CC PHNG PHP LP TRNH NC1NI DUNG NI DUNG Lp trnh NC l g? Lp trnh NC l g? Cc phng php lp trnh NCL t h NC b t Lp trnh NC bng tay Lp trnh NC bng my tnh Lp trnh NC bng tng tc ha Lp trnh NC bng cch ni Lp trnh NC bng cch ni Lp trnh NC kiu MDI2Lp trnh NC l g? Lp trnh NC l g?La thu tuc trong o cac bc cong nghe La thu tuc trong o cac bc cong nghe thc hien tren may NC c thiet ke va c viet thanh van (di dang ma G c viet thanh van (di dang ma G, M, T, S, F, X, Y, Z,). Viec lap trnh gom ca viec uc bang lo (hoac mot kieu thiet ca viec uc bang lo (hoac mot kieu thiet b nhap chng trnh khac) e a chng trnh vao may NC e thc hien chng trnh vao may NC e thc hien viec gia cong.3Cc t lnh trong NC Cc t lnh trong NCN - Th t block NTh t block G- Chuyen ong (preparatory functions)X Y Z Toa o X, Y, Z, - Toa o F Lng an daoS T t S Toc o cat T Dung cu M Ham phu ; (EOB) ket thuc dong lenh4Cc phng php lp trnh NC Cc phng php lp trnh NC Lp trnh NC bng tay Lp trnh NC bng tay Lp trnh NC bng my tnhL t h NC b t t h Lp trnh NC bng tng tc ha Lp trnh NC bng cch ni Lp trnh NC kiu MDI5Lp trnh bng tay Lp trnh bng tay Ngi lap trnh dung mot phieu goi la BanNgi lap trnh dung mot phieu goi la Ban thao chng trnh NC. Cac dong lenh phai c viet that chnh xacCac dong lenh phai c viet that chnh xac v bang lo c hnh thanh trc tiep t ban thao nay thao nay. Tuy theo dang may cong cu va dang bang lo, b h h h kh h ban thao chng co the khac nhau.6Lp trnh bng my tnh Lp trnh bng my tnh Ngi lap trnh nhap chng trnh c viet Ngi lap trnh nhap chng trnh c viet bang APT hoac mot mot ngon ng khac. Thiet b bien dch d lieu nhap se chuyen Thiet b bien dch d lieu nhap se chuyen oi cac lenh c ma hoa cha trong chng trnh thanh dang dung c cho may tnh va g g ychuan b cho qua trnh gia cong tiep theo. Thiet b tnh toan so hoc cua he thong, gom g gbo cac chng trnh, giai cac bai toan e tao ra cac mat cua chi tiet. 7Lp trnh bng my tnhCong viec cua ngi lap trnhLp trnh bng my tnhAPTTram thiet keprogramCong viec cua may tnhBien dch d lieu vaoTnh toanso hocTnh toanoffset daoChng trnh hau 8x lyLp trnh bng my tnh Lam cho chng trnh chung co tnh ac thu e Lp trnh bng my tnhg g thch nghi cho tng loai may rieng biet, phan chng trnh nay goi la chng trnh hau x ly ( t ) (postprocessor). Postprocessor la mot chng trnh may tnh rieng re c viet e tao ra bang lo ma lenh cho tng may c viet e tao ra bang lo, ma lenh cho tng may NC rieng biet, cho tng he ieu khien rieng biet. au ra cua postprocessor la 1 bang NC, chng trnh NC, c viet dang chnh xac cho may ma no s dung.9Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC s khai Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC s khai 1) APT: ( Automatically Programmed Tools) do) : ( y g )MIT phat trien, bat authang 6/1956 va lan au tien c dung cho san xuat vao khoang nam 1959. N d i M th d l No c dung rong rai My, co the dung e lap trnh NC theo v tr va ng cong ti 5X. Cac phien ban cua APT cho cac ng dung rieng re la: p g g g APTTURN ( cho may tien), APTMILL ( cho may phay), APTPOINT(cho cac nguyen cong gia cong theo iem). 10Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC2) ADAPT (Adaptation of APT) Do IBMCac ngon ng lap trnh NC 2) ADAPT (Adaptation of APT). Do IBM thiet ke e dung cho may tnh nho. Do APT ay u oi hoi phai co may tnh ln nen ay u oi hoi phai co may tnh ln nen nhieu khach hang khong dung noi. ADAPT khong manh bang APT nhng co the dung khong manh bang APT nhng co the dung e lap trnh cho may NC kieu iem va ng cong cong.11Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC 3) EXAPT Extended subset of APT, do ngi c Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC 3) , gxay dng t au nhng nam 1964 va da tren ngon ng APT. Co 3 phien ban la: EXAPT 1 Dung cho may phay theo iem va khoanEXAPT 2 Dung cho may tien EXAPT 2 Dung cho may tien EXAPT 3 - Cho cac nguyen cong gia cong theo ng cong ng cong Mot trong nhng ac iem cua EXAPTla t ong toi u hoa toc o cat va lng an dao.12Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC4) UNIAPT - Do United Computing Corp ofCac ngon ng lap trnh NC 4) UNIAPT - Do United Computing Corp. of Carson, California, phat triene dung cho minicomputer cho phep nhieu xng san minicomputer, cho phep nhieu xng san xuatnho co kha nang lap trnh nh may tnh ay la mot phien ban APT han che tnh. ay la mot phien ban APT han che.13Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC5) SPLIT ( Sundstrand Processing LanguageCac ngon ng lap trnh NC 5) SPLIT ( Sundstrand Processing Language Internally Translated). La he thongdung rieng cho cac may cong cu cua hang rieng cho cac may cong cu cua hang Sundstrand. Co the lap chng trnh cho may NC 5 truc loai iem va ng cong ac NC 5 truc loai iem va ng cong. ac iem noi bat cua SPLIT la Postprocessor co san trong chng trnh Moi may NC dung he san trong chng trnh. Moi may NC dung he thong SPLIT rieng, do vay khong can phai co postprocessor chuyen biet14co postprocessor chuyen biet.Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC 6) COMPACT II:Do Manufacturing Data Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC ) gSystems, Inc. ( MDSI) thiet ke, mot hang at c s tai Ann Arbor, Michigan, My, phat trien . Ngon ng nay co nhieu ac iem giong vi SPLIT . MDSIay co eu ac e g o g v S . Sban COMPACT II cho khach hang theo kieu chia se thi gian (Time-sharing). Ngi lap trnh NC dung au noi t xa nap chng trnh cua ho vao 1 dung au noi t xa nap chng trnh cua ho vao 1 trong nhng may tnh cua MDSI, con MDSI th cho ra bang NC. COMPACT II la mot trong nhng ngon ng lap trnh c dung rat rong rai Hang MDSI ng lap trnh c dungrat rong rai. Hang MDSI co ti 3000 cong ty la khach hang s dung he thong cua ho.15Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC 7) PROMPT : Phat trienbi hang Weber N/C Cac ngon ng lap trnh NC ) O : g W N/Csystem, ong Milwaukee, Wilsconsin, c thiet ke e dung cho nhieu loai may NC thong dung nh ti t t i t i may tien, trung tam gia cong, cat gio a va may ot.8) CINTURN II: c phat trien bi hang 8) CINTURN II: c phat trienbi hang Cincinnati Milacrone n gian viec lap trnh cho may tien. S dung rong rai nhat la ngon ng APT, ke ca cac phien ban xuat x t APT (ADAPT, EXAPT, UNIAPT v v )16UNIAPT, v.v.).Lap chng trnh NC vi tng tac o hoa (CAD/CAM) Lap trnh tng tac o hoa la mot trong nhng th p g g gdu tuyet vi ve s tch hp gia CAD va CAM. Cac bc lap trnh c a ra man hnh o hoa cua he thong CAD/CAMbang cach s dung d cua he thongCAD/CAM bang cach s dung d lieu hnh hoc thu c trong qua trnh thiet ke. Ngi lap chng trnh xay dng no bang cac lenh h h cap cao cua he thong. Trong nhieu trng hp ng chay dao c t ong sinh ra bi phan mem CAD/CAM. Ket qua la ong sinh ra bi phan mem CAD/CAM. Ket qua la danh sach cac chng trnh APT hay cac File ve Cutter location (CLFILES) co the c x ly e tao ra chng trnh NC bang lo NC17ra chng trnh NC, bang lo NC. Nhng bc au tien Nhng bc au tien Xac nh hnh hoc tren man hnh vi tnh Xac nh hnh hoc tren man hnh vi tnh He thongCAD/CAM se thc hien viec anh dau cac phan t vi cac lenh n gian s dung bicac p a t v cac e g a du g ngi lap trnh. Sau khi anh dau(goi ten), cac cau lenh hnh hoc(g ), APT co the c tao ra t ong bi he thong Mot khi chi tiet a c xac nh tren man hnh ngi lap trnh co the at bien dang phoi len chi tiet tuy theo so lan gia cong can thiet.18Chon dung cat Chon dung cat Thng he thong CAD/CAMco mot th vien Thng he thong CAD/CAM co mot th vien cac dung cu. Ngi lap trnh co the chon mot trong soNgi lap trnh co the chon mot trong so dung cu o hay tao ra mot dung cu mi bang cach khai cac tham so kch thc cua dung cach khai cac tham so kch thc cua dung cu (ng knh, ban knh goc ln, chieu dai oan cat v v ) oan cat,v.v.).19Tao ng chay dao Tao ng chay dao Phng phap tng tac cho phep ngi lap trnh taog p p g p p g p ra ng chay dao tng bc va kiem tra s ung an tren man hnh. Thu tuc bat au vi viec xac nhiem au tien cua ng chay dao. Ngi lap trnh sau o cho dung cu di chuyen theoNgi lap trnh sau o cho dung cu di chuyen theo hnh dang cua phoi. Khi dung cu gia cong tren man hnh, he thong Khi dung cu gia cong tren man hnh, he thong CAD/CAM se t ong chuan b cac cau lenh chuyen ong ng vi ngon ng APT. 20Tao ng chay dao Tao ng chay dao Phng phap tng tac cho phep ngi lap Phng phap tng tac cho phep ngi lap trnh c hoi chen cac cau postprocssor vao cac iem tng ng trong khi tao ra chngg g g gtrnh. Cac cau lenh postprocssor bao gom cac lenh p p g ve ieu khien may cong cu nh Feed rates, speeds, dung dch Cac chng trnh con t ong c goi vi s tng tac t nhat cua ngi dung.21M phng ng chy dao M phng ng chy dao ha mau cho phep ngi lap trnh de ha mau cho phep ngi lap trnh de dang trong thay s khac nhau gia phoi va dung cu dung cu. Viec mo phong co the thc hien theo nhieu cach: cach: - Chay nhanh - Chay vi toc o hien thi - Chay tng bc 22y gu iem cua CAD/CAM u iem cua CAD/CAM Tiet kiem thi gian xac nh hnh hoc Tiet kiem thi gian xac nh hnh hoc Kiem tra thay ngay (immediate Visual verification).ve cat o ). S dung chng trnh con lap trnh t ong, chu trnh gia cong.g g Tang nang suat lao ong. Tch hp vi cac chc nang lien quan khac: Thiet Tch hp vi cac chc nang lien quan khac: Thiet ke dung cu, lap ke hoach gia cong, nhom hoa cac chi tiet e gia cong theo cong nghe nhom v.v.23Lap trnh bang giong noi : VNC (Voice NC) Dung li noi e giao tiep vi may Dung li noi e giao tiep vi may, VNC cho phep ngi lap trnh khoi phai viet chng trnh bang tay, go ch hay kiem tra bangc g t a g tay, go c ay e t a a gtay. Cong ty chuyen dung cach lap chng trnh nay lag y y g p g ytap oan Threshold Technology Delran, New Jersey. e thc hien viec lap trnh bang VNC, ngi van hanh noi vao micro c thiet ke ac biet e giam i 24tieng onLap trnh bang giong noi : VNC Dung t n gian vi cac t nh Turn, Thread, (Voice NC)g g , ,Mill line cung vi so e am bao cac d lieu kch thc va toa o. Trc khi he thong VNC c s dung no phaiTrc khi he thong VNC c s dung, no phai c huan luyen e nhan ra va chap nhan tieng noi cua ca nhan ngi lap trnh. N i l h khi h i i i 5 l Ngi lap trnh khi tap phai noi ti 5 lan e am bao 1 tap tham chieu ve giong noi ma sau o no phai so sanh khi lap trnh. Toan bo t ien cua he thong Threshold co nhng 100 t. Nhieu chng trnh NC ch can dung 20 t la u.25Lap trnh bang giong noi : VNC Khi noi ngi lap trnh phai ngan cach cac t bang (Voice NC)g p p g gnhng oan ngh. Thi gian ngh gia cac t vao khoang 1/10 giay hoac dai hn hoac dai hn. Viec nay cho phep he thong nhan dien tieng noi co the phan biet bien o cua lenh noi va so sanh ac h h h i h l h tnh am thanh vi t c nh trong tap lenh cua no. Toc o noi vao khoang 70 t/phut. Khi cac t c Toc o noi vao khoang 70 t/phut. Khi cac t c noi ra, man hnh trc ngi lap trnh kiem tra moi lenh cua ngi van hanh va nhac nh ngi van hanh nhng lenh can phai thc hien tiep theo26hanh nhng lenh can phai thc hien tiep theo.Th du VNC Th du VNC e xac nh mot ng tron, cuoc oi thoai gia ngi va may co dang t h ( i t h h CRT) ac trng nh sau (c goi ra tren man hnh CRT) Programmer : Define System : DEFINITION TYPEProgrammer : CIRCLE Programmer: CIRCLE System : CIRCLE# = Programmer: Three System : CENTER PT X = y Programmer :Five decimal three one, Go System :Y= Programmer :Two Decimal Four Seven Five, Go System : CW/ CCW Programmer: Counterclockwise Khi chng trnh a c lap va kiem tra, he thong se chuan b cho ra bang uc lo e gia cong27bang uc lo e gia cong.u iem cua VNC u iem cua VNC Tiet kiem thi gian lap trnh, do o giam c thi gian chu ky san xuat c thi gian chu ky san xuat. Thi gian lap trnh co the giam en 50%.28Manual Data Input - MDI Manual Data InputMDI Ngi lap trnh nhap lenh trc tiep tren man Ngi lap trnh nhap lenh trc tiep tren man hnh CRT cua may NC v the khong can phai uc bang lo uc bang lo. Viec lap trnh do ngi van hanh lam. h b kh He thong NC c trang b kha nang MDI co trang b may tnh (micro computer) lam thiet b i khi b ieu khien.29Manual Data Input - MDI Manual Data InputMDI c thiet ke e n gian viec lap trnh gia cong c thiet ke e n gian viec lap trnh gia cong No oi hoi ngi lap trnh phai biet chi tiet ve qua trnh gia cong, e viet chng trnh theo ung trnht g a co g, e v et c g t t eo u g tt cua no. Ve c ban ngi van hanh phai co kha nang ocg p g ban ve ky thuat va hieu biet ve cong nghe. Khong nhat thiet phai qua mot ky ao tao cang thang ve lap trnh NC.30u iem cua MDI: u iem cua MDI: n gian n gian Khong can may uc bang lo von at tien va chiem mat bang chiem mat bang Nhng c s nho e dang da vao s dung cac may CNC31Han che cua MDI: Han che cua MDI: Chng trnh phai ngan gon, chi tiet phai n gian,C g p g g , p g , Do man hnh nho (22-25 dong), ngi lap trnh kho kiem tra chng trnh. Khong hieu qua neu lap trnh e gia cong cac chi tiet phc tap. D i h i l h l Dung mot may rat at tien e cho viec lap trnh la mot ieu lang ph. e nang hieu qua s dung co the va gia cong vae nang hieu qua s dung co the va gia cong, va lap trnh e gia cong chi tiet mi. o la lam viec che o hau trng (BACKGROUND MODE).32