C A I T L I N W A G N E RA 1

EUROPEAN VIEWS/ACTIONS ON THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

WHO ARE THE OTTOMAN?

• The Seljuk Empire and Osman I• Mongol disruptions begin their oppression• Nomadic tribes who conquered Constantinople• Islamic empire within Christian Europe• Militarism implied as peculiarly foreign

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

WHAT VIEWS/ACTIONS DID THE OTTOMAN HAVE ON EUROPEANS?

• The escape of Byzantine scholars• Mehmed II and his accomplishments• Dhimmis: People of the Book• Societal commingling and cultural blending

HOW DID THE OTTOMANS JUSTIFY THEIR CONQUERING?

• Ghazi warriors and Islamic Doctrines• Glory praised through Folktales• Equality among Janissaries and Ottomans• Civilized conquering of the Balkans• Uncivilized conquering of the Balkans

WHAT TURNING POINTS CREATED SHIFTS IN EUROPE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE OTTOMANS?

• Tanzimat Decree modernizes the Ottomans• Fifteenth Century brought late crusades• Russo-Turkish War diminishes Ottomans• Pro-Turkish policy on Napoleon’s part• The discovery of the Americas

WHAT LEAD TO THE BERLIN TREATY?

• The “Eastern Question”: War Spoils• Peter I the Great’s dream• The Russo-Turkish war began/ended• The Treaty of Kucuk Kaynarca• The Crimean War and Turkey

WHAT NEGATIVE VIEWS DID EUROPEANS HOLD AGAINST THE OTTOMANS?

• Exotic savages with demonic religion• Nomads plunder so Ottomans plunder• Ottomans were not European (1400s)• Invaders that led to tragedy• The haunting Devshirme principle

WHAT POSITIVE VIEWS DID EUROPEANS HOLD AGAINST THE OTTOMANS?

• Religious tolerance created a “safe place”• Ottomans became friendly administrators • Balkan Trust for Democracy• Studying the proclaimed ‘Ottoman Renaissance’

WHAT BECAME OF THE OTTOMANS?

• WWI brings the Turkish Republic• Mustafa Kemal: founded the Republic• Turkish democracy and the Military• Greek invasion of Turkey 1919• Turkey steps on world stage

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