Kozhikode , KeralaFarhana.k

2120200095

Sem-5,3rd year

B.Planning

SPA Vijayawada

Kozhikode Kozhikode (Calicut) is a city in the state of Kerala

in southern India on the Malabar coast.

It has an elevation of 1 metre (3 ft) along the coast with the city's eastern edges rising to at least 15 metre.

District has three distinct regions –

Sandy coastal belt

Rocky highlands formed by the hilly portion of the Western Ghats

Lateritic midland.

Three National High ways NH-17, NH-212 and NH 213 passes through the District.

Source: RTPO Kozhikode

NH 17 (77 km-North South direction)

• Connects the District with major cities of Mangalore and Kochi

NH 212 (55 Km-East direction)

• Connects Mysore and Bangalore

NH 213 (2.5Km within the City)

• Connects City with Chennai and Coimbatore

Sangam Age-Calicut District formed part of the Chera Empire

9th century-Calicut became a part of the Second Chera Empire

Area came under the Kolarthiris, rulers of Polanad

Kingdom got divided to Nadus

Fort was built as an outlet to sea

How the city evolved?1615-British reached

Calicut under Captain William

keeling and concluded a treaty of trade

1766-The Mysore intervention led to the virtual end of the Zamorin

rule1757-Mysore intervention started

under Hyder Ali1766-1792 -Tipu ceded Malabar to East India

Company

Treaty of sri rengapatnam,

Malabar became part of madras

presidency

Calicut’s functioning as a port ended

and port shifted to

cochin.

1956-Malabar District was

combined with the state of

Travancore and Cochin to form the

new state of Kerala

1498-Vasco da Gama reached the outer roads of Calicut and anchored at Kappad

Zamorian started engaging in war with Dutch

Calicut evolved due to its port activities, due to which settlements were formed near velliyangady(core area). Later, commercial activities started replacing trade and port activity.

And after post-independence, Kozhikode as a district came into existence on 1st January,1957, where it initially had 5 taluks (ernad, tirur, quilandy, badakara and Kozhikode) and later changed to 3 taluks (quilandy, badakara and Kozhikode) in 1980.

Calicut is now developing as a IT sector and the rivers are used for strengthening.

Calicut is a city with high potential as it has gov institutions like IIM, NIT, Med. College,etc.

Population Trends and Urbanization Kozhikode city alone accounts for 40% of the

urban population in the District.

According to 2011 Census;

Population of Kozhikode District : 3,086,293

Total Area of Kozhikode District : 2345 Sq Km

Population Density: 1316 persons per Sq Km

Population under MC : 432,097

Area under MC: 82.68 Sq km

Population Density (MC): 5226 persons per Sq Km

Calicut is 38.25% urbanized

Literacy Rate: 95.08%

Sex Ratio: 1098 females per 1000 males

WPR: 27.8 %Source: RTPO Kozhikode

Economic DevelopmentSectoral Growth

Kozhikode District with 8% of the State’s population makes a 12% contribution to the State’s income.

Average annual growth rate in the secondary sector for Kozhikode District is equal to that of the State AAGR (at 2.8%); average annual growth for the District’s tertiary sector is marginally greater than for the State.

Tertiary sector contribution to the District economy is high at 60% of the total NDP, and of State is 58%.

Average Household Size : 5

Contribution to GDP (%):1999-03 2003-06 2006-09 2009-12

Primary 24.7 19.8 16.9 15.4

Secondary 20.2 22.4 23.9 24.5

Tertiary 55.1 57.9 59.3 60.2

Total 100 100 100 100

Source: KSUDP Report

Religion Composition Religious Demographics

Religion % of District population

Hindus 58.79

Muslims 38.37

Christians 2.7

Jains 0.06

Source: Details for 'Kozhikode Urban' retrieved from Census of India

Caste Population (%)

Brahmins 1.4

Nayars 25.4

Tiyya 27.3

Other Hindus 17.2

Muslims 23.3

Christians 1.2

Tribals and others

4.2

Brahm

ins

Nayar

s

Tiyy

a

Other

Hindu

s

Mus

lims

Christia

ns

Tribals an

d ot

hers

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1.4

25.4 27.3

17.2

23.3

1.24.2

Population (%)

58.79

38.37

2.70.06

% of District population

Hindus

Muslims

Christians

Jains

Population Growth and ProjectionsYear Population

1991 419,830

2001 436,530

2011 454,000

2021 472,000

2031 490,000

380000

400000

420000

440000

460000

480000

500000

419830

436530

454000

472000

490000Population Projection

Population1991 2021 20312001 2011 Source: RTPO Kozhikode

Unit 1971-81 1981-91 1991-2001

Kozhikode District

Total Urban Total Urban Total Urban

23.25 5.67 16.69 64.61 9.87 9.6

Population Growth Rate(%)

Source: RTPO Report

Source: RTPO Report

Year

Housing

Housing Typology :

42% of all households in the city live in individual houses.

Only 3% of the poor live in independent houses; 58% of the poor reside in row houses and on average 38% of the poor reside in slums.

Ownership of houses:

Among the poor categories, the average house ownership is 66%; 95% of the total LIG people have their own houses.

The MIG and HIG respondents own 94% and 96%, respectively.

80%

20%

Ownership

Owned Rented

Source: KSUDP Report

Land use

Land Use Area in Sq Km

Land Use(%)

Residential Area 44.03 52.27

Commercial Area 1.22 1.45

Industrial Area 3.79 4.50

Public and Semi-public Area

14.28 16.95

Transportation Area

0.64 0.76

Agriculture 1.87 2.21

Water Course 11.17 13.26

Parks and open Spaces

7.24 8.60

Total 100 100The land use pattern indicates that 52.27% of the total developed area is under residential use. The present high percentage of land use for residential area is due to the local preferences for low-rise/low density housing.

Source: RTPO Kozhikode

Activity Pattern in Calicut

From the activity pattern observed, it is seen that LSGs near to the first order settlement (Kozhikode Corporation and the existing statutory urban areas of the District) is the centre of tertiary activities.

Primary activities is concentrated mainly in the mid land portion of the District.

Source: RTPO,Kozhikode

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESWater Supply

Kerala Water Authority adopted an average per-capita demand supply of 200 Lpcd for major urban areas, 135 Lpcd for peri-urban areas and 100 Lcpd in rural areas.

Supply rate: 200 Lpcd where sewerage planned,135 Lpcd in semi urban and 100 Lpcd in rural areas.

Water production: 282 MLD

Sanitation and Sewerage

Consists of individual septic tanks generally in middle and high income residential areas, and shallow pit latrines generally in areas with low-income groups.

Sullage is discharged into roadside drains, Conolly Canal, Arabian Sea.

Storm water Drainage

Natural drains exist that act as secondary outlet to Arabian Sea and Conolly Canal.

About 40% of the existing roads in the MC area have side drains and 30% of the existing drains are covered.

Solid Waste Management

Physical Composition of Solid Waste in Kozhikode:

Daily Waste Generation: 13 MT

Primary Collection is done by Kudumbasree in all the wards.

Secondary collection is done by Dumper Vehicles.

Processing of waste is done at the Njelliyamparamba disposal site in Cheruvannur Panchayat, which is 8km from the city centre and situated along National Highway 17.

Treatment of waste is done in mechanical windrow aerobic compost plant of capacity 272 MTPD

The rejects of the treatment plant are disposed of in the adjacent open dumping ground.

Sl No.

Category Net Weight (%)

1 Bio-Degradable 75

2 Recyclable- Paper, Plastic, Metal, Rubber, glass

15

3 Inert 10

Roads and Transportation

With 83-sq.km area, Kozhikode city has a road network of 723 km of which nearly 57% is surfaced. The road density is 8.7 km per sq. km area.

Road surface face issues like cracks and pot holes and foot path are inadequate or absent in most of the regions.

Key Issues Informal Development in Fringe Area

Lack of Infrastructure

Shelter

Poor Management of Water Bodies/Tanks

Degradation of mangroves

Lack of co-ordination in departments