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E-Learning: Issues Related to Content Designing and Standards

Dr.Lalitha PoluruLibrarianInstitute of Pharmacy, Nirma University

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Why e-learning?

• According to the attitudes of 21st Century

Learners

• Also teaching performance in the online

environment is easily monitored, and

course-by-course contracting creates

Darwinian incentive to improve.

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Impact of e-learning

E-learning facilitates:

Collaborative learning

Integrative Learning

24 X 7 Learning

With an outcome of

Creative Learners with Self Study (paving way to healthy

research and innovations)

Teachers as facilitators – with a role to educate not to

teach

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Major e-learning initiatives in India

• National Task Force on Information Technology & Software

• Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)

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Major e-learning initiatives in India

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Content Designing

Comprises Four Components: Context

Activity

Challenge and

Feedback

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Content Designing

Context

Build anticipation of outcomes Make the context appealing

Using a strong storyline, perhaps with suspense, unusual, humour, or drama

Employing fascinating media with unusual perspectives, imagery sounds, and/or animation.

Providing imagery for concepts and/ or performance consequences

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Content Designing

Challenge Put the learner at risk Select the right content for each learner

Providing mnemonics or having learners develop their own

Demonstrating successful techniques Allowing learners to do something they wouldn’t

ordinarily be able to do and to undertake bigger and bigger challenges that require learners to apply more of their skills

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Activity

Have the learner perform multi step tasks

Having learners express what they have learned

through different channels

Providing sufficient practice that is spaced up to

the point of matching the spacing that occurs on

the job

Content Designing

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Content Designing

Feedback

Provide intrinsic feedback

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Characters of Learning Objects

Reusability

Accessibility

Portability

Interoperability

Durability

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Importance of Standards

Platform Free

Achieve interoperability between tools &

systems for supporting

Portability

Reusability

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Standards

• International Standard Organization (ISO);

• IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC);

• European Centre of Normalization (CEN);

• IMS (IMS Global Learning, Inc.);

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Standards

• Aviation Industry CBT Committee (AICC):

• Alliance for Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe (ARIADNE); and

• Advanced Distributed Learning

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Standards

Tin Cap API is next generation SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) with new capabilities:

Taking e-learning outside the web browser

E-learning in native mobile application

More control over learning content

Solid security using Oauth (open standard for

Authorization)

Ability to track games and simulations

Ability to track real world performances

Team based e-learning

Tracking learning plans & goals

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Suggestions

Establishment of Indian Council for Online learning as a statutory body to:

Develop a national distributed repository of learning objects

Maintain standard of online learningCoordinate and promote online learningAccreditation of online learning Portals for life long

learning

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Suggestions

Establishment of a “e-learning Consortium” including member educational institutions to offer e-learning programmes without duplicating efforts

Develop facilities for online training of teachers and administrators

Facilitate development of small learning objects by teachers

-Sanjay Mishra

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Current Trends

• Sharing & Reusing the Learning

Objects

• Linking Learning Objects

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)

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Current Trends - MOOC

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Peter Ducker predicted that

“Universities won’t survive….. as residential institutions”

Quoted from the Guardian, April 13, 2004

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In future, we may be surprised to see certain ads:

….. you can start your college degree now, taking online courses that will make you feel like you are on facebook instead of sitting in a classroom, listening to a lecture or reading a text book.

Your decision about when and where to study doesn’t have to be all-or-nothing, every semester you can choose whether you want to study at home or at college, you can also take any semester off for an internship or a vacation.

You can customize your courses to fit your preferred learning style; most of our courses come in three varieties: fully face to face, fully online, or a mix of the two, a ‘hybrid’ that meets less often that the traditional face-to-face course.

-Christensen, C.M., & Eyring, H.J. (2011). Innovative University: Changing the DNA of Higher Education from the Inside out. USA: Jossey-Bass.

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