Cadences

Authentic Cadences

• Authentic CadenceChord progression in some form of V(7)-I or vii-I.

• Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC) • Consists of V-I or (V7-I) progression • Both the V and I in root position. • Soprano in I chord is scale degree 1 (do)

PAC is the most final sounding of all cadences.

Imperfect Authentic Cadences• Imperfect (IAC)

• Any Authentic cadence (V-I) that is not a PAC.

• Root Position IACLike a PAC but with 3 or 5 in the sop of the I chord.

• Inverted IACV(7)-I with either or both of the chords inverted.

• Leading-tone IACSome form of viio-I (viio substitutes for V chord)

Other Cadences• Deceptive (DC)

Results when ear expects a V-I authentic cadence, but hears V-? (usually V-vi).

• Half Cadence (HC)Very common unstable cadence. Ends with V chord.

• Phrygian Half Cadence (PHC)The special name given to iv(6)-V half cadence in MINOR.

• Plagal Cadence (PC) (Amen cadence)Typicaly involves IV-I. Less important in tonal music.

Motives and Phrases

Motives

• The smallest identifiable musical idea.

• Can consist of a pitch pattern, rhythm pattern, or both at the same time.

Phrases

• Phrase – a relatively independent musical idea terminated by a cadence.

• Subphrase – a distinct portion of a phrase. It is not a phrase because it is not terminated by a cadence or because it is too short to be relatively independent.

Period Forms

Phrases are combined to form larger structural units called periods.

Period - Two phrases in an antecedent -consequent relationship.

Antecedent: (Question) – Less conclusive cadenceConsequent: (Answer) – More conclusive cadence

Period Forms (cont.)

• Phrase endings in a period MUST be different.

• Relationship is established by the second phrase ending in a stronger cadence then the first phrase.

Repeated Phrases.

• Both phrases are identical.

• The result is a repeated phrase

• (not a period)

Parallel Period

• Parallel Period- both phrases begin with similar or identical material, even if the material is embellished.

_________Parallel Period_________ _____________ _____________

a a’ HC PAC

Contrasting period

• Contrasting period- a period where the phrase beginnings are not similar.

________Contrasting Period_______ _____________ _____________

a b HC PAC

Three Phrase Period

• Has 3 different phrases

(2 antecedent, 1 consequent) or (1 antecedent and 2 consequent)

Double period

• 4 phrases in 2 pairs. The cadence at end of 2nd pair is stronger than 1st pair.

______Antecedent______ ______Consequent______ (period) (period) _________ _________ _________ _________ phrase phrase phrase phrase

HC PAC, IAC IAC PAC

Double Periods cont.

• A Double Period is either Parallel or Contrasting.

• Parallel: If melodic material that begins the two halves of the double period is similar.

• Contrasting: If melodic material that begins the 2 halves is not similar.

Double Periods cont.

______________Parallel Double Period_______________ _______Antecedent______ _______Consequent_____ __________ __________ _________ __________ a b a b’

HC HC HC PAC

Double Periods cont.

_____________Contrasting Double Period_____________ _______Antecedent______ _______Consequent_____ __________ __________ _________ __________ a b c b’

HC HC HC PAC