard

San Diego Horned Lizard California Horned Lizard

Desert Horned Lizard Short-horned Lizard Flat-tailed Horned Lizard

XANTUSIIDAE (Night Lizards) Granite Night Lizard

Sandstone Night Lizard Desert Night Lizard

Gopherus (Xerobates) agassizii CT, FT

Chelonia mydas FT + Caretta caretta FT + Lepidochelys olivacea FT + Eretmochelys imbricata FE +

Dermochelys coriacea FE +

Trionyxspiniferus I

Coleonyx variegatus Coleonyx switaki CT Phyllodactylusxanti Hemidactylus turcicus I

Dipsosaurus dorsalis Sauromalus obesus Callisaurus draconoides Uma notata SC Uma inornata CE, FT Uma scoparia SC Crotaphytus insularis Gambelia wislizenii Gambelia silus CE, FE, CP Sceloporus magister Sceloporus orcutti Sceloporus occidentalis Sceloporusgraciosus Uta stansburiana Urosaurus graciosus Urosaurus ornatus Urosaurus microscutatus Petrosaurus mearnsi Phrynosoma coronatum

P. c. blainvillei SC P. c. frontale SC

Phrynosomaplatyrhhos Phrynosoma douglassii Phrynosoma mcallii SC . Xantusia henshawi

X. h. gracilis SC Xantusia vigilis

Roberson, D. 1989. News from the California Bird Records Committee. Western Birds 20:269-276.

Shapovalov, L., A.J. Cordone, and W.A. Dill. 198 1 . A list of the freshwater and anadromous fishes of California. Calif. Fish and Game 67:4-38.

Stebbins, R.C. 1985. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Second Edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 336 pp.

Williams, D.F. 1979. Checklist of California mammals. Annals of Carnegie Museum 48:425-433.

Williams, D.F. 1986. Mammalian Species of Special Concern in California California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, Wildlife Management Division Admistrative Report 86- 1 .

Some authors place banded geckos in the family Eublepharidae (Eyelid Geckos)i

CHECK-LIST OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS 1 1 1

NAMING CONVENTIONS AND STATUS

Amphibians and Reptiles

There are a number of formal lists of amphibians and reptiles that can be used to standardize the nomenclature of these species. Collins et al. (1978,1982) and Collins (1990) attempted to provide a standard list of amphibians and reptiles for North America. Although the Collins (1990) list is quite recent, many of the naming conventions for vernacular and scientific names are not well accepted by herpetologists, especially in the western United States (e.g., see Stebbins 1985, Jennings 1988). Jennings (1987) produced a comprehensive list of species and subspecies found in California; however, genera, species, and subspecies are organized alphabetically rather than in a phylogenetic order. Stebbins (1985), in the most recent update of his field guide to western amphibians and reptiles, organized the species list phylogenetically. We followed the order set forth by Stebbins (1985) and used Jennings (1987) as an additional source for species found in California. We prefer and generally used the scientific names from Stebbins (1985) but have also included names from Jennings (1987) where appropriate.

Names and relationships of amphibians and reptiles are currently undergoing many changes as new information accumulates. As an example, the genus Batr-achoseps is currently under intense study and changes in the list of species of this genus may occur in the next several years. Thus, the nomenclature of these groups is relatively unstable. We have taken a conservative approach when applying names to these species, and it is clear that a revision of these taxa will be necessary in a relatively short time.

Names of amphibians and reptiles considered by the Federal government to be Threatened or Endangered are taken from the Code of Federal Regulations (50 CFR 17.1 1); whereas those listed by the State of California are from the California Administrative Code (Title 14, Section 670.5) (see also CDF&G 1991a, 1991h for a complete listing of these species). Amphibians and reptiles currently listed as California Fully Protected are from the Fish and Game Code of California (Section 5050); Amphibians and Reptiles of Special Concern are taken from CDF&G (1991h).

Birds

We based the organization and nomenclature for species of birds and higher taxa on the work of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) Committee on Classification and Nomenclature (AOU 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1989); names for subspecies are from the Fifth Edition of the AOU Check-list of North American Birds (1957). Binford (1986) provided the most recent list of birds found in California, and Roberson (1986, 1989), Dunn (1988), Patten (1991) and Don Roberson (pers. comm.) provided us with additional information from recent decisions of the California Bird Record Committee. Our list differs slightly from that of Binford

110 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME

grouped into or split out of other species; names, especially scientific names, have changed; and species and subspecies have been added to the various California and Federal lists of Threatened and Endangered species and California Species of Special Concern. Our list, then, is a revision intended to bring the Laudenslayer and Grenfell (1983) list up to date (as of July 1991). Because knowledge of the systematic relationships of animals is always changing and additional species are being added to the list of California's fauna, it is likely that this list will be out-of-date in a relatively short time. Therefore, this list should be considered a working list, and it will be necessary to initiate a process to issue updates periodically.

OBJECTIVES

The purposes of this list are to (1) provide users with a list of amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal species that can be found in California and adjacent waters, (2) promote standardized usage of vernacular and scientific names for these species, and (3) identify those species and subspecies that currently appear on various California and Federal lists of species with special legal status. The list includes those introduced species that are relatively widespread in the State. We did not include those species that formerly existed within the borders of California and are now extinct.

Because, for some species, a number of vernacular names may exist (e.g., see Banks 1988), we have provided alternative names for some species; our preferred name is the first presented. We have also included alternative scientific names for those species that are undergoing taxonomic revision. As with vernacular names, our preferred name is the first presented. We have attempted to place species in phylogenetic order to illustrate potential relationships, recognizing that such relationships are not very well known for many taxa and are subject to change as more is learned about phylogenetic relationships.

The various California and Federal lists of species that have legal status or are of concern are also continually changing. We have incorporated the most recent information available. We differ from the current California list of species of Special Concern because we have used the subspecies names from the original publications (Remsen 1978, Williams 1986) that describe why each taxon was of concern rather than merely listing the species name.

We hope that this list will help standardize species names and improve communications about wildlife issues in California. We recommend that, as new information becomes available, this list be reexamined periodically and, if appropriate, updated.

REPRINT FROM CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME Calif. Fish and Game 77(3):109-141 1991

A CHECK-LIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS OF CALIFORNIA

WILLIAM F. LAUDENSLAYER, JR.' Pacific Southwest Research Station

USDA Forest Service 2081 E. Sierra Ave.

Fresno, California 9371 0

WILLIAM E. GRENFELL, JR. Wildlife Management Division

California Department of Fish and Game 141 6 Ninth St.

Sacramento, California 9581 4

and

DAVID C. ZEINER Wildlife Management Division

California Department of Fish and Game 1701 Nimbus Rd.

Rancho Cordova, California 95670

The following is a check-list of the species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals found in California and adjacent off-shore waters. The list is presented, to the extent possible, in phylogenetic order and includes vernacular and scientific names for each species. Information is also provided on the legal status of those species and subspecies that appear on California and Federal lists of Threatened and Endangered species. California Species of Special Concern (an informal designation used by the California Department of Fish and Game) are also included in the list. Subspecies are included in this check-list only when they appear on any of the preceding lists. This list includes 933 species representing 438 genera and 126 families.

INTRODUCTION

Although lists of species for various classes of vertebrates exist for California (e.g., Williams 1979, Shapovalov et al. 1981, Jennings 1983, 1987, Binford 1986), until 1983, there was no recent, combined list of the species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals for the State (Laudenslayer and Grenfell 1983). However, animals and their names do not remain static. Since 1983, a number of species, principally birds, have been added to the list of California's fauna; species have been ,

'Mailing address: PSW, Tahoe National Forest, 631 Coyote St., P.O. Box 6003, Nevada City, California 95959-6003

109 /