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37

Mt s bin phaacutep nacircng cao cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten ca sinhviecircn khoa Ngocircn ng vagrave Văn hoacutea Trung Quc Trư ng i hc

Ngoi ng - i hc Quc gia Hagrave Ni

Lecirc Xuacircn Tho

Khoa Ngocircn ng vagrave V ăn hoacutea Trung Qu c Tr ư ng i hc Ngoi ng i hc Qu c gia Hagrave N i

Phm V ăn ng C u Gi y Hagrave N i Vit Nam

Nhn bagravei ngagravey 6 thaacuteng 12 năm 2011

Chnh sa ngagravey 11 thaacuteng 7 năm 2012 Chp nhn ăng ngagravey 6 thaacuteng 11 năm 2013

Toacutem tt Dy hc vit ch Haacuten lagrave mt b phn ca dy hc ch Haacuten Vit ch Haacuten quy phm lagrave

yecircu cu cn t ư c ca vic hc ch Haacuten Hin nay nhiu sinh viecircn Khoa Ngocircn ng vagrave Văn hoacutea

Trung Quc Trư ng i hc Ngoi ng - HQGHN vit ch Haacuten khocircng uacuteng quy phm vagrave iu

oacute nh hư ng khocircng tt n cht lư ng hc ch Haacuten ting Haacuten Bagravei vit nagravey xut mt s bin

phaacutep v phươ ng phaacutep dy - hc vagrave t chc dy ndash hc vit ch Haacuten nhm nacircng cao cht lư ng vit

ch Haacuten ca sinh viecircn Khoa Ngocircn ng vagrave Văn hoacutea Trung Quc Trư ng i hc Ngoi ng -

HQGHN

T khoacutea Vit ch Haacuten neacutet ch Haacuten k t cu ch Haacuten ch Haacuten

1 t vn

Ch Haacuten lagrave loi văn t biu yacute kiecircm biu acircm

ư c cu to bng caacutec neacutet mi ch ư c vit

trong mt ocirc vuocircng Theo骆 小 所 [1] ch Haacuten

thuc loi văn t khoacute c khoacute nh khoacute vit

Qua thc t nhiu năm ging dy chuacuteng tocirci

thy mt trong nhng im yu ca a s sinh

viecircn Khoa Ngocircn ng vagrave Văn hoaacute Trung Quc

Trư ng i hc Ngoi ng - HQGHN lagrave vit

ch Haacuten khocircng t yecircu cu Coacute sinh viecircn vit

ldquoneacutet khocircng ra neacutetrdquo necircn ldquoch cũng khocircng ra

_______ T 84-912750176

E-mail lexthao98yahoocomvn

chrdquo Coacute sinh viecircn vit ư c neacutet ch t yecircu

cu song k t cu ch khocircng cht ch ch

khocircng cacircn i Ch Haacuten khocircng quy phm vit

xu vit sai coacute nh hư ng khocircng tt n cht

lư ng hc ch Haacuten noacutei riecircng vagrave cht lư ng hc

ting Haacuten noacutei chung V i sinh viecircn h sư phm

vit ch Haacuten khocircng quy phm vit xu khocircng

ch nh hư ng n cht lư ng hc ting Haacuten

hin ti magrave cograven nh hư ng rt l n n cht

lư ng dy hc ting Haacuten sau nagravey Mun vit

ư c ch Haacuten theo quy phm ngoagravei vic phi

nm vng caacutec kin thc cơ bn v ch Haacuten vagrave

phi nh ch cograven phi coacute k ĩ năng vit ch Bagravei

vit nagravey necircu mt s bin phaacutep v phươ ng phaacutep

dy hc vagrave t chc dy hc vit ch nhm nacircng

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983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151983086 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 98309198309598308598309298309238

cao cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten ca sinh viecircn Khoa

Ngocircn ng vagrave Văn hoacutea Trung Quc Trư ng i

hc Ngoi ng - HQGHN

2 Phươ ng phaacutep dy hc vit ch Haacuten

21 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t caacutec neacutet ch Haacuten

Neacutet ch Haacuten lagrave ơ n v cu thagravenh nh nht

ca ch Haacuten ư c biu hin bng caacutec ư ng

vch [2]) Do ch Haacuten coacute k t cu khaacutec nhau

necircn caacutec neacutet cũng ư c th hin khaacutec nhau cugraveng

mt neacutet nhưng trong caacutec ch coacute k t cu khaacutec

nhau ư c biu hin bng caacutec dng khaacutec nhau

Vigrave th luyn tp vit ch Haacuten phi bt u t

vic luyn vit caacutec neacutet ch Neacutet ch vit uacuteng

hay sai vit p hay xu u trc tip nh

hư ng n cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten

Khi vit caacutec neacutet phi nm ư c c im

ca neacutet oacute Da vagraveo c im caacutec neacutet 丁 永 康

[3] phacircn thagravenh caacutec loi sau

- Neacutet th ng neacutet cong vagrave neacutet g p

Neacutet thng Ngang（ 横 ） 一 S（ 竖 ） ㄧ

Khi vit caacutec neacutet nagravey phi vit sao cho neacutet thng

phi thng như s i dacircy keacuteo căng nhưng khocircng

cng

Neacutet cong trograven Phy（ 撇 ） ノ 丿 Maacutec （

捺 ） Cong moacutec（ 钩 ） 亅 Neacutet cong

gp S cong（ 竖 弯 ）

S cong moacutec（

竖 弯 钩 ） 乚

Neacutet gp Ngang gp （ 横 折 ） S

gp（

竖 折 ） ∟

Khi vit neacutet cong phi cong

như caacutenh cung nhưng khocircng yu neacutet cong gp

ch cong coacute gp ch gp coacute cong

- Neacutet dagravei vagrave ng n Noacutei neacutet dagravei hay ngn lagrave

noacutei trong s so saacutenh ca cugraveng mt loi neacutet

dagravei ngn nagravey lagrave do cu to ca ch quyt nh

Neacutet ngang Ngang ngn （ 短 横 ） 一

Ngang dagravei（ 长 横 ） 一

Neacutet s S ngn（

短 竖 ） ㄧ

S dagravei（

长 竖 ） ㄧ

Neacutet phy Phy ngn （ 短 撇 ） ノ Phy

dagravei（ 长 撇 ） ノ

Khi vit caacutec neacutet nagravey phi xaacutec nh ư c v triacute dagravei ngn ca neacutet trong ch vit cho

phugrave h p

- Neacutet m vagrave thanh ( nh vagrave to) Neacutet m

hay thanh lagrave do khi vit nhn ngogravei buacutet mnh

hay nh Neacutet ngang vagrave neacutet s khi t buacutet vit vagrave

trư c khi nhc buacutet thigrave nhn buacutet mnh hơ n neacutet

ch m hơ n khi ưa buacutet thigrave nhn nh hơ n neacutet

ch thanh hơ n一

Nhng neacutet coacute dng nhn

như neacutet phy maacutec moacutec vagrave ht khi t buacutet vagrave

ưa buacutet nhn buacutet mnh hơ n neacutet ch m khi

k t thuacutec neacutet thigrave nhc dn buacutet neacutet ch thanh vagrave

nhn dn ノ 亅

- Neacutet ng vagrave nghiecircng Neacutet ng hay

nghiecircng lagrave do s thay trng thaacutei ca neacutet Cugraveng

mt neacutet nhưng caacutec ch coacute k t cu khaacutec nhau

s coacute s thay i trng thaacutei ng hay nghiecircng

khaacutec nhau ch ư c cacircn i Như Neacutet phy

trong ch 人 ( reacuten ) vit thagravenh neacutet phy

nghiecircngノ

Neacutet phy trong ch 月

( yuegrave )

vit thagravenh neacutet phy ng 丿

Khi vit mi neacutet ch u coacute ba bư c

- t buacutet t buacutet nh hoc nhn mnh

- ư a buacutet ưa buacutet hơ i nh neacutet vit hoc

thng hoc cong hoc gp

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- Nh c buacutet Nhc buacutet hoc nhn mnh hoc

nhc nh dn to thagravenh neacutet (coacute u) nhn

t buacutet ưa buacutet Nhc buacutet

Nhn mnh Nh tay Nhn mnh Neacutet ch vit ra va phi cng va phi

mm Neacutet ngang neacutet s phi bng phi thng

neacutet cong phi cong u như caacutenh cung neacutet cong

gp phi cong trograven t nhiecircn

Phi xaacutec nh uacuteng v triacute t buacutet Trư c khi

t buacutet phi xaacutec nh uacuteng v triacute t buacutet ca neacutet

oacute ng th i cũng phi xaacutec nh ư c higravenh thaacutei

(dagravei ngn thng nghiecircng) vagrave thanh m

ca neacutet trong ch oacute

Viacute d

Vit neacutet ngang dagravei （ 长 横 ） t buacutet hơ i

mnh ưa buacutet sang phi hơ i hư ng lecircn trecircn vagrave

nh khi nhc buacutet hơ i hư ng xung dư i n nh

C neacutet trng thaacutei becircn traacutei thp becircn phi cao

vagrave phn cui neacutet hơ i truacutec xung一

Vit neacutet chm phi （ 右 点 ） t buacutet nh

ưa buacutet sang becircn phi xung dư i vagrave nhn

mnh dn to thagravenh neacutet hơ i cong lưng v becircn

phi ri nhc buacutet Vit neacutet chm iu quan

trng lagrave ch phi coacute quaacute trigravenh ưa buacutet ndash khaacutec

v i vit du chm丶

T caacutech vit caacutec neacutet ta coacute th thy quy lut

ưa buacutet ca caacutec neacutet thocircng thư ng caacutec neacutet

ngang s phy t buacutet hơ i mnh tay caacutec neacutet

chm maacutec t buacutet hơ i nh tay ch gp hơ idng buacutet hơ i nhn buacutet neacutet ht vagrave moacutec luacutec u

hơ i dng buacutet mnh tay cagraveng v sau cagraveng nh

tay vagrave nhanh to thagravenh neacutet nhn neacutet maacutec vagrave

phy khi nhc buacutet to thagravenh neacutet nhn

22 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t ch c th

Ch c th lagrave loi ch coacute k t cu ơ n gin

(c th) Kt cu ca ch c th coacute liecircn quanmt thit v i caacutec neacutet ca ch Coacute ngư i noacutei ldquoneacutet

sinh k t curdquo chiacutenh lagrave noacutei neacutet lagrave cơ s ca k t

cu k t cu khocircng th taacutech r i neacutet Chiacutenh vigrave th

khi vit ch khocircng ch phi chuacute yacute n k ĩ thut

vit caacutec neacutet magrave cograven phi chuacute yacute n higravenh thaacutei th

hin caacutec neacutet oacute trong tng ch c th

- K t c u ca ch c th

Mun vit ư c ch c th trư c tiecircn phi

nm ư c k t cu ca ch c th Theo丁 永 康

[3] k t cu ca ch c th coacute th chia thagravenh

caacutec loi sau Ch ly neacutet ngang lagravem ch 工

十 上 Ch ly neacutet s lagravem ch 千

午 甲

Ch ly neacutet phy maacutec lagravem ch

八

丈 木 Ch ly neacutet s moacutec lagravem ch 寸

我 事 Ch nhiu neacutet ngang

三 互 年

Ch nhiu neacutet s川 井 并

Ch nhiu neacutet

phy 禾 父 失 Ch nhiu neacutet chm兰

六 共 Ch thiecircn v nh

口 夕 刀 Ch

thiecircn v to人 尺 之

Ch vuocircng南

而 回 Ch thiecircn v dagravei 了 月 自 Ch

thiecircn v dt二 心 血

Ch hơ i nghiecircng

气 戈 飞

- Yecircu cu v k t c u khi vi t ch c th

Vit ch c th phi ngang bng s thng

trng tacircm n nh 干 年 半 Phy maacutec vư-

ơ n dagravei gi ư c cacircn bng米 未 衣

Ngang

s cacircn bng mau thưa cacircn i 具 真 甲

Xaacutec nh neacutet chiacutenh nm vng trng tacircm

土 左 我 Neacutet ch hocirc ng higravenh ch sinh

ng

23 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t b th

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B th lagrave b phn cu thagravenh ch cũng lagrave

mc tra ch Khi vit b th cũng cn chuacute yacute

t i v triacute ca b th trong ch b th becircn traacutei

b th becircn phi b th u ch b th aacutey

ch Ch c th khi lagravem thiecircn bagraveng (b th)

neacutet vagrave higravenh th ch s coacute mt s thay i

nhưng cugraveng mt b th trong nhng ch h pth coacute cugraveng k t cu thigrave caacutech vit cơ bn ging

nhau Vigrave th vit p thiecircn bagraveng nht lagrave caacutec

thiecircn bagraveng coacute tn sut t h p ch cao lagrave rt cn

thit

Vit b n （ 女 字 旁 ） Vit neacutet phy

chm phi vit hp (ng) vagrave dagravei neacutet phy th

hai nghiecircng hơ n neacutet phy th nht neacutet ngang

dagravei (ca ch c th 女 ) thagravenh neacutet ht vit

ngang vagrave khocircng ct qua neacutet phy th hai Viacute d

好 妈 姓

Vit b mc（ 木 字 旁 ） Vit neacutet ngang

ngn vit neacutet s thuỳ l ct neacutet ngang gn saacutet

u becircn phi t buacutet ch ct nhau gia hai

neacutet vit neacutet phy ngn t buacutet dư i ch ct

nhau mt chuacutet vit neacutet ch m phi - do neacutet maacutec

ca ch c th 木 bin thagravenh Viacute d 林

树 校

24 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t ch h p th

- K t c u ca ch h p th

Ch h p th lagrave ch coacute k t cu h p th do

hai hay nhiu b kin b th k t h p v i nhau

to thagravenh B th lagrave b kin cơ bn cu thagravenh

ch h p th Cugraveng mt b th nhưng caacutec ch

khaacutec nhau coacute th nhng v triacute khaacutec nhau vagrave

chim mt t l din tiacutech khaacutec nhau trong ch

vigrave th to necircn s a dng v higravenh thc t h p

ca ch h p th Khi vit ch h p th iuquan trng hơ n c lagrave chuacute yacute t l gia caacutec b

phn ca ch sao cho hagravei hoagrave cacircn i 丁 永 康

[3] phacircn k t cu ch h p th thagravenh caacutec loi k t

cu sau

+ Kt cu traacutei phi Ch coacute k t cu traacutei phi

lagrave do hai b phn sp xp theo trc ngang Do

rng hp dagravei ngn ca caacutec b phn cu thagravenh

ch khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t cu phi

traacutei khaacutec nhau Kt cu traacutei phi cơ bn bng

nhau故 科

Kt cu traacutei hp phi rng使

悦 Kt cu traacutei rng phi hp 到 都 Kt

cu traacutei dagravei phi ngn 知 拉 Kt cu traacutei

ngn phi dagravei听 观

Kt cu traacutei cht phi

lng 从 林

+ Kt cu traacutei gia phi Ch coacute k t cu traacutei

gia phi lagrave kiu ch do ba b phn sp xp

theo trc ngang Do rng hp dagravei ngn cacaacutec b phn khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t

cu traacutei gia phi u nhau hay khocircng u

nhau Kt cu traacutei gia phi cơ bn bng nhau

脚 谢 Kt cu traacutei gia hp phi rng

淋 似 Kt cu traacutei phi rng gia

hp 辩 班 Kt cu traacutei hp gia phi rng

湖 做

+ Kt cu trecircn dư i Ch coacute k t cu trecircn

dư i lagrave kiu ch do hai b phn sp xp theo

trc dc Kt cu trecircn dư i rng hp cao thpca caacutec b phn cu thagravenh ch khaacutec nhau magrave

to necircn caacutec kiu k t cu trecircn dư i khaacutec nhau

Kt cu trecircn dư i cơ bn bng nhau委 思

Kt cu trecircn cao dư i thp 热 怎 Kt cu

trecircn thp dư i cao芳 笔

Kt cu trecircn hp

dư i rng 见 美 Kt cu trecircn rng dư i

hp 京 食 Kt cu trecircn cht dư i lng

吕 哥

+ Kt cu trecircn gia dư i Ch coacute k t cutrecircn gia dư i lagrave kiu ch do ba b phn sp

xp theo trc dc Do rng hp cao thp ca

caacutec b phn khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t

cu trecircn gia dư i u nhau hay khocircng u

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983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 983091983095983085983092983092 41

nhau Kt cu trecircn gia dư i cơ bn bng nhau

急 意 Kt cu trecircn dư i thp gia cao

寒 燕

Kt cu trecircn dư i to gia nh

奔 常 Kt cu trecircn gia thp dư i cao

等 寄

+ Kt cu bao mt na Ch coacute k t cu bao

mt na lagrave kiu ch coacute hai hoc ba mt do caacutec

neacutet bao to thagravenh (theo khung) Do v triacute neacutet

khaacutec nhau magrave to thagravenh caacutec kiu ch khaacutec

nhau Kt cu bao na traacutei trecircn原 度

Kt

cu bao na traacutei dư i建 这

Kt cu bao na

phi trecircn 习 句 Kt cu bao ba mt traacutei

医 巨 Kt cu bao ba mt trecircn

同 间 Kt

cu bao ba mt dư i 山 画

+ Kt cu bao xung quanh Ch coacute k t cu

bao xung quanh lagrave kiu ch xung quanh u coacute

neacutet bao (to thagravenh khung) B nagravey gi lagrave b vi

Ch coacute k t cu bao kiu nagravey coacute ch higravenh th

tươ ng i to vagrave dagravei coacute ch higravenh th hơ i nh vagrave

vuocircng coacute ch higravenh th hơ i bt vagrave hơ i dagravei Ch

bao kiu nagravey to nh ca khung bao cũng lagrave

to nh ca ch 回 四

+ Kt cu higravenh tam giaacutec (higravenh ch phm)

Ch coacute k t cu higravenh tam giaacutec lagrave ch do ba b

ging nhau ư c sp xp theo kiu higravenh tam

giaacutec to thagravenh Khi vit b trecircn vit chiacutenh

gia phiacutea trecircn hai b dư i vit cacircn i hai

becircn traacutei phi to nh ca ba b cơ bn ging

nhau chuacute yacute s như ng neacutet gia caacutec b 众 森

- B cc vagrave thn thaacutei ca ch h p th

Khi vit ch h p th ngoagravei vic phi nm

ư c higravenh thc t h p vagrave t l k t cu ca ch

cograven phi chuacute yacute n b cc vagrave thn thaacutei ca ch thigrave ch vit m i hagravei hoagrave m i coacute thn B cc

ca ch h p th coacute th phacircn lagravem caacutec loi sau

+ Mau vagrave thưa Mau vagrave thưa lagrave ch ch

trng trong ch do caacutec neacutet to thagravenh nhiu hay

iacutet (rng hay hp) Ch coacute iacutet neacutet thigrave ch trng

nhiu - thưa 如 从 ch coacute nhiu neacutet thigrave ch

trng iacutet ndash mau繁 戴

+ Cao vagrave rng Cao vagrave rng lagrave ch t th ca

ch h p th do caacutec higravenh thc t h p khaacutec nhau

to thagravenh cao hoc rng Ch coacute k t cu trecircn d-

ư i hoc trecircn gia dư i thư ng coacute t th cao

鼻 墨 ch coacute k t cu traacutei phi hoc traacutei gia

phi thư ng coacute t th rng 把 腿

+ Hư ng vagraveo nhau vagrave quay lưng vagraveo nhau

Hư ng vagraveo nhau vagrave quay lưng vagraveo nhau lagrave ch hai b phn ca ch h p th coacute k t cu traacutei phi

hư ng vagraveo nhau 切 路 hay quay lưng li v i

nhau 北 犯

Khi vit ch h p th ngoagravei vic chuacute yacute n

k ĩ thut vit caacutec neacutet cograven phi chuacute yacute n vic

bin th ca caacutec neacutet - s tip như ng gia caacutec

neacutet ca ch to necircn s hagravei hogravea gia caacutec neacutet

vagrave s cacircn i ca ch Dư i acircy necircu mt vagravei viacute

d so saacutenh 女 --- 奶 好 妻 要

Ch n - b n Khi lagrave ch c th neacutet

chm lagrave neacutet chm phi dagravei nhưng khi lagrave mt b

(b kin) ca ch thigrave neacutet chm phi dagravei nagravey coacutekhi vit thagravenh neacutet chm phi ngn coacute khi vn

vit lagrave neacutet chm phi dagravei

25 Caacutec bư c d y hc vi t vagrave higravenh th c luynvi t ch Haacuten

- Caacutec bư c d y hc vi t ch Haacuten

Khi dy hc vit ch Haacuten trecircn l p cn chuacute yacute

caacutec bư c

+ Quan saacutet ch mu Sinh viecircn quan saacutet ch

mu nhn bit neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutecb kin vagrave quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca

ch Ch mu coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vit trecircn bng

cũng coacute th dugraveng ch mu coacute sn th ch hoc

dugraveng maacutey chiu chiu ch mu

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+ Giaacuteo viecircn hư ng dn Giaacuteo viecircn vit li

ch nhưng va vit va thuyt minh v neacutet b

kin k t cu t l caacutec b kin quy tc vit (quy

tc thun buacutet) ca ch cũng coacute th dugraveng

phươ ng phaacutep necircu cacircu hi dugraveng ch mu coacute sn

necircu cacircu hi v neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutec b

kin quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca ch

cũng coacute th k t h p c hai phươ ng phaacutep trecircn

giuacutep sinh viecircn nm ư c mt caacutech chiacutenh xaacutec

+ Sinh viecircn tp vit Sinh viecircn tp vit theo

ch quy phm

+ Giaacuteo viecircn nhn xeacutet aacutenh giaacute Khi sinh

viecircn tp vit giaacuteo viecircn coacute th quan saacutet vic tp

vit ca sinh viecircn ri aacutenh giaacute hư ng dn sasai khi cn thit

+ Giaacuteo viecircn ra bagravei tp luyn vit Giaacuteo viecircn

ra bagravei tp yecircu cu sinh viecircn luyn vit ch Haacuten

Bagravei tp coacute th hoagraven thagravenh trecircn l p nu coacute th igian cũng coacute th hoagraven thagravenh nhagrave n hn

giaacuteo viecircn kim tra vagrave aacutenh giaacute vic hoagraven thagravenh

bagravei tp ca sinh viecircn

Khi dy hc vit ch cũng cn chuacute yacute k t

h p v i vic dy hc acircm c vagrave ngh ĩ a (vagrave coacute

th c caacutech dugraveng) ca ch vic hc ch t

ư c d dagraveng vagrave nhanh choacuteng hơ n- Caacutec higravenh th c luyn t p vi t ch Haacuten

Khi luyn vit sinh viecircn coacute th luyn tp

theo caacutec higravenh thc sau

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech quan saacutet ch mu

Khi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn

phi quan saacutet ch mu ri vit theo s quan saacutet

phacircn tiacutech t th ca migravenh Ch mu coacute th do

giaacuteo viecircn vit (ch quy phm) cũng coacute th ch

mu in sn (phiu t) ch mu trong giaacuteo trigravenh

hellip Luyn vit trecircn giy k ocirc-li vuocircng vigrave như

th d xaacutec nh v triacute cũng như t l ca tng b

phn cu to ch

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech tocirc theo ch mu

Luyn tp vit ch Haacuten cũng coacute th luyn bng

caacutech tocirc theo ch mu trecircn caacutec loi v tp vit

ch Haacuten

26 X liacute caacutec m i quan h trong d y hc vi tch

Dy hc vit ch Haacuten lagrave mocircn hc k ĩ năng

ch yu da vagraveo vic luyn tp ca sinh viecircn

Vigrave th khi dy hc vit ch phi ging iacutet luyn

nhiu Ch ging nhng kin thc quan trng

cn thit lagravem cơ s giuacutep sinh viecircn vit uacuteng

vit p Ging phi k t h p v i viacute d thc t

minh ha Trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn phi tin hagravenh

bagravei tp v caacutec neacutet quy tc vit k t cuhellip acircy

lagrave loi bagravei tp bt buc khocircng th thiu vigrave noacute lagravecơ s ca vic dy hc ch Haacuten Nhưng cũng

khocircng th luyn riecircng matildei loi bagravei tp nagravey vigrave d

gacircy cm giaacutec ơ n iu chaacuten vit cho sinh viecircn

magrave cn k t h p v i bagravei tp coacute th gacircy hng thuacute

hc i v i sinh viecircn như quy loi b th (thiecircn

bagraveng) ch ng acircm ch cn th trograve chơ i ch

cacircu v chhellip Lagravem như th khocircng nhng regraven

luyn ư c k ĩ năng vit ch magrave cograven nacircng cao

ư c kin thc ch Haacuten tăng thecircm hng thuacute

hc ch Haacuten tăng nhanh kh năng nh ch ca

sinh viecircn Khi dy hc vit ch cn coacute s nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute ch vit ca sinh viecircn Vic nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn tin hagravenh

cũng coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vagrave sinh viecircn cugraveng tin

hagravenh Lagravem như th khocircng ch kim tra ư cnăng lc vit ch magrave cograven regraven luyn ư c năng

lc phacircn tiacutech li sai ch ra caacutei uacuteng ca s ocircng

sinh viecircn

3 V t ch c dy hc vit ch

nacircng cao cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten casinh viecircn ngoagravei vic dugraveng nhng bin phaacutep coacute

tiacutenh quyt nh như phươ ng phaacutep dy vagrave hc

vit ch cograven phi quan tacircm n caacutec bin phaacutep

v vic t chc dy hc Nhng bin phaacutep nagravey

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tuy khocircng trc tip regraven luyn k ĩ năng vit ch

song oacute lagrave nhng bin phaacutep khocircng th thiu

nacircng cao cht lư ng ch vit ca sinh viecircn

31 Gi d y hc vi t trecircn l p

giai on u hc ting Haacuten sinh viecircn

bt u tip xuacutec v i mt loi ch m i ndash ch

Haacuten necircn coacute nhiu khoacute khăn Trong giai on

nagravey cn coacute nhng gi chuyecircn dy vagrave luyn vit

ch Haacuten dy nhng kin thc cơ bn v ch

Haacuten như caacutec neacutet cơ bn ca ch quy tc vit

ch k t cu ca ch t l k t cu ca ch vagrave

regraven luyn k năng cơ bn v vit ch cho sinh

viecircn Nu coacute th hc kigrave mt ( hc kigrave 1 8 )mi tun necircn coacute mt tit dy hc vit ch Haacuten

Cograven nu như th i lư ng khocircng cho pheacutep thigrave iacutet

nht cũng phi coacute 7- 8 tit 7- 8 tun u dagravenh

riecircng dy ndash luyn vit ch

32 Giaacuteo viecircn d y vi t ch

Bin phaacutep t chc thun l i nht lagrave giaacuteo

viecircn ging dy l p nagraveo thigrave dy vit l p oacute

Lagravem như th khocircng nhng thun tin cho vic

sp xp th i khoaacute biu magrave cograven thun l i hơ n rt

nhiu khi giaacuteo viecircn oacute nm ư c tigravenh higravenh thc

t v hc ting Haacuten noacutei chung vagrave tigravenh higravenh vit

ch Haacuten noacutei riecircng ca sinh viecircn l p oacute Song

thc t khocircng phi giaacuteo viecircn nagraveo m nhn dy

hc kigrave nagravey (hc kigrave 1 8) vit ch Haacuten cũng

uacuteng quy phm vagrave iu nagravey coacute nh hư ng

khocircng tt t i cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten ca sinh

viecircn Chiacutenh vigrave th cn coacute vagravei ba giaacuteo viecircn vit

ch quy phm vit ch p m nhn vic nagravey

33 Ki m tra aacutenh giaacute

Cn coi vic luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave tin

t i vit ch Haacuten chun mc i v i sinh viecircn hc kigrave u vagrave năm th nht lagrave bt buc giai

on nagravey giaacuteo viecircn cn coacute nhng bagravei tp v i

nhng yecircu cu c th sinh viecircn thc hin

trecircn l p hoc nhagrave Giaacuteo viecircn coacute k hoch

kim tra aacutenh giaacute vic vit ch ng viecircn vagrave

khc phc k p th i nhng im mnh yu ca

sinh viecircn

Kt qu bagravei kim tra gia kigrave vagrave bagravei thi hc

phn ca năm th nht vagrave coacute th c năm th

hai necircn coacute mt phn im lagrave im aacutenh giaacute v

ch vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi kigrave mt năm th

nht dagravenh t 1 - 1510 im aacutenh giaacute ch

vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi năm th hai dagravenh t

05 - 110 im lagrave im ch vit iu nagravey nu

thc hin thigrave ngay t khi bt u hc hc kigrave

u tiecircn cn noacutei rotilde cho sinh viecircn bit regraven

luyn phn u

34 Chu n b ca sinh viecircn

Sinh viecircn cn nhn thc y v vic cn

thit phi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch

Haacuten chun mc Hin nay mt s sinh viecircn cho

rng khocircng cn phi luyn vit ch quy phm

vit ch p vigrave atilde coacute s tr giuacutep ca maacutey tiacutenh

acircy lagrave mt nhn thc khocircng uacuteng v hc vagrave

vit ch Haacuten noacutei chung cagraveng khocircng uacuteng v i

sinh viecircn sư phm ting Haacuten noacutei riecircng Vigrave th sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b cho vic hc vit

ch Haacuten Vit ch Haacuten nhiu cograven khin nh ch lacircu oacute cũng lagrave iu kin quan trng hc

tt ting Haacuten Sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b nht

nh cho vic tp vit như

+ Chun b v tinh thn Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c khoacute khăn khi hc vit ch Haacuten

sn sagraveng thc hin vagrave hoagraven thagravenh tt cocircng

vic nagravey

+ Chun b v th i gian Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c vit ch Haacuten uacuteng quy phm(t chun) vit p khocircng th ch trong ngagravey

mt ngagravey hai magrave phi ư c tin hagravenh trong th igian dagravei tn nhiu th i gian coacute k hoch c

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th dagravenh lư ng th i gian thiacutech h p cho vic

luyn tp vit ch Haacuten

+ Chun b v dugraveng hc tp V tp vitlagrave v coacute k ocirc-li vuocircng hoc coacute iu kin thigrave

mua v tp vit atilde coacute sn ch Haacuten vit theo

hoc tocirc theo Buacutet tp vit phi lagrave buacutet maacutey (buacutet

mc) vigrave vit bng loi buacutet nagravey m i d vit thagravenh

neacutet thanh neacutet m

35 T ch c ngoi khoaacute cacircu lc b

Tuỳ theo iu kin c th t chc caacutec

hot ng ngoi khoaacute v ch Haacuten t chc caacutec

cacircu lc b thư phaacutep gacircy hng thuacute vagrave to

iu kin cho nhiu sinh viecircn coacute nhiu cơ hihc vagrave vit ch Haacuten như vit ch p vit ch

nhanh nh ch ch vit ch Haacuten bng buacutet

locircng vit ch Haacuten theo caacutec kiu ch tigravem hiu

v ch Haacutenhellip

4 Kt lun

Vit ch Haacuten cacircn i p lagrave mt k ĩ năng

K ĩ năng nagravey cn ư c regraven luyn trong mt quaacute

trigravenh trecircn cơ s nm vng caacutec kin thc cơ bn

v ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch Haacuten Khi dy hc vit

ch khocircng ch phi c bit chuacute yacute n phươ ng

phaacutep dy hc vit neacutet vit ch magrave cograven phi chuacute

yacute n vic t chc dy hc Vit uacuteng ch Haacuten

atilde khoacute vit ch theo quy phm vit p li

cagraveng khoacute necircn cn coacute s quan tacircm vagrave u tư

thiacutech aacuteng

Tagravei liu tham kho

[1] 骆 小 所 主 编 （ 1999） 现 代 汉 语 引 论 云 南 人 民 出

版 社

[2] 赵 金 铭 总 主 编 （ 2006） 对 外 汉 字 教 学 研 究

商 务 印 书 馆

[3] 丁 永 康 （ 2003） 钢 笔 字 写 新 技 法 金 盾 出 版 社

Measures to Improve Chinese Character Writing Quality of

Students at Department of Chinese Language and Culture

ULIS - VNU

Lecirc Xuacircn Tho

Chinese Department VNU University of Languages and International Studies

Phm V ăn ng street C u Gi y Hanoi Vietnam

Abstract Teaching and learning Chinese characters of which writing Chinese characters properly

is an essential requirement plays an important role Nowadays there are many students at Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU whose writing does not meet the standard which has

negative effects on the quality of learning Chinese characters as well as Chinese language This paper

suggests some measures in relation to Chinese characters teaching and learning methodology togetherwith teaching - learning organization in order to mprove the writing quality of students of Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU

Keywords Writing Chinese characters Chinese characters Chinese character structure Chinese

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cao cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten ca sinh viecircn Khoa

Ngocircn ng vagrave Văn hoacutea Trung Quc Trư ng i

hc Ngoi ng - HQGHN

2 Phươ ng phaacutep dy hc vit ch Haacuten

21 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t caacutec neacutet ch Haacuten

Neacutet ch Haacuten lagrave ơ n v cu thagravenh nh nht

ca ch Haacuten ư c biu hin bng caacutec ư ng

vch [2]) Do ch Haacuten coacute k t cu khaacutec nhau

necircn caacutec neacutet cũng ư c th hin khaacutec nhau cugraveng

mt neacutet nhưng trong caacutec ch coacute k t cu khaacutec

nhau ư c biu hin bng caacutec dng khaacutec nhau

Vigrave th luyn tp vit ch Haacuten phi bt u t

vic luyn vit caacutec neacutet ch Neacutet ch vit uacuteng

hay sai vit p hay xu u trc tip nh

hư ng n cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten

Khi vit caacutec neacutet phi nm ư c c im

ca neacutet oacute Da vagraveo c im caacutec neacutet 丁 永 康

[3] phacircn thagravenh caacutec loi sau

- Neacutet th ng neacutet cong vagrave neacutet g p

Neacutet thng Ngang（ 横 ） 一 S（ 竖 ） ㄧ

Khi vit caacutec neacutet nagravey phi vit sao cho neacutet thng

phi thng như s i dacircy keacuteo căng nhưng khocircng

cng

Neacutet cong trograven Phy（ 撇 ） ノ 丿 Maacutec （

捺 ） Cong moacutec（ 钩 ） 亅 Neacutet cong

gp S cong（ 竖 弯 ）

S cong moacutec（

竖 弯 钩 ） 乚

Neacutet gp Ngang gp （ 横 折 ） S

gp（

竖 折 ） ∟

Khi vit neacutet cong phi cong

như caacutenh cung nhưng khocircng yu neacutet cong gp

ch cong coacute gp ch gp coacute cong

- Neacutet dagravei vagrave ng n Noacutei neacutet dagravei hay ngn lagrave

noacutei trong s so saacutenh ca cugraveng mt loi neacutet

dagravei ngn nagravey lagrave do cu to ca ch quyt nh

Neacutet ngang Ngang ngn （ 短 横 ） 一

Ngang dagravei（ 长 横 ） 一

Neacutet s S ngn（

短 竖 ） ㄧ

S dagravei（

长 竖 ） ㄧ

Neacutet phy Phy ngn （ 短 撇 ） ノ Phy

dagravei（ 长 撇 ） ノ

Khi vit caacutec neacutet nagravey phi xaacutec nh ư c v triacute dagravei ngn ca neacutet trong ch vit cho

phugrave h p

- Neacutet m vagrave thanh ( nh vagrave to) Neacutet m

hay thanh lagrave do khi vit nhn ngogravei buacutet mnh

hay nh Neacutet ngang vagrave neacutet s khi t buacutet vit vagrave

trư c khi nhc buacutet thigrave nhn buacutet mnh hơ n neacutet

ch m hơ n khi ưa buacutet thigrave nhn nh hơ n neacutet

ch thanh hơ n一

Nhng neacutet coacute dng nhn

như neacutet phy maacutec moacutec vagrave ht khi t buacutet vagrave

ưa buacutet nhn buacutet mnh hơ n neacutet ch m khi

k t thuacutec neacutet thigrave nhc dn buacutet neacutet ch thanh vagrave

nhn dn ノ 亅

- Neacutet ng vagrave nghiecircng Neacutet ng hay

nghiecircng lagrave do s thay trng thaacutei ca neacutet Cugraveng

mt neacutet nhưng caacutec ch coacute k t cu khaacutec nhau

s coacute s thay i trng thaacutei ng hay nghiecircng

khaacutec nhau ch ư c cacircn i Như Neacutet phy

trong ch 人 ( reacuten ) vit thagravenh neacutet phy

nghiecircngノ

Neacutet phy trong ch 月

( yuegrave )

vit thagravenh neacutet phy ng 丿

Khi vit mi neacutet ch u coacute ba bư c

- t buacutet t buacutet nh hoc nhn mnh

- ư a buacutet ưa buacutet hơ i nh neacutet vit hoc

thng hoc cong hoc gp

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- Nh c buacutet Nhc buacutet hoc nhn mnh hoc

nhc nh dn to thagravenh neacutet (coacute u) nhn

t buacutet ưa buacutet Nhc buacutet

Nhn mnh Nh tay Nhn mnh Neacutet ch vit ra va phi cng va phi

mm Neacutet ngang neacutet s phi bng phi thng

neacutet cong phi cong u như caacutenh cung neacutet cong

gp phi cong trograven t nhiecircn

Phi xaacutec nh uacuteng v triacute t buacutet Trư c khi

t buacutet phi xaacutec nh uacuteng v triacute t buacutet ca neacutet

oacute ng th i cũng phi xaacutec nh ư c higravenh thaacutei

(dagravei ngn thng nghiecircng) vagrave thanh m

ca neacutet trong ch oacute

Viacute d

Vit neacutet ngang dagravei （ 长 横 ） t buacutet hơ i

mnh ưa buacutet sang phi hơ i hư ng lecircn trecircn vagrave

nh khi nhc buacutet hơ i hư ng xung dư i n nh

C neacutet trng thaacutei becircn traacutei thp becircn phi cao

vagrave phn cui neacutet hơ i truacutec xung一

Vit neacutet chm phi （ 右 点 ） t buacutet nh

ưa buacutet sang becircn phi xung dư i vagrave nhn

mnh dn to thagravenh neacutet hơ i cong lưng v becircn

phi ri nhc buacutet Vit neacutet chm iu quan

trng lagrave ch phi coacute quaacute trigravenh ưa buacutet ndash khaacutec

v i vit du chm丶

T caacutech vit caacutec neacutet ta coacute th thy quy lut

ưa buacutet ca caacutec neacutet thocircng thư ng caacutec neacutet

ngang s phy t buacutet hơ i mnh tay caacutec neacutet

chm maacutec t buacutet hơ i nh tay ch gp hơ idng buacutet hơ i nhn buacutet neacutet ht vagrave moacutec luacutec u

hơ i dng buacutet mnh tay cagraveng v sau cagraveng nh

tay vagrave nhanh to thagravenh neacutet nhn neacutet maacutec vagrave

phy khi nhc buacutet to thagravenh neacutet nhn

22 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t ch c th

Ch c th lagrave loi ch coacute k t cu ơ n gin

(c th) Kt cu ca ch c th coacute liecircn quanmt thit v i caacutec neacutet ca ch Coacute ngư i noacutei ldquoneacutet

sinh k t curdquo chiacutenh lagrave noacutei neacutet lagrave cơ s ca k t

cu k t cu khocircng th taacutech r i neacutet Chiacutenh vigrave th

khi vit ch khocircng ch phi chuacute yacute n k ĩ thut

vit caacutec neacutet magrave cograven phi chuacute yacute n higravenh thaacutei th

hin caacutec neacutet oacute trong tng ch c th

- K t c u ca ch c th

Mun vit ư c ch c th trư c tiecircn phi

nm ư c k t cu ca ch c th Theo丁 永 康

[3] k t cu ca ch c th coacute th chia thagravenh

caacutec loi sau Ch ly neacutet ngang lagravem ch 工

十 上 Ch ly neacutet s lagravem ch 千

午 甲

Ch ly neacutet phy maacutec lagravem ch

八

丈 木 Ch ly neacutet s moacutec lagravem ch 寸

我 事 Ch nhiu neacutet ngang

三 互 年

Ch nhiu neacutet s川 井 并

Ch nhiu neacutet

phy 禾 父 失 Ch nhiu neacutet chm兰

六 共 Ch thiecircn v nh

口 夕 刀 Ch

thiecircn v to人 尺 之

Ch vuocircng南

而 回 Ch thiecircn v dagravei 了 月 自 Ch

thiecircn v dt二 心 血

Ch hơ i nghiecircng

气 戈 飞

- Yecircu cu v k t c u khi vi t ch c th

Vit ch c th phi ngang bng s thng

trng tacircm n nh 干 年 半 Phy maacutec vư-

ơ n dagravei gi ư c cacircn bng米 未 衣

Ngang

s cacircn bng mau thưa cacircn i 具 真 甲

Xaacutec nh neacutet chiacutenh nm vng trng tacircm

土 左 我 Neacutet ch hocirc ng higravenh ch sinh

ng

23 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t b th

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B th lagrave b phn cu thagravenh ch cũng lagrave

mc tra ch Khi vit b th cũng cn chuacute yacute

t i v triacute ca b th trong ch b th becircn traacutei

b th becircn phi b th u ch b th aacutey

ch Ch c th khi lagravem thiecircn bagraveng (b th)

neacutet vagrave higravenh th ch s coacute mt s thay i

nhưng cugraveng mt b th trong nhng ch h pth coacute cugraveng k t cu thigrave caacutech vit cơ bn ging

nhau Vigrave th vit p thiecircn bagraveng nht lagrave caacutec

thiecircn bagraveng coacute tn sut t h p ch cao lagrave rt cn

thit

Vit b n （ 女 字 旁 ） Vit neacutet phy

chm phi vit hp (ng) vagrave dagravei neacutet phy th

hai nghiecircng hơ n neacutet phy th nht neacutet ngang

dagravei (ca ch c th 女 ) thagravenh neacutet ht vit

ngang vagrave khocircng ct qua neacutet phy th hai Viacute d

好 妈 姓

Vit b mc（ 木 字 旁 ） Vit neacutet ngang

ngn vit neacutet s thuỳ l ct neacutet ngang gn saacutet

u becircn phi t buacutet ch ct nhau gia hai

neacutet vit neacutet phy ngn t buacutet dư i ch ct

nhau mt chuacutet vit neacutet ch m phi - do neacutet maacutec

ca ch c th 木 bin thagravenh Viacute d 林

树 校

24 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t ch h p th

- K t c u ca ch h p th

Ch h p th lagrave ch coacute k t cu h p th do

hai hay nhiu b kin b th k t h p v i nhau

to thagravenh B th lagrave b kin cơ bn cu thagravenh

ch h p th Cugraveng mt b th nhưng caacutec ch

khaacutec nhau coacute th nhng v triacute khaacutec nhau vagrave

chim mt t l din tiacutech khaacutec nhau trong ch

vigrave th to necircn s a dng v higravenh thc t h p

ca ch h p th Khi vit ch h p th iuquan trng hơ n c lagrave chuacute yacute t l gia caacutec b

phn ca ch sao cho hagravei hoagrave cacircn i 丁 永 康

[3] phacircn k t cu ch h p th thagravenh caacutec loi k t

cu sau

+ Kt cu traacutei phi Ch coacute k t cu traacutei phi

lagrave do hai b phn sp xp theo trc ngang Do

rng hp dagravei ngn ca caacutec b phn cu thagravenh

ch khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t cu phi

traacutei khaacutec nhau Kt cu traacutei phi cơ bn bng

nhau故 科

Kt cu traacutei hp phi rng使

悦 Kt cu traacutei rng phi hp 到 都 Kt

cu traacutei dagravei phi ngn 知 拉 Kt cu traacutei

ngn phi dagravei听 观

Kt cu traacutei cht phi

lng 从 林

+ Kt cu traacutei gia phi Ch coacute k t cu traacutei

gia phi lagrave kiu ch do ba b phn sp xp

theo trc ngang Do rng hp dagravei ngn cacaacutec b phn khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t

cu traacutei gia phi u nhau hay khocircng u

nhau Kt cu traacutei gia phi cơ bn bng nhau

脚 谢 Kt cu traacutei gia hp phi rng

淋 似 Kt cu traacutei phi rng gia

hp 辩 班 Kt cu traacutei hp gia phi rng

湖 做

+ Kt cu trecircn dư i Ch coacute k t cu trecircn

dư i lagrave kiu ch do hai b phn sp xp theo

trc dc Kt cu trecircn dư i rng hp cao thpca caacutec b phn cu thagravenh ch khaacutec nhau magrave

to necircn caacutec kiu k t cu trecircn dư i khaacutec nhau

Kt cu trecircn dư i cơ bn bng nhau委 思

Kt cu trecircn cao dư i thp 热 怎 Kt cu

trecircn thp dư i cao芳 笔

Kt cu trecircn hp

dư i rng 见 美 Kt cu trecircn rng dư i

hp 京 食 Kt cu trecircn cht dư i lng

吕 哥

+ Kt cu trecircn gia dư i Ch coacute k t cutrecircn gia dư i lagrave kiu ch do ba b phn sp

xp theo trc dc Do rng hp cao thp ca

caacutec b phn khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t

cu trecircn gia dư i u nhau hay khocircng u

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nhau Kt cu trecircn gia dư i cơ bn bng nhau

急 意 Kt cu trecircn dư i thp gia cao

寒 燕

Kt cu trecircn dư i to gia nh

奔 常 Kt cu trecircn gia thp dư i cao

等 寄

+ Kt cu bao mt na Ch coacute k t cu bao

mt na lagrave kiu ch coacute hai hoc ba mt do caacutec

neacutet bao to thagravenh (theo khung) Do v triacute neacutet

khaacutec nhau magrave to thagravenh caacutec kiu ch khaacutec

nhau Kt cu bao na traacutei trecircn原 度

Kt

cu bao na traacutei dư i建 这

Kt cu bao na

phi trecircn 习 句 Kt cu bao ba mt traacutei

医 巨 Kt cu bao ba mt trecircn

同 间 Kt

cu bao ba mt dư i 山 画

+ Kt cu bao xung quanh Ch coacute k t cu

bao xung quanh lagrave kiu ch xung quanh u coacute

neacutet bao (to thagravenh khung) B nagravey gi lagrave b vi

Ch coacute k t cu bao kiu nagravey coacute ch higravenh th

tươ ng i to vagrave dagravei coacute ch higravenh th hơ i nh vagrave

vuocircng coacute ch higravenh th hơ i bt vagrave hơ i dagravei Ch

bao kiu nagravey to nh ca khung bao cũng lagrave

to nh ca ch 回 四

+ Kt cu higravenh tam giaacutec (higravenh ch phm)

Ch coacute k t cu higravenh tam giaacutec lagrave ch do ba b

ging nhau ư c sp xp theo kiu higravenh tam

giaacutec to thagravenh Khi vit b trecircn vit chiacutenh

gia phiacutea trecircn hai b dư i vit cacircn i hai

becircn traacutei phi to nh ca ba b cơ bn ging

nhau chuacute yacute s như ng neacutet gia caacutec b 众 森

- B cc vagrave thn thaacutei ca ch h p th

Khi vit ch h p th ngoagravei vic phi nm

ư c higravenh thc t h p vagrave t l k t cu ca ch

cograven phi chuacute yacute n b cc vagrave thn thaacutei ca ch thigrave ch vit m i hagravei hoagrave m i coacute thn B cc

ca ch h p th coacute th phacircn lagravem caacutec loi sau

+ Mau vagrave thưa Mau vagrave thưa lagrave ch ch

trng trong ch do caacutec neacutet to thagravenh nhiu hay

iacutet (rng hay hp) Ch coacute iacutet neacutet thigrave ch trng

nhiu - thưa 如 从 ch coacute nhiu neacutet thigrave ch

trng iacutet ndash mau繁 戴

+ Cao vagrave rng Cao vagrave rng lagrave ch t th ca

ch h p th do caacutec higravenh thc t h p khaacutec nhau

to thagravenh cao hoc rng Ch coacute k t cu trecircn d-

ư i hoc trecircn gia dư i thư ng coacute t th cao

鼻 墨 ch coacute k t cu traacutei phi hoc traacutei gia

phi thư ng coacute t th rng 把 腿

+ Hư ng vagraveo nhau vagrave quay lưng vagraveo nhau

Hư ng vagraveo nhau vagrave quay lưng vagraveo nhau lagrave ch hai b phn ca ch h p th coacute k t cu traacutei phi

hư ng vagraveo nhau 切 路 hay quay lưng li v i

nhau 北 犯

Khi vit ch h p th ngoagravei vic chuacute yacute n

k ĩ thut vit caacutec neacutet cograven phi chuacute yacute n vic

bin th ca caacutec neacutet - s tip như ng gia caacutec

neacutet ca ch to necircn s hagravei hogravea gia caacutec neacutet

vagrave s cacircn i ca ch Dư i acircy necircu mt vagravei viacute

d so saacutenh 女 --- 奶 好 妻 要

Ch n - b n Khi lagrave ch c th neacutet

chm lagrave neacutet chm phi dagravei nhưng khi lagrave mt b

(b kin) ca ch thigrave neacutet chm phi dagravei nagravey coacutekhi vit thagravenh neacutet chm phi ngn coacute khi vn

vit lagrave neacutet chm phi dagravei

25 Caacutec bư c d y hc vi t vagrave higravenh th c luynvi t ch Haacuten

- Caacutec bư c d y hc vi t ch Haacuten

Khi dy hc vit ch Haacuten trecircn l p cn chuacute yacute

caacutec bư c

+ Quan saacutet ch mu Sinh viecircn quan saacutet ch

mu nhn bit neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutecb kin vagrave quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca

ch Ch mu coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vit trecircn bng

cũng coacute th dugraveng ch mu coacute sn th ch hoc

dugraveng maacutey chiu chiu ch mu

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+ Giaacuteo viecircn hư ng dn Giaacuteo viecircn vit li

ch nhưng va vit va thuyt minh v neacutet b

kin k t cu t l caacutec b kin quy tc vit (quy

tc thun buacutet) ca ch cũng coacute th dugraveng

phươ ng phaacutep necircu cacircu hi dugraveng ch mu coacute sn

necircu cacircu hi v neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutec b

kin quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca ch

cũng coacute th k t h p c hai phươ ng phaacutep trecircn

giuacutep sinh viecircn nm ư c mt caacutech chiacutenh xaacutec

+ Sinh viecircn tp vit Sinh viecircn tp vit theo

ch quy phm

+ Giaacuteo viecircn nhn xeacutet aacutenh giaacute Khi sinh

viecircn tp vit giaacuteo viecircn coacute th quan saacutet vic tp

vit ca sinh viecircn ri aacutenh giaacute hư ng dn sasai khi cn thit

+ Giaacuteo viecircn ra bagravei tp luyn vit Giaacuteo viecircn

ra bagravei tp yecircu cu sinh viecircn luyn vit ch Haacuten

Bagravei tp coacute th hoagraven thagravenh trecircn l p nu coacute th igian cũng coacute th hoagraven thagravenh nhagrave n hn

giaacuteo viecircn kim tra vagrave aacutenh giaacute vic hoagraven thagravenh

bagravei tp ca sinh viecircn

Khi dy hc vit ch cũng cn chuacute yacute k t

h p v i vic dy hc acircm c vagrave ngh ĩ a (vagrave coacute

th c caacutech dugraveng) ca ch vic hc ch t

ư c d dagraveng vagrave nhanh choacuteng hơ n- Caacutec higravenh th c luyn t p vi t ch Haacuten

Khi luyn vit sinh viecircn coacute th luyn tp

theo caacutec higravenh thc sau

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech quan saacutet ch mu

Khi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn

phi quan saacutet ch mu ri vit theo s quan saacutet

phacircn tiacutech t th ca migravenh Ch mu coacute th do

giaacuteo viecircn vit (ch quy phm) cũng coacute th ch

mu in sn (phiu t) ch mu trong giaacuteo trigravenh

hellip Luyn vit trecircn giy k ocirc-li vuocircng vigrave như

th d xaacutec nh v triacute cũng như t l ca tng b

phn cu to ch

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech tocirc theo ch mu

Luyn tp vit ch Haacuten cũng coacute th luyn bng

caacutech tocirc theo ch mu trecircn caacutec loi v tp vit

ch Haacuten

26 X liacute caacutec m i quan h trong d y hc vi tch

Dy hc vit ch Haacuten lagrave mocircn hc k ĩ năng

ch yu da vagraveo vic luyn tp ca sinh viecircn

Vigrave th khi dy hc vit ch phi ging iacutet luyn

nhiu Ch ging nhng kin thc quan trng

cn thit lagravem cơ s giuacutep sinh viecircn vit uacuteng

vit p Ging phi k t h p v i viacute d thc t

minh ha Trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn phi tin hagravenh

bagravei tp v caacutec neacutet quy tc vit k t cuhellip acircy

lagrave loi bagravei tp bt buc khocircng th thiu vigrave noacute lagravecơ s ca vic dy hc ch Haacuten Nhưng cũng

khocircng th luyn riecircng matildei loi bagravei tp nagravey vigrave d

gacircy cm giaacutec ơ n iu chaacuten vit cho sinh viecircn

magrave cn k t h p v i bagravei tp coacute th gacircy hng thuacute

hc i v i sinh viecircn như quy loi b th (thiecircn

bagraveng) ch ng acircm ch cn th trograve chơ i ch

cacircu v chhellip Lagravem như th khocircng nhng regraven

luyn ư c k ĩ năng vit ch magrave cograven nacircng cao

ư c kin thc ch Haacuten tăng thecircm hng thuacute

hc ch Haacuten tăng nhanh kh năng nh ch ca

sinh viecircn Khi dy hc vit ch cn coacute s nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute ch vit ca sinh viecircn Vic nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn tin hagravenh

cũng coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vagrave sinh viecircn cugraveng tin

hagravenh Lagravem như th khocircng ch kim tra ư cnăng lc vit ch magrave cograven regraven luyn ư c năng

lc phacircn tiacutech li sai ch ra caacutei uacuteng ca s ocircng

sinh viecircn

3 V t ch c dy hc vit ch

nacircng cao cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten casinh viecircn ngoagravei vic dugraveng nhng bin phaacutep coacute

tiacutenh quyt nh như phươ ng phaacutep dy vagrave hc

vit ch cograven phi quan tacircm n caacutec bin phaacutep

v vic t chc dy hc Nhng bin phaacutep nagravey

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tuy khocircng trc tip regraven luyn k ĩ năng vit ch

song oacute lagrave nhng bin phaacutep khocircng th thiu

nacircng cao cht lư ng ch vit ca sinh viecircn

31 Gi d y hc vi t trecircn l p

giai on u hc ting Haacuten sinh viecircn

bt u tip xuacutec v i mt loi ch m i ndash ch

Haacuten necircn coacute nhiu khoacute khăn Trong giai on

nagravey cn coacute nhng gi chuyecircn dy vagrave luyn vit

ch Haacuten dy nhng kin thc cơ bn v ch

Haacuten như caacutec neacutet cơ bn ca ch quy tc vit

ch k t cu ca ch t l k t cu ca ch vagrave

regraven luyn k năng cơ bn v vit ch cho sinh

viecircn Nu coacute th hc kigrave mt ( hc kigrave 1 8 )mi tun necircn coacute mt tit dy hc vit ch Haacuten

Cograven nu như th i lư ng khocircng cho pheacutep thigrave iacutet

nht cũng phi coacute 7- 8 tit 7- 8 tun u dagravenh

riecircng dy ndash luyn vit ch

32 Giaacuteo viecircn d y vi t ch

Bin phaacutep t chc thun l i nht lagrave giaacuteo

viecircn ging dy l p nagraveo thigrave dy vit l p oacute

Lagravem như th khocircng nhng thun tin cho vic

sp xp th i khoaacute biu magrave cograven thun l i hơ n rt

nhiu khi giaacuteo viecircn oacute nm ư c tigravenh higravenh thc

t v hc ting Haacuten noacutei chung vagrave tigravenh higravenh vit

ch Haacuten noacutei riecircng ca sinh viecircn l p oacute Song

thc t khocircng phi giaacuteo viecircn nagraveo m nhn dy

hc kigrave nagravey (hc kigrave 1 8) vit ch Haacuten cũng

uacuteng quy phm vagrave iu nagravey coacute nh hư ng

khocircng tt t i cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten ca sinh

viecircn Chiacutenh vigrave th cn coacute vagravei ba giaacuteo viecircn vit

ch quy phm vit ch p m nhn vic nagravey

33 Ki m tra aacutenh giaacute

Cn coi vic luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave tin

t i vit ch Haacuten chun mc i v i sinh viecircn hc kigrave u vagrave năm th nht lagrave bt buc giai

on nagravey giaacuteo viecircn cn coacute nhng bagravei tp v i

nhng yecircu cu c th sinh viecircn thc hin

trecircn l p hoc nhagrave Giaacuteo viecircn coacute k hoch

kim tra aacutenh giaacute vic vit ch ng viecircn vagrave

khc phc k p th i nhng im mnh yu ca

sinh viecircn

Kt qu bagravei kim tra gia kigrave vagrave bagravei thi hc

phn ca năm th nht vagrave coacute th c năm th

hai necircn coacute mt phn im lagrave im aacutenh giaacute v

ch vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi kigrave mt năm th

nht dagravenh t 1 - 1510 im aacutenh giaacute ch

vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi năm th hai dagravenh t

05 - 110 im lagrave im ch vit iu nagravey nu

thc hin thigrave ngay t khi bt u hc hc kigrave

u tiecircn cn noacutei rotilde cho sinh viecircn bit regraven

luyn phn u

34 Chu n b ca sinh viecircn

Sinh viecircn cn nhn thc y v vic cn

thit phi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch

Haacuten chun mc Hin nay mt s sinh viecircn cho

rng khocircng cn phi luyn vit ch quy phm

vit ch p vigrave atilde coacute s tr giuacutep ca maacutey tiacutenh

acircy lagrave mt nhn thc khocircng uacuteng v hc vagrave

vit ch Haacuten noacutei chung cagraveng khocircng uacuteng v i

sinh viecircn sư phm ting Haacuten noacutei riecircng Vigrave th sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b cho vic hc vit

ch Haacuten Vit ch Haacuten nhiu cograven khin nh ch lacircu oacute cũng lagrave iu kin quan trng hc

tt ting Haacuten Sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b nht

nh cho vic tp vit như

+ Chun b v tinh thn Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c khoacute khăn khi hc vit ch Haacuten

sn sagraveng thc hin vagrave hoagraven thagravenh tt cocircng

vic nagravey

+ Chun b v th i gian Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c vit ch Haacuten uacuteng quy phm(t chun) vit p khocircng th ch trong ngagravey

mt ngagravey hai magrave phi ư c tin hagravenh trong th igian dagravei tn nhiu th i gian coacute k hoch c

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th dagravenh lư ng th i gian thiacutech h p cho vic

luyn tp vit ch Haacuten

+ Chun b v dugraveng hc tp V tp vitlagrave v coacute k ocirc-li vuocircng hoc coacute iu kin thigrave

mua v tp vit atilde coacute sn ch Haacuten vit theo

hoc tocirc theo Buacutet tp vit phi lagrave buacutet maacutey (buacutet

mc) vigrave vit bng loi buacutet nagravey m i d vit thagravenh

neacutet thanh neacutet m

35 T ch c ngoi khoaacute cacircu lc b

Tuỳ theo iu kin c th t chc caacutec

hot ng ngoi khoaacute v ch Haacuten t chc caacutec

cacircu lc b thư phaacutep gacircy hng thuacute vagrave to

iu kin cho nhiu sinh viecircn coacute nhiu cơ hihc vagrave vit ch Haacuten như vit ch p vit ch

nhanh nh ch ch vit ch Haacuten bng buacutet

locircng vit ch Haacuten theo caacutec kiu ch tigravem hiu

v ch Haacutenhellip

4 Kt lun

Vit ch Haacuten cacircn i p lagrave mt k ĩ năng

K ĩ năng nagravey cn ư c regraven luyn trong mt quaacute

trigravenh trecircn cơ s nm vng caacutec kin thc cơ bn

v ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch Haacuten Khi dy hc vit

ch khocircng ch phi c bit chuacute yacute n phươ ng

phaacutep dy hc vit neacutet vit ch magrave cograven phi chuacute

yacute n vic t chc dy hc Vit uacuteng ch Haacuten

atilde khoacute vit ch theo quy phm vit p li

cagraveng khoacute necircn cn coacute s quan tacircm vagrave u tư

thiacutech aacuteng

Tagravei liu tham kho

[1] 骆 小 所 主 编 （ 1999） 现 代 汉 语 引 论 云 南 人 民 出

版 社

[2] 赵 金 铭 总 主 编 （ 2006） 对 外 汉 字 教 学 研 究

商 务 印 书 馆

[3] 丁 永 康 （ 2003） 钢 笔 字 写 新 技 法 金 盾 出 版 社

Measures to Improve Chinese Character Writing Quality of

Students at Department of Chinese Language and Culture

ULIS - VNU

Lecirc Xuacircn Tho

Chinese Department VNU University of Languages and International Studies

Phm V ăn ng street C u Gi y Hanoi Vietnam

Abstract Teaching and learning Chinese characters of which writing Chinese characters properly

is an essential requirement plays an important role Nowadays there are many students at Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU whose writing does not meet the standard which has

negative effects on the quality of learning Chinese characters as well as Chinese language This paper

suggests some measures in relation to Chinese characters teaching and learning methodology togetherwith teaching - learning organization in order to mprove the writing quality of students of Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU

Keywords Writing Chinese characters Chinese characters Chinese character structure Chinese

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- Nh c buacutet Nhc buacutet hoc nhn mnh hoc

nhc nh dn to thagravenh neacutet (coacute u) nhn

t buacutet ưa buacutet Nhc buacutet

Nhn mnh Nh tay Nhn mnh Neacutet ch vit ra va phi cng va phi

mm Neacutet ngang neacutet s phi bng phi thng

neacutet cong phi cong u như caacutenh cung neacutet cong

gp phi cong trograven t nhiecircn

Phi xaacutec nh uacuteng v triacute t buacutet Trư c khi

t buacutet phi xaacutec nh uacuteng v triacute t buacutet ca neacutet

oacute ng th i cũng phi xaacutec nh ư c higravenh thaacutei

(dagravei ngn thng nghiecircng) vagrave thanh m

ca neacutet trong ch oacute

Viacute d

Vit neacutet ngang dagravei （ 长 横 ） t buacutet hơ i

mnh ưa buacutet sang phi hơ i hư ng lecircn trecircn vagrave

nh khi nhc buacutet hơ i hư ng xung dư i n nh

C neacutet trng thaacutei becircn traacutei thp becircn phi cao

vagrave phn cui neacutet hơ i truacutec xung一

Vit neacutet chm phi （ 右 点 ） t buacutet nh

ưa buacutet sang becircn phi xung dư i vagrave nhn

mnh dn to thagravenh neacutet hơ i cong lưng v becircn

phi ri nhc buacutet Vit neacutet chm iu quan

trng lagrave ch phi coacute quaacute trigravenh ưa buacutet ndash khaacutec

v i vit du chm丶

T caacutech vit caacutec neacutet ta coacute th thy quy lut

ưa buacutet ca caacutec neacutet thocircng thư ng caacutec neacutet

ngang s phy t buacutet hơ i mnh tay caacutec neacutet

chm maacutec t buacutet hơ i nh tay ch gp hơ idng buacutet hơ i nhn buacutet neacutet ht vagrave moacutec luacutec u

hơ i dng buacutet mnh tay cagraveng v sau cagraveng nh

tay vagrave nhanh to thagravenh neacutet nhn neacutet maacutec vagrave

phy khi nhc buacutet to thagravenh neacutet nhn

22 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t ch c th

Ch c th lagrave loi ch coacute k t cu ơ n gin

(c th) Kt cu ca ch c th coacute liecircn quanmt thit v i caacutec neacutet ca ch Coacute ngư i noacutei ldquoneacutet

sinh k t curdquo chiacutenh lagrave noacutei neacutet lagrave cơ s ca k t

cu k t cu khocircng th taacutech r i neacutet Chiacutenh vigrave th

khi vit ch khocircng ch phi chuacute yacute n k ĩ thut

vit caacutec neacutet magrave cograven phi chuacute yacute n higravenh thaacutei th

hin caacutec neacutet oacute trong tng ch c th

- K t c u ca ch c th

Mun vit ư c ch c th trư c tiecircn phi

nm ư c k t cu ca ch c th Theo丁 永 康

[3] k t cu ca ch c th coacute th chia thagravenh

caacutec loi sau Ch ly neacutet ngang lagravem ch 工

十 上 Ch ly neacutet s lagravem ch 千

午 甲

Ch ly neacutet phy maacutec lagravem ch

八

丈 木 Ch ly neacutet s moacutec lagravem ch 寸

我 事 Ch nhiu neacutet ngang

三 互 年

Ch nhiu neacutet s川 井 并

Ch nhiu neacutet

phy 禾 父 失 Ch nhiu neacutet chm兰

六 共 Ch thiecircn v nh

口 夕 刀 Ch

thiecircn v to人 尺 之

Ch vuocircng南

而 回 Ch thiecircn v dagravei 了 月 自 Ch

thiecircn v dt二 心 血

Ch hơ i nghiecircng

气 戈 飞

- Yecircu cu v k t c u khi vi t ch c th

Vit ch c th phi ngang bng s thng

trng tacircm n nh 干 年 半 Phy maacutec vư-

ơ n dagravei gi ư c cacircn bng米 未 衣

Ngang

s cacircn bng mau thưa cacircn i 具 真 甲

Xaacutec nh neacutet chiacutenh nm vng trng tacircm

土 左 我 Neacutet ch hocirc ng higravenh ch sinh

ng

23 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t b th

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983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151983086 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 98309198309598308598309298309240

B th lagrave b phn cu thagravenh ch cũng lagrave

mc tra ch Khi vit b th cũng cn chuacute yacute

t i v triacute ca b th trong ch b th becircn traacutei

b th becircn phi b th u ch b th aacutey

ch Ch c th khi lagravem thiecircn bagraveng (b th)

neacutet vagrave higravenh th ch s coacute mt s thay i

nhưng cugraveng mt b th trong nhng ch h pth coacute cugraveng k t cu thigrave caacutech vit cơ bn ging

nhau Vigrave th vit p thiecircn bagraveng nht lagrave caacutec

thiecircn bagraveng coacute tn sut t h p ch cao lagrave rt cn

thit

Vit b n （ 女 字 旁 ） Vit neacutet phy

chm phi vit hp (ng) vagrave dagravei neacutet phy th

hai nghiecircng hơ n neacutet phy th nht neacutet ngang

dagravei (ca ch c th 女 ) thagravenh neacutet ht vit

ngang vagrave khocircng ct qua neacutet phy th hai Viacute d

好 妈 姓

Vit b mc（ 木 字 旁 ） Vit neacutet ngang

ngn vit neacutet s thuỳ l ct neacutet ngang gn saacutet

u becircn phi t buacutet ch ct nhau gia hai

neacutet vit neacutet phy ngn t buacutet dư i ch ct

nhau mt chuacutet vit neacutet ch m phi - do neacutet maacutec

ca ch c th 木 bin thagravenh Viacute d 林

树 校

24 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t ch h p th

- K t c u ca ch h p th

Ch h p th lagrave ch coacute k t cu h p th do

hai hay nhiu b kin b th k t h p v i nhau

to thagravenh B th lagrave b kin cơ bn cu thagravenh

ch h p th Cugraveng mt b th nhưng caacutec ch

khaacutec nhau coacute th nhng v triacute khaacutec nhau vagrave

chim mt t l din tiacutech khaacutec nhau trong ch

vigrave th to necircn s a dng v higravenh thc t h p

ca ch h p th Khi vit ch h p th iuquan trng hơ n c lagrave chuacute yacute t l gia caacutec b

phn ca ch sao cho hagravei hoagrave cacircn i 丁 永 康

[3] phacircn k t cu ch h p th thagravenh caacutec loi k t

cu sau

+ Kt cu traacutei phi Ch coacute k t cu traacutei phi

lagrave do hai b phn sp xp theo trc ngang Do

rng hp dagravei ngn ca caacutec b phn cu thagravenh

ch khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t cu phi

traacutei khaacutec nhau Kt cu traacutei phi cơ bn bng

nhau故 科

Kt cu traacutei hp phi rng使

悦 Kt cu traacutei rng phi hp 到 都 Kt

cu traacutei dagravei phi ngn 知 拉 Kt cu traacutei

ngn phi dagravei听 观

Kt cu traacutei cht phi

lng 从 林

+ Kt cu traacutei gia phi Ch coacute k t cu traacutei

gia phi lagrave kiu ch do ba b phn sp xp

theo trc ngang Do rng hp dagravei ngn cacaacutec b phn khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t

cu traacutei gia phi u nhau hay khocircng u

nhau Kt cu traacutei gia phi cơ bn bng nhau

脚 谢 Kt cu traacutei gia hp phi rng

淋 似 Kt cu traacutei phi rng gia

hp 辩 班 Kt cu traacutei hp gia phi rng

湖 做

+ Kt cu trecircn dư i Ch coacute k t cu trecircn

dư i lagrave kiu ch do hai b phn sp xp theo

trc dc Kt cu trecircn dư i rng hp cao thpca caacutec b phn cu thagravenh ch khaacutec nhau magrave

to necircn caacutec kiu k t cu trecircn dư i khaacutec nhau

Kt cu trecircn dư i cơ bn bng nhau委 思

Kt cu trecircn cao dư i thp 热 怎 Kt cu

trecircn thp dư i cao芳 笔

Kt cu trecircn hp

dư i rng 见 美 Kt cu trecircn rng dư i

hp 京 食 Kt cu trecircn cht dư i lng

吕 哥

+ Kt cu trecircn gia dư i Ch coacute k t cutrecircn gia dư i lagrave kiu ch do ba b phn sp

xp theo trc dc Do rng hp cao thp ca

caacutec b phn khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t

cu trecircn gia dư i u nhau hay khocircng u

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983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 983091983095983085983092983092 41

nhau Kt cu trecircn gia dư i cơ bn bng nhau

急 意 Kt cu trecircn dư i thp gia cao

寒 燕

Kt cu trecircn dư i to gia nh

奔 常 Kt cu trecircn gia thp dư i cao

等 寄

+ Kt cu bao mt na Ch coacute k t cu bao

mt na lagrave kiu ch coacute hai hoc ba mt do caacutec

neacutet bao to thagravenh (theo khung) Do v triacute neacutet

khaacutec nhau magrave to thagravenh caacutec kiu ch khaacutec

nhau Kt cu bao na traacutei trecircn原 度

Kt

cu bao na traacutei dư i建 这

Kt cu bao na

phi trecircn 习 句 Kt cu bao ba mt traacutei

医 巨 Kt cu bao ba mt trecircn

同 间 Kt

cu bao ba mt dư i 山 画

+ Kt cu bao xung quanh Ch coacute k t cu

bao xung quanh lagrave kiu ch xung quanh u coacute

neacutet bao (to thagravenh khung) B nagravey gi lagrave b vi

Ch coacute k t cu bao kiu nagravey coacute ch higravenh th

tươ ng i to vagrave dagravei coacute ch higravenh th hơ i nh vagrave

vuocircng coacute ch higravenh th hơ i bt vagrave hơ i dagravei Ch

bao kiu nagravey to nh ca khung bao cũng lagrave

to nh ca ch 回 四

+ Kt cu higravenh tam giaacutec (higravenh ch phm)

Ch coacute k t cu higravenh tam giaacutec lagrave ch do ba b

ging nhau ư c sp xp theo kiu higravenh tam

giaacutec to thagravenh Khi vit b trecircn vit chiacutenh

gia phiacutea trecircn hai b dư i vit cacircn i hai

becircn traacutei phi to nh ca ba b cơ bn ging

nhau chuacute yacute s như ng neacutet gia caacutec b 众 森

- B cc vagrave thn thaacutei ca ch h p th

Khi vit ch h p th ngoagravei vic phi nm

ư c higravenh thc t h p vagrave t l k t cu ca ch

cograven phi chuacute yacute n b cc vagrave thn thaacutei ca ch thigrave ch vit m i hagravei hoagrave m i coacute thn B cc

ca ch h p th coacute th phacircn lagravem caacutec loi sau

+ Mau vagrave thưa Mau vagrave thưa lagrave ch ch

trng trong ch do caacutec neacutet to thagravenh nhiu hay

iacutet (rng hay hp) Ch coacute iacutet neacutet thigrave ch trng

nhiu - thưa 如 从 ch coacute nhiu neacutet thigrave ch

trng iacutet ndash mau繁 戴

+ Cao vagrave rng Cao vagrave rng lagrave ch t th ca

ch h p th do caacutec higravenh thc t h p khaacutec nhau

to thagravenh cao hoc rng Ch coacute k t cu trecircn d-

ư i hoc trecircn gia dư i thư ng coacute t th cao

鼻 墨 ch coacute k t cu traacutei phi hoc traacutei gia

phi thư ng coacute t th rng 把 腿

+ Hư ng vagraveo nhau vagrave quay lưng vagraveo nhau

Hư ng vagraveo nhau vagrave quay lưng vagraveo nhau lagrave ch hai b phn ca ch h p th coacute k t cu traacutei phi

hư ng vagraveo nhau 切 路 hay quay lưng li v i

nhau 北 犯

Khi vit ch h p th ngoagravei vic chuacute yacute n

k ĩ thut vit caacutec neacutet cograven phi chuacute yacute n vic

bin th ca caacutec neacutet - s tip như ng gia caacutec

neacutet ca ch to necircn s hagravei hogravea gia caacutec neacutet

vagrave s cacircn i ca ch Dư i acircy necircu mt vagravei viacute

d so saacutenh 女 --- 奶 好 妻 要

Ch n - b n Khi lagrave ch c th neacutet

chm lagrave neacutet chm phi dagravei nhưng khi lagrave mt b

(b kin) ca ch thigrave neacutet chm phi dagravei nagravey coacutekhi vit thagravenh neacutet chm phi ngn coacute khi vn

vit lagrave neacutet chm phi dagravei

25 Caacutec bư c d y hc vi t vagrave higravenh th c luynvi t ch Haacuten

- Caacutec bư c d y hc vi t ch Haacuten

Khi dy hc vit ch Haacuten trecircn l p cn chuacute yacute

caacutec bư c

+ Quan saacutet ch mu Sinh viecircn quan saacutet ch

mu nhn bit neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutecb kin vagrave quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca

ch Ch mu coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vit trecircn bng

cũng coacute th dugraveng ch mu coacute sn th ch hoc

dugraveng maacutey chiu chiu ch mu

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+ Giaacuteo viecircn hư ng dn Giaacuteo viecircn vit li

ch nhưng va vit va thuyt minh v neacutet b

kin k t cu t l caacutec b kin quy tc vit (quy

tc thun buacutet) ca ch cũng coacute th dugraveng

phươ ng phaacutep necircu cacircu hi dugraveng ch mu coacute sn

necircu cacircu hi v neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutec b

kin quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca ch

cũng coacute th k t h p c hai phươ ng phaacutep trecircn

giuacutep sinh viecircn nm ư c mt caacutech chiacutenh xaacutec

+ Sinh viecircn tp vit Sinh viecircn tp vit theo

ch quy phm

+ Giaacuteo viecircn nhn xeacutet aacutenh giaacute Khi sinh

viecircn tp vit giaacuteo viecircn coacute th quan saacutet vic tp

vit ca sinh viecircn ri aacutenh giaacute hư ng dn sasai khi cn thit

+ Giaacuteo viecircn ra bagravei tp luyn vit Giaacuteo viecircn

ra bagravei tp yecircu cu sinh viecircn luyn vit ch Haacuten

Bagravei tp coacute th hoagraven thagravenh trecircn l p nu coacute th igian cũng coacute th hoagraven thagravenh nhagrave n hn

giaacuteo viecircn kim tra vagrave aacutenh giaacute vic hoagraven thagravenh

bagravei tp ca sinh viecircn

Khi dy hc vit ch cũng cn chuacute yacute k t

h p v i vic dy hc acircm c vagrave ngh ĩ a (vagrave coacute

th c caacutech dugraveng) ca ch vic hc ch t

ư c d dagraveng vagrave nhanh choacuteng hơ n- Caacutec higravenh th c luyn t p vi t ch Haacuten

Khi luyn vit sinh viecircn coacute th luyn tp

theo caacutec higravenh thc sau

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech quan saacutet ch mu

Khi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn

phi quan saacutet ch mu ri vit theo s quan saacutet

phacircn tiacutech t th ca migravenh Ch mu coacute th do

giaacuteo viecircn vit (ch quy phm) cũng coacute th ch

mu in sn (phiu t) ch mu trong giaacuteo trigravenh

hellip Luyn vit trecircn giy k ocirc-li vuocircng vigrave như

th d xaacutec nh v triacute cũng như t l ca tng b

phn cu to ch

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech tocirc theo ch mu

Luyn tp vit ch Haacuten cũng coacute th luyn bng

caacutech tocirc theo ch mu trecircn caacutec loi v tp vit

ch Haacuten

26 X liacute caacutec m i quan h trong d y hc vi tch

Dy hc vit ch Haacuten lagrave mocircn hc k ĩ năng

ch yu da vagraveo vic luyn tp ca sinh viecircn

Vigrave th khi dy hc vit ch phi ging iacutet luyn

nhiu Ch ging nhng kin thc quan trng

cn thit lagravem cơ s giuacutep sinh viecircn vit uacuteng

vit p Ging phi k t h p v i viacute d thc t

minh ha Trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn phi tin hagravenh

bagravei tp v caacutec neacutet quy tc vit k t cuhellip acircy

lagrave loi bagravei tp bt buc khocircng th thiu vigrave noacute lagravecơ s ca vic dy hc ch Haacuten Nhưng cũng

khocircng th luyn riecircng matildei loi bagravei tp nagravey vigrave d

gacircy cm giaacutec ơ n iu chaacuten vit cho sinh viecircn

magrave cn k t h p v i bagravei tp coacute th gacircy hng thuacute

hc i v i sinh viecircn như quy loi b th (thiecircn

bagraveng) ch ng acircm ch cn th trograve chơ i ch

cacircu v chhellip Lagravem như th khocircng nhng regraven

luyn ư c k ĩ năng vit ch magrave cograven nacircng cao

ư c kin thc ch Haacuten tăng thecircm hng thuacute

hc ch Haacuten tăng nhanh kh năng nh ch ca

sinh viecircn Khi dy hc vit ch cn coacute s nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute ch vit ca sinh viecircn Vic nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn tin hagravenh

cũng coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vagrave sinh viecircn cugraveng tin

hagravenh Lagravem như th khocircng ch kim tra ư cnăng lc vit ch magrave cograven regraven luyn ư c năng

lc phacircn tiacutech li sai ch ra caacutei uacuteng ca s ocircng

sinh viecircn

3 V t ch c dy hc vit ch

nacircng cao cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten casinh viecircn ngoagravei vic dugraveng nhng bin phaacutep coacute

tiacutenh quyt nh như phươ ng phaacutep dy vagrave hc

vit ch cograven phi quan tacircm n caacutec bin phaacutep

v vic t chc dy hc Nhng bin phaacutep nagravey

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tuy khocircng trc tip regraven luyn k ĩ năng vit ch

song oacute lagrave nhng bin phaacutep khocircng th thiu

nacircng cao cht lư ng ch vit ca sinh viecircn

31 Gi d y hc vi t trecircn l p

giai on u hc ting Haacuten sinh viecircn

bt u tip xuacutec v i mt loi ch m i ndash ch

Haacuten necircn coacute nhiu khoacute khăn Trong giai on

nagravey cn coacute nhng gi chuyecircn dy vagrave luyn vit

ch Haacuten dy nhng kin thc cơ bn v ch

Haacuten như caacutec neacutet cơ bn ca ch quy tc vit

ch k t cu ca ch t l k t cu ca ch vagrave

regraven luyn k năng cơ bn v vit ch cho sinh

viecircn Nu coacute th hc kigrave mt ( hc kigrave 1 8 )mi tun necircn coacute mt tit dy hc vit ch Haacuten

Cograven nu như th i lư ng khocircng cho pheacutep thigrave iacutet

nht cũng phi coacute 7- 8 tit 7- 8 tun u dagravenh

riecircng dy ndash luyn vit ch

32 Giaacuteo viecircn d y vi t ch

Bin phaacutep t chc thun l i nht lagrave giaacuteo

viecircn ging dy l p nagraveo thigrave dy vit l p oacute

Lagravem như th khocircng nhng thun tin cho vic

sp xp th i khoaacute biu magrave cograven thun l i hơ n rt

nhiu khi giaacuteo viecircn oacute nm ư c tigravenh higravenh thc

t v hc ting Haacuten noacutei chung vagrave tigravenh higravenh vit

ch Haacuten noacutei riecircng ca sinh viecircn l p oacute Song

thc t khocircng phi giaacuteo viecircn nagraveo m nhn dy

hc kigrave nagravey (hc kigrave 1 8) vit ch Haacuten cũng

uacuteng quy phm vagrave iu nagravey coacute nh hư ng

khocircng tt t i cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten ca sinh

viecircn Chiacutenh vigrave th cn coacute vagravei ba giaacuteo viecircn vit

ch quy phm vit ch p m nhn vic nagravey

33 Ki m tra aacutenh giaacute

Cn coi vic luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave tin

t i vit ch Haacuten chun mc i v i sinh viecircn hc kigrave u vagrave năm th nht lagrave bt buc giai

on nagravey giaacuteo viecircn cn coacute nhng bagravei tp v i

nhng yecircu cu c th sinh viecircn thc hin

trecircn l p hoc nhagrave Giaacuteo viecircn coacute k hoch

kim tra aacutenh giaacute vic vit ch ng viecircn vagrave

khc phc k p th i nhng im mnh yu ca

sinh viecircn

Kt qu bagravei kim tra gia kigrave vagrave bagravei thi hc

phn ca năm th nht vagrave coacute th c năm th

hai necircn coacute mt phn im lagrave im aacutenh giaacute v

ch vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi kigrave mt năm th

nht dagravenh t 1 - 1510 im aacutenh giaacute ch

vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi năm th hai dagravenh t

05 - 110 im lagrave im ch vit iu nagravey nu

thc hin thigrave ngay t khi bt u hc hc kigrave

u tiecircn cn noacutei rotilde cho sinh viecircn bit regraven

luyn phn u

34 Chu n b ca sinh viecircn

Sinh viecircn cn nhn thc y v vic cn

thit phi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch

Haacuten chun mc Hin nay mt s sinh viecircn cho

rng khocircng cn phi luyn vit ch quy phm

vit ch p vigrave atilde coacute s tr giuacutep ca maacutey tiacutenh

acircy lagrave mt nhn thc khocircng uacuteng v hc vagrave

vit ch Haacuten noacutei chung cagraveng khocircng uacuteng v i

sinh viecircn sư phm ting Haacuten noacutei riecircng Vigrave th sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b cho vic hc vit

ch Haacuten Vit ch Haacuten nhiu cograven khin nh ch lacircu oacute cũng lagrave iu kin quan trng hc

tt ting Haacuten Sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b nht

nh cho vic tp vit như

+ Chun b v tinh thn Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c khoacute khăn khi hc vit ch Haacuten

sn sagraveng thc hin vagrave hoagraven thagravenh tt cocircng

vic nagravey

+ Chun b v th i gian Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c vit ch Haacuten uacuteng quy phm(t chun) vit p khocircng th ch trong ngagravey

mt ngagravey hai magrave phi ư c tin hagravenh trong th igian dagravei tn nhiu th i gian coacute k hoch c

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983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151983086 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 98309198309598308598309298309244

th dagravenh lư ng th i gian thiacutech h p cho vic

luyn tp vit ch Haacuten

+ Chun b v dugraveng hc tp V tp vitlagrave v coacute k ocirc-li vuocircng hoc coacute iu kin thigrave

mua v tp vit atilde coacute sn ch Haacuten vit theo

hoc tocirc theo Buacutet tp vit phi lagrave buacutet maacutey (buacutet

mc) vigrave vit bng loi buacutet nagravey m i d vit thagravenh

neacutet thanh neacutet m

35 T ch c ngoi khoaacute cacircu lc b

Tuỳ theo iu kin c th t chc caacutec

hot ng ngoi khoaacute v ch Haacuten t chc caacutec

cacircu lc b thư phaacutep gacircy hng thuacute vagrave to

iu kin cho nhiu sinh viecircn coacute nhiu cơ hihc vagrave vit ch Haacuten như vit ch p vit ch

nhanh nh ch ch vit ch Haacuten bng buacutet

locircng vit ch Haacuten theo caacutec kiu ch tigravem hiu

v ch Haacutenhellip

4 Kt lun

Vit ch Haacuten cacircn i p lagrave mt k ĩ năng

K ĩ năng nagravey cn ư c regraven luyn trong mt quaacute

trigravenh trecircn cơ s nm vng caacutec kin thc cơ bn

v ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch Haacuten Khi dy hc vit

ch khocircng ch phi c bit chuacute yacute n phươ ng

phaacutep dy hc vit neacutet vit ch magrave cograven phi chuacute

yacute n vic t chc dy hc Vit uacuteng ch Haacuten

atilde khoacute vit ch theo quy phm vit p li

cagraveng khoacute necircn cn coacute s quan tacircm vagrave u tư

thiacutech aacuteng

Tagravei liu tham kho

[1] 骆 小 所 主 编 （ 1999） 现 代 汉 语 引 论 云 南 人 民 出

版 社

[2] 赵 金 铭 总 主 编 （ 2006） 对 外 汉 字 教 学 研 究

商 务 印 书 馆

[3] 丁 永 康 （ 2003） 钢 笔 字 写 新 技 法 金 盾 出 版 社

Measures to Improve Chinese Character Writing Quality of

Students at Department of Chinese Language and Culture

ULIS - VNU

Lecirc Xuacircn Tho

Chinese Department VNU University of Languages and International Studies

Phm V ăn ng street C u Gi y Hanoi Vietnam

Abstract Teaching and learning Chinese characters of which writing Chinese characters properly

is an essential requirement plays an important role Nowadays there are many students at Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU whose writing does not meet the standard which has

negative effects on the quality of learning Chinese characters as well as Chinese language This paper

suggests some measures in relation to Chinese characters teaching and learning methodology togetherwith teaching - learning organization in order to mprove the writing quality of students of Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU

Keywords Writing Chinese characters Chinese characters Chinese character structure Chinese

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983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151983086 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 98309198309598308598309298309240

B th lagrave b phn cu thagravenh ch cũng lagrave

mc tra ch Khi vit b th cũng cn chuacute yacute

t i v triacute ca b th trong ch b th becircn traacutei

b th becircn phi b th u ch b th aacutey

ch Ch c th khi lagravem thiecircn bagraveng (b th)

neacutet vagrave higravenh th ch s coacute mt s thay i

nhưng cugraveng mt b th trong nhng ch h pth coacute cugraveng k t cu thigrave caacutech vit cơ bn ging

nhau Vigrave th vit p thiecircn bagraveng nht lagrave caacutec

thiecircn bagraveng coacute tn sut t h p ch cao lagrave rt cn

thit

Vit b n （ 女 字 旁 ） Vit neacutet phy

chm phi vit hp (ng) vagrave dagravei neacutet phy th

hai nghiecircng hơ n neacutet phy th nht neacutet ngang

dagravei (ca ch c th 女 ) thagravenh neacutet ht vit

ngang vagrave khocircng ct qua neacutet phy th hai Viacute d

好 妈 姓

Vit b mc（ 木 字 旁 ） Vit neacutet ngang

ngn vit neacutet s thuỳ l ct neacutet ngang gn saacutet

u becircn phi t buacutet ch ct nhau gia hai

neacutet vit neacutet phy ngn t buacutet dư i ch ct

nhau mt chuacutet vit neacutet ch m phi - do neacutet maacutec

ca ch c th 木 bin thagravenh Viacute d 林

树 校

24 K ĩ thut d y hc vi t ch h p th

- K t c u ca ch h p th

Ch h p th lagrave ch coacute k t cu h p th do

hai hay nhiu b kin b th k t h p v i nhau

to thagravenh B th lagrave b kin cơ bn cu thagravenh

ch h p th Cugraveng mt b th nhưng caacutec ch

khaacutec nhau coacute th nhng v triacute khaacutec nhau vagrave

chim mt t l din tiacutech khaacutec nhau trong ch

vigrave th to necircn s a dng v higravenh thc t h p

ca ch h p th Khi vit ch h p th iuquan trng hơ n c lagrave chuacute yacute t l gia caacutec b

phn ca ch sao cho hagravei hoagrave cacircn i 丁 永 康

[3] phacircn k t cu ch h p th thagravenh caacutec loi k t

cu sau

+ Kt cu traacutei phi Ch coacute k t cu traacutei phi

lagrave do hai b phn sp xp theo trc ngang Do

rng hp dagravei ngn ca caacutec b phn cu thagravenh

ch khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t cu phi

traacutei khaacutec nhau Kt cu traacutei phi cơ bn bng

nhau故 科

Kt cu traacutei hp phi rng使

悦 Kt cu traacutei rng phi hp 到 都 Kt

cu traacutei dagravei phi ngn 知 拉 Kt cu traacutei

ngn phi dagravei听 观

Kt cu traacutei cht phi

lng 从 林

+ Kt cu traacutei gia phi Ch coacute k t cu traacutei

gia phi lagrave kiu ch do ba b phn sp xp

theo trc ngang Do rng hp dagravei ngn cacaacutec b phn khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t

cu traacutei gia phi u nhau hay khocircng u

nhau Kt cu traacutei gia phi cơ bn bng nhau

脚 谢 Kt cu traacutei gia hp phi rng

淋 似 Kt cu traacutei phi rng gia

hp 辩 班 Kt cu traacutei hp gia phi rng

湖 做

+ Kt cu trecircn dư i Ch coacute k t cu trecircn

dư i lagrave kiu ch do hai b phn sp xp theo

trc dc Kt cu trecircn dư i rng hp cao thpca caacutec b phn cu thagravenh ch khaacutec nhau magrave

to necircn caacutec kiu k t cu trecircn dư i khaacutec nhau

Kt cu trecircn dư i cơ bn bng nhau委 思

Kt cu trecircn cao dư i thp 热 怎 Kt cu

trecircn thp dư i cao芳 笔

Kt cu trecircn hp

dư i rng 见 美 Kt cu trecircn rng dư i

hp 京 食 Kt cu trecircn cht dư i lng

吕 哥

+ Kt cu trecircn gia dư i Ch coacute k t cutrecircn gia dư i lagrave kiu ch do ba b phn sp

xp theo trc dc Do rng hp cao thp ca

caacutec b phn khaacutec nhau magrave to necircn caacutec kiu k t

cu trecircn gia dư i u nhau hay khocircng u

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nhau Kt cu trecircn gia dư i cơ bn bng nhau

急 意 Kt cu trecircn dư i thp gia cao

寒 燕

Kt cu trecircn dư i to gia nh

奔 常 Kt cu trecircn gia thp dư i cao

等 寄

+ Kt cu bao mt na Ch coacute k t cu bao

mt na lagrave kiu ch coacute hai hoc ba mt do caacutec

neacutet bao to thagravenh (theo khung) Do v triacute neacutet

khaacutec nhau magrave to thagravenh caacutec kiu ch khaacutec

nhau Kt cu bao na traacutei trecircn原 度

Kt

cu bao na traacutei dư i建 这

Kt cu bao na

phi trecircn 习 句 Kt cu bao ba mt traacutei

医 巨 Kt cu bao ba mt trecircn

同 间 Kt

cu bao ba mt dư i 山 画

+ Kt cu bao xung quanh Ch coacute k t cu

bao xung quanh lagrave kiu ch xung quanh u coacute

neacutet bao (to thagravenh khung) B nagravey gi lagrave b vi

Ch coacute k t cu bao kiu nagravey coacute ch higravenh th

tươ ng i to vagrave dagravei coacute ch higravenh th hơ i nh vagrave

vuocircng coacute ch higravenh th hơ i bt vagrave hơ i dagravei Ch

bao kiu nagravey to nh ca khung bao cũng lagrave

to nh ca ch 回 四

+ Kt cu higravenh tam giaacutec (higravenh ch phm)

Ch coacute k t cu higravenh tam giaacutec lagrave ch do ba b

ging nhau ư c sp xp theo kiu higravenh tam

giaacutec to thagravenh Khi vit b trecircn vit chiacutenh

gia phiacutea trecircn hai b dư i vit cacircn i hai

becircn traacutei phi to nh ca ba b cơ bn ging

nhau chuacute yacute s như ng neacutet gia caacutec b 众 森

- B cc vagrave thn thaacutei ca ch h p th

Khi vit ch h p th ngoagravei vic phi nm

ư c higravenh thc t h p vagrave t l k t cu ca ch

cograven phi chuacute yacute n b cc vagrave thn thaacutei ca ch thigrave ch vit m i hagravei hoagrave m i coacute thn B cc

ca ch h p th coacute th phacircn lagravem caacutec loi sau

+ Mau vagrave thưa Mau vagrave thưa lagrave ch ch

trng trong ch do caacutec neacutet to thagravenh nhiu hay

iacutet (rng hay hp) Ch coacute iacutet neacutet thigrave ch trng

nhiu - thưa 如 从 ch coacute nhiu neacutet thigrave ch

trng iacutet ndash mau繁 戴

+ Cao vagrave rng Cao vagrave rng lagrave ch t th ca

ch h p th do caacutec higravenh thc t h p khaacutec nhau

to thagravenh cao hoc rng Ch coacute k t cu trecircn d-

ư i hoc trecircn gia dư i thư ng coacute t th cao

鼻 墨 ch coacute k t cu traacutei phi hoc traacutei gia

phi thư ng coacute t th rng 把 腿

+ Hư ng vagraveo nhau vagrave quay lưng vagraveo nhau

Hư ng vagraveo nhau vagrave quay lưng vagraveo nhau lagrave ch hai b phn ca ch h p th coacute k t cu traacutei phi

hư ng vagraveo nhau 切 路 hay quay lưng li v i

nhau 北 犯

Khi vit ch h p th ngoagravei vic chuacute yacute n

k ĩ thut vit caacutec neacutet cograven phi chuacute yacute n vic

bin th ca caacutec neacutet - s tip như ng gia caacutec

neacutet ca ch to necircn s hagravei hogravea gia caacutec neacutet

vagrave s cacircn i ca ch Dư i acircy necircu mt vagravei viacute

d so saacutenh 女 --- 奶 好 妻 要

Ch n - b n Khi lagrave ch c th neacutet

chm lagrave neacutet chm phi dagravei nhưng khi lagrave mt b

(b kin) ca ch thigrave neacutet chm phi dagravei nagravey coacutekhi vit thagravenh neacutet chm phi ngn coacute khi vn

vit lagrave neacutet chm phi dagravei

25 Caacutec bư c d y hc vi t vagrave higravenh th c luynvi t ch Haacuten

- Caacutec bư c d y hc vi t ch Haacuten

Khi dy hc vit ch Haacuten trecircn l p cn chuacute yacute

caacutec bư c

+ Quan saacutet ch mu Sinh viecircn quan saacutet ch

mu nhn bit neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutecb kin vagrave quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca

ch Ch mu coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vit trecircn bng

cũng coacute th dugraveng ch mu coacute sn th ch hoc

dugraveng maacutey chiu chiu ch mu

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+ Giaacuteo viecircn hư ng dn Giaacuteo viecircn vit li

ch nhưng va vit va thuyt minh v neacutet b

kin k t cu t l caacutec b kin quy tc vit (quy

tc thun buacutet) ca ch cũng coacute th dugraveng

phươ ng phaacutep necircu cacircu hi dugraveng ch mu coacute sn

necircu cacircu hi v neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutec b

kin quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca ch

cũng coacute th k t h p c hai phươ ng phaacutep trecircn

giuacutep sinh viecircn nm ư c mt caacutech chiacutenh xaacutec

+ Sinh viecircn tp vit Sinh viecircn tp vit theo

ch quy phm

+ Giaacuteo viecircn nhn xeacutet aacutenh giaacute Khi sinh

viecircn tp vit giaacuteo viecircn coacute th quan saacutet vic tp

vit ca sinh viecircn ri aacutenh giaacute hư ng dn sasai khi cn thit

+ Giaacuteo viecircn ra bagravei tp luyn vit Giaacuteo viecircn

ra bagravei tp yecircu cu sinh viecircn luyn vit ch Haacuten

Bagravei tp coacute th hoagraven thagravenh trecircn l p nu coacute th igian cũng coacute th hoagraven thagravenh nhagrave n hn

giaacuteo viecircn kim tra vagrave aacutenh giaacute vic hoagraven thagravenh

bagravei tp ca sinh viecircn

Khi dy hc vit ch cũng cn chuacute yacute k t

h p v i vic dy hc acircm c vagrave ngh ĩ a (vagrave coacute

th c caacutech dugraveng) ca ch vic hc ch t

ư c d dagraveng vagrave nhanh choacuteng hơ n- Caacutec higravenh th c luyn t p vi t ch Haacuten

Khi luyn vit sinh viecircn coacute th luyn tp

theo caacutec higravenh thc sau

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech quan saacutet ch mu

Khi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn

phi quan saacutet ch mu ri vit theo s quan saacutet

phacircn tiacutech t th ca migravenh Ch mu coacute th do

giaacuteo viecircn vit (ch quy phm) cũng coacute th ch

mu in sn (phiu t) ch mu trong giaacuteo trigravenh

hellip Luyn vit trecircn giy k ocirc-li vuocircng vigrave như

th d xaacutec nh v triacute cũng như t l ca tng b

phn cu to ch

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech tocirc theo ch mu

Luyn tp vit ch Haacuten cũng coacute th luyn bng

caacutech tocirc theo ch mu trecircn caacutec loi v tp vit

ch Haacuten

26 X liacute caacutec m i quan h trong d y hc vi tch

Dy hc vit ch Haacuten lagrave mocircn hc k ĩ năng

ch yu da vagraveo vic luyn tp ca sinh viecircn

Vigrave th khi dy hc vit ch phi ging iacutet luyn

nhiu Ch ging nhng kin thc quan trng

cn thit lagravem cơ s giuacutep sinh viecircn vit uacuteng

vit p Ging phi k t h p v i viacute d thc t

minh ha Trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn phi tin hagravenh

bagravei tp v caacutec neacutet quy tc vit k t cuhellip acircy

lagrave loi bagravei tp bt buc khocircng th thiu vigrave noacute lagravecơ s ca vic dy hc ch Haacuten Nhưng cũng

khocircng th luyn riecircng matildei loi bagravei tp nagravey vigrave d

gacircy cm giaacutec ơ n iu chaacuten vit cho sinh viecircn

magrave cn k t h p v i bagravei tp coacute th gacircy hng thuacute

hc i v i sinh viecircn như quy loi b th (thiecircn

bagraveng) ch ng acircm ch cn th trograve chơ i ch

cacircu v chhellip Lagravem như th khocircng nhng regraven

luyn ư c k ĩ năng vit ch magrave cograven nacircng cao

ư c kin thc ch Haacuten tăng thecircm hng thuacute

hc ch Haacuten tăng nhanh kh năng nh ch ca

sinh viecircn Khi dy hc vit ch cn coacute s nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute ch vit ca sinh viecircn Vic nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn tin hagravenh

cũng coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vagrave sinh viecircn cugraveng tin

hagravenh Lagravem như th khocircng ch kim tra ư cnăng lc vit ch magrave cograven regraven luyn ư c năng

lc phacircn tiacutech li sai ch ra caacutei uacuteng ca s ocircng

sinh viecircn

3 V t ch c dy hc vit ch

nacircng cao cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten casinh viecircn ngoagravei vic dugraveng nhng bin phaacutep coacute

tiacutenh quyt nh như phươ ng phaacutep dy vagrave hc

vit ch cograven phi quan tacircm n caacutec bin phaacutep

v vic t chc dy hc Nhng bin phaacutep nagravey

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983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 983091983095983085983092983092 43

tuy khocircng trc tip regraven luyn k ĩ năng vit ch

song oacute lagrave nhng bin phaacutep khocircng th thiu

nacircng cao cht lư ng ch vit ca sinh viecircn

31 Gi d y hc vi t trecircn l p

giai on u hc ting Haacuten sinh viecircn

bt u tip xuacutec v i mt loi ch m i ndash ch

Haacuten necircn coacute nhiu khoacute khăn Trong giai on

nagravey cn coacute nhng gi chuyecircn dy vagrave luyn vit

ch Haacuten dy nhng kin thc cơ bn v ch

Haacuten như caacutec neacutet cơ bn ca ch quy tc vit

ch k t cu ca ch t l k t cu ca ch vagrave

regraven luyn k năng cơ bn v vit ch cho sinh

viecircn Nu coacute th hc kigrave mt ( hc kigrave 1 8 )mi tun necircn coacute mt tit dy hc vit ch Haacuten

Cograven nu như th i lư ng khocircng cho pheacutep thigrave iacutet

nht cũng phi coacute 7- 8 tit 7- 8 tun u dagravenh

riecircng dy ndash luyn vit ch

32 Giaacuteo viecircn d y vi t ch

Bin phaacutep t chc thun l i nht lagrave giaacuteo

viecircn ging dy l p nagraveo thigrave dy vit l p oacute

Lagravem như th khocircng nhng thun tin cho vic

sp xp th i khoaacute biu magrave cograven thun l i hơ n rt

nhiu khi giaacuteo viecircn oacute nm ư c tigravenh higravenh thc

t v hc ting Haacuten noacutei chung vagrave tigravenh higravenh vit

ch Haacuten noacutei riecircng ca sinh viecircn l p oacute Song

thc t khocircng phi giaacuteo viecircn nagraveo m nhn dy

hc kigrave nagravey (hc kigrave 1 8) vit ch Haacuten cũng

uacuteng quy phm vagrave iu nagravey coacute nh hư ng

khocircng tt t i cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten ca sinh

viecircn Chiacutenh vigrave th cn coacute vagravei ba giaacuteo viecircn vit

ch quy phm vit ch p m nhn vic nagravey

33 Ki m tra aacutenh giaacute

Cn coi vic luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave tin

t i vit ch Haacuten chun mc i v i sinh viecircn hc kigrave u vagrave năm th nht lagrave bt buc giai

on nagravey giaacuteo viecircn cn coacute nhng bagravei tp v i

nhng yecircu cu c th sinh viecircn thc hin

trecircn l p hoc nhagrave Giaacuteo viecircn coacute k hoch

kim tra aacutenh giaacute vic vit ch ng viecircn vagrave

khc phc k p th i nhng im mnh yu ca

sinh viecircn

Kt qu bagravei kim tra gia kigrave vagrave bagravei thi hc

phn ca năm th nht vagrave coacute th c năm th

hai necircn coacute mt phn im lagrave im aacutenh giaacute v

ch vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi kigrave mt năm th

nht dagravenh t 1 - 1510 im aacutenh giaacute ch

vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi năm th hai dagravenh t

05 - 110 im lagrave im ch vit iu nagravey nu

thc hin thigrave ngay t khi bt u hc hc kigrave

u tiecircn cn noacutei rotilde cho sinh viecircn bit regraven

luyn phn u

34 Chu n b ca sinh viecircn

Sinh viecircn cn nhn thc y v vic cn

thit phi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch

Haacuten chun mc Hin nay mt s sinh viecircn cho

rng khocircng cn phi luyn vit ch quy phm

vit ch p vigrave atilde coacute s tr giuacutep ca maacutey tiacutenh

acircy lagrave mt nhn thc khocircng uacuteng v hc vagrave

vit ch Haacuten noacutei chung cagraveng khocircng uacuteng v i

sinh viecircn sư phm ting Haacuten noacutei riecircng Vigrave th sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b cho vic hc vit

ch Haacuten Vit ch Haacuten nhiu cograven khin nh ch lacircu oacute cũng lagrave iu kin quan trng hc

tt ting Haacuten Sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b nht

nh cho vic tp vit như

+ Chun b v tinh thn Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c khoacute khăn khi hc vit ch Haacuten

sn sagraveng thc hin vagrave hoagraven thagravenh tt cocircng

vic nagravey

+ Chun b v th i gian Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c vit ch Haacuten uacuteng quy phm(t chun) vit p khocircng th ch trong ngagravey

mt ngagravey hai magrave phi ư c tin hagravenh trong th igian dagravei tn nhiu th i gian coacute k hoch c

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th dagravenh lư ng th i gian thiacutech h p cho vic

luyn tp vit ch Haacuten

+ Chun b v dugraveng hc tp V tp vitlagrave v coacute k ocirc-li vuocircng hoc coacute iu kin thigrave

mua v tp vit atilde coacute sn ch Haacuten vit theo

hoc tocirc theo Buacutet tp vit phi lagrave buacutet maacutey (buacutet

mc) vigrave vit bng loi buacutet nagravey m i d vit thagravenh

neacutet thanh neacutet m

35 T ch c ngoi khoaacute cacircu lc b

Tuỳ theo iu kin c th t chc caacutec

hot ng ngoi khoaacute v ch Haacuten t chc caacutec

cacircu lc b thư phaacutep gacircy hng thuacute vagrave to

iu kin cho nhiu sinh viecircn coacute nhiu cơ hihc vagrave vit ch Haacuten như vit ch p vit ch

nhanh nh ch ch vit ch Haacuten bng buacutet

locircng vit ch Haacuten theo caacutec kiu ch tigravem hiu

v ch Haacutenhellip

4 Kt lun

Vit ch Haacuten cacircn i p lagrave mt k ĩ năng

K ĩ năng nagravey cn ư c regraven luyn trong mt quaacute

trigravenh trecircn cơ s nm vng caacutec kin thc cơ bn

v ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch Haacuten Khi dy hc vit

ch khocircng ch phi c bit chuacute yacute n phươ ng

phaacutep dy hc vit neacutet vit ch magrave cograven phi chuacute

yacute n vic t chc dy hc Vit uacuteng ch Haacuten

atilde khoacute vit ch theo quy phm vit p li

cagraveng khoacute necircn cn coacute s quan tacircm vagrave u tư

thiacutech aacuteng

Tagravei liu tham kho

[1] 骆 小 所 主 编 （ 1999） 现 代 汉 语 引 论 云 南 人 民 出

版 社

[2] 赵 金 铭 总 主 编 （ 2006） 对 外 汉 字 教 学 研 究

商 务 印 书 馆

[3] 丁 永 康 （ 2003） 钢 笔 字 写 新 技 法 金 盾 出 版 社

Measures to Improve Chinese Character Writing Quality of

Students at Department of Chinese Language and Culture

ULIS - VNU

Lecirc Xuacircn Tho

Chinese Department VNU University of Languages and International Studies

Phm V ăn ng street C u Gi y Hanoi Vietnam

Abstract Teaching and learning Chinese characters of which writing Chinese characters properly

is an essential requirement plays an important role Nowadays there are many students at Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU whose writing does not meet the standard which has

negative effects on the quality of learning Chinese characters as well as Chinese language This paper

suggests some measures in relation to Chinese characters teaching and learning methodology togetherwith teaching - learning organization in order to mprove the writing quality of students of Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU

Keywords Writing Chinese characters Chinese characters Chinese character structure Chinese

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nhau Kt cu trecircn gia dư i cơ bn bng nhau

急 意 Kt cu trecircn dư i thp gia cao

寒 燕

Kt cu trecircn dư i to gia nh

奔 常 Kt cu trecircn gia thp dư i cao

等 寄

+ Kt cu bao mt na Ch coacute k t cu bao

mt na lagrave kiu ch coacute hai hoc ba mt do caacutec

neacutet bao to thagravenh (theo khung) Do v triacute neacutet

khaacutec nhau magrave to thagravenh caacutec kiu ch khaacutec

nhau Kt cu bao na traacutei trecircn原 度

Kt

cu bao na traacutei dư i建 这

Kt cu bao na

phi trecircn 习 句 Kt cu bao ba mt traacutei

医 巨 Kt cu bao ba mt trecircn

同 间 Kt

cu bao ba mt dư i 山 画

+ Kt cu bao xung quanh Ch coacute k t cu

bao xung quanh lagrave kiu ch xung quanh u coacute

neacutet bao (to thagravenh khung) B nagravey gi lagrave b vi

Ch coacute k t cu bao kiu nagravey coacute ch higravenh th

tươ ng i to vagrave dagravei coacute ch higravenh th hơ i nh vagrave

vuocircng coacute ch higravenh th hơ i bt vagrave hơ i dagravei Ch

bao kiu nagravey to nh ca khung bao cũng lagrave

to nh ca ch 回 四

+ Kt cu higravenh tam giaacutec (higravenh ch phm)

Ch coacute k t cu higravenh tam giaacutec lagrave ch do ba b

ging nhau ư c sp xp theo kiu higravenh tam

giaacutec to thagravenh Khi vit b trecircn vit chiacutenh

gia phiacutea trecircn hai b dư i vit cacircn i hai

becircn traacutei phi to nh ca ba b cơ bn ging

nhau chuacute yacute s như ng neacutet gia caacutec b 众 森

- B cc vagrave thn thaacutei ca ch h p th

Khi vit ch h p th ngoagravei vic phi nm

ư c higravenh thc t h p vagrave t l k t cu ca ch

cograven phi chuacute yacute n b cc vagrave thn thaacutei ca ch thigrave ch vit m i hagravei hoagrave m i coacute thn B cc

ca ch h p th coacute th phacircn lagravem caacutec loi sau

+ Mau vagrave thưa Mau vagrave thưa lagrave ch ch

trng trong ch do caacutec neacutet to thagravenh nhiu hay

iacutet (rng hay hp) Ch coacute iacutet neacutet thigrave ch trng

nhiu - thưa 如 从 ch coacute nhiu neacutet thigrave ch

trng iacutet ndash mau繁 戴

+ Cao vagrave rng Cao vagrave rng lagrave ch t th ca

ch h p th do caacutec higravenh thc t h p khaacutec nhau

to thagravenh cao hoc rng Ch coacute k t cu trecircn d-

ư i hoc trecircn gia dư i thư ng coacute t th cao

鼻 墨 ch coacute k t cu traacutei phi hoc traacutei gia

phi thư ng coacute t th rng 把 腿

+ Hư ng vagraveo nhau vagrave quay lưng vagraveo nhau

Hư ng vagraveo nhau vagrave quay lưng vagraveo nhau lagrave ch hai b phn ca ch h p th coacute k t cu traacutei phi

hư ng vagraveo nhau 切 路 hay quay lưng li v i

nhau 北 犯

Khi vit ch h p th ngoagravei vic chuacute yacute n

k ĩ thut vit caacutec neacutet cograven phi chuacute yacute n vic

bin th ca caacutec neacutet - s tip như ng gia caacutec

neacutet ca ch to necircn s hagravei hogravea gia caacutec neacutet

vagrave s cacircn i ca ch Dư i acircy necircu mt vagravei viacute

d so saacutenh 女 --- 奶 好 妻 要

Ch n - b n Khi lagrave ch c th neacutet

chm lagrave neacutet chm phi dagravei nhưng khi lagrave mt b

(b kin) ca ch thigrave neacutet chm phi dagravei nagravey coacutekhi vit thagravenh neacutet chm phi ngn coacute khi vn

vit lagrave neacutet chm phi dagravei

25 Caacutec bư c d y hc vi t vagrave higravenh th c luynvi t ch Haacuten

- Caacutec bư c d y hc vi t ch Haacuten

Khi dy hc vit ch Haacuten trecircn l p cn chuacute yacute

caacutec bư c

+ Quan saacutet ch mu Sinh viecircn quan saacutet ch

mu nhn bit neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutecb kin vagrave quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca

ch Ch mu coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vit trecircn bng

cũng coacute th dugraveng ch mu coacute sn th ch hoc

dugraveng maacutey chiu chiu ch mu

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+ Giaacuteo viecircn hư ng dn Giaacuteo viecircn vit li

ch nhưng va vit va thuyt minh v neacutet b

kin k t cu t l caacutec b kin quy tc vit (quy

tc thun buacutet) ca ch cũng coacute th dugraveng

phươ ng phaacutep necircu cacircu hi dugraveng ch mu coacute sn

necircu cacircu hi v neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutec b

kin quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca ch

cũng coacute th k t h p c hai phươ ng phaacutep trecircn

giuacutep sinh viecircn nm ư c mt caacutech chiacutenh xaacutec

+ Sinh viecircn tp vit Sinh viecircn tp vit theo

ch quy phm

+ Giaacuteo viecircn nhn xeacutet aacutenh giaacute Khi sinh

viecircn tp vit giaacuteo viecircn coacute th quan saacutet vic tp

vit ca sinh viecircn ri aacutenh giaacute hư ng dn sasai khi cn thit

+ Giaacuteo viecircn ra bagravei tp luyn vit Giaacuteo viecircn

ra bagravei tp yecircu cu sinh viecircn luyn vit ch Haacuten

Bagravei tp coacute th hoagraven thagravenh trecircn l p nu coacute th igian cũng coacute th hoagraven thagravenh nhagrave n hn

giaacuteo viecircn kim tra vagrave aacutenh giaacute vic hoagraven thagravenh

bagravei tp ca sinh viecircn

Khi dy hc vit ch cũng cn chuacute yacute k t

h p v i vic dy hc acircm c vagrave ngh ĩ a (vagrave coacute

th c caacutech dugraveng) ca ch vic hc ch t

ư c d dagraveng vagrave nhanh choacuteng hơ n- Caacutec higravenh th c luyn t p vi t ch Haacuten

Khi luyn vit sinh viecircn coacute th luyn tp

theo caacutec higravenh thc sau

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech quan saacutet ch mu

Khi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn

phi quan saacutet ch mu ri vit theo s quan saacutet

phacircn tiacutech t th ca migravenh Ch mu coacute th do

giaacuteo viecircn vit (ch quy phm) cũng coacute th ch

mu in sn (phiu t) ch mu trong giaacuteo trigravenh

hellip Luyn vit trecircn giy k ocirc-li vuocircng vigrave như

th d xaacutec nh v triacute cũng như t l ca tng b

phn cu to ch

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech tocirc theo ch mu

Luyn tp vit ch Haacuten cũng coacute th luyn bng

caacutech tocirc theo ch mu trecircn caacutec loi v tp vit

ch Haacuten

26 X liacute caacutec m i quan h trong d y hc vi tch

Dy hc vit ch Haacuten lagrave mocircn hc k ĩ năng

ch yu da vagraveo vic luyn tp ca sinh viecircn

Vigrave th khi dy hc vit ch phi ging iacutet luyn

nhiu Ch ging nhng kin thc quan trng

cn thit lagravem cơ s giuacutep sinh viecircn vit uacuteng

vit p Ging phi k t h p v i viacute d thc t

minh ha Trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn phi tin hagravenh

bagravei tp v caacutec neacutet quy tc vit k t cuhellip acircy

lagrave loi bagravei tp bt buc khocircng th thiu vigrave noacute lagravecơ s ca vic dy hc ch Haacuten Nhưng cũng

khocircng th luyn riecircng matildei loi bagravei tp nagravey vigrave d

gacircy cm giaacutec ơ n iu chaacuten vit cho sinh viecircn

magrave cn k t h p v i bagravei tp coacute th gacircy hng thuacute

hc i v i sinh viecircn như quy loi b th (thiecircn

bagraveng) ch ng acircm ch cn th trograve chơ i ch

cacircu v chhellip Lagravem như th khocircng nhng regraven

luyn ư c k ĩ năng vit ch magrave cograven nacircng cao

ư c kin thc ch Haacuten tăng thecircm hng thuacute

hc ch Haacuten tăng nhanh kh năng nh ch ca

sinh viecircn Khi dy hc vit ch cn coacute s nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute ch vit ca sinh viecircn Vic nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn tin hagravenh

cũng coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vagrave sinh viecircn cugraveng tin

hagravenh Lagravem như th khocircng ch kim tra ư cnăng lc vit ch magrave cograven regraven luyn ư c năng

lc phacircn tiacutech li sai ch ra caacutei uacuteng ca s ocircng

sinh viecircn

3 V t ch c dy hc vit ch

nacircng cao cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten casinh viecircn ngoagravei vic dugraveng nhng bin phaacutep coacute

tiacutenh quyt nh như phươ ng phaacutep dy vagrave hc

vit ch cograven phi quan tacircm n caacutec bin phaacutep

v vic t chc dy hc Nhng bin phaacutep nagravey

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tuy khocircng trc tip regraven luyn k ĩ năng vit ch

song oacute lagrave nhng bin phaacutep khocircng th thiu

nacircng cao cht lư ng ch vit ca sinh viecircn

31 Gi d y hc vi t trecircn l p

giai on u hc ting Haacuten sinh viecircn

bt u tip xuacutec v i mt loi ch m i ndash ch

Haacuten necircn coacute nhiu khoacute khăn Trong giai on

nagravey cn coacute nhng gi chuyecircn dy vagrave luyn vit

ch Haacuten dy nhng kin thc cơ bn v ch

Haacuten như caacutec neacutet cơ bn ca ch quy tc vit

ch k t cu ca ch t l k t cu ca ch vagrave

regraven luyn k năng cơ bn v vit ch cho sinh

viecircn Nu coacute th hc kigrave mt ( hc kigrave 1 8 )mi tun necircn coacute mt tit dy hc vit ch Haacuten

Cograven nu như th i lư ng khocircng cho pheacutep thigrave iacutet

nht cũng phi coacute 7- 8 tit 7- 8 tun u dagravenh

riecircng dy ndash luyn vit ch

32 Giaacuteo viecircn d y vi t ch

Bin phaacutep t chc thun l i nht lagrave giaacuteo

viecircn ging dy l p nagraveo thigrave dy vit l p oacute

Lagravem như th khocircng nhng thun tin cho vic

sp xp th i khoaacute biu magrave cograven thun l i hơ n rt

nhiu khi giaacuteo viecircn oacute nm ư c tigravenh higravenh thc

t v hc ting Haacuten noacutei chung vagrave tigravenh higravenh vit

ch Haacuten noacutei riecircng ca sinh viecircn l p oacute Song

thc t khocircng phi giaacuteo viecircn nagraveo m nhn dy

hc kigrave nagravey (hc kigrave 1 8) vit ch Haacuten cũng

uacuteng quy phm vagrave iu nagravey coacute nh hư ng

khocircng tt t i cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten ca sinh

viecircn Chiacutenh vigrave th cn coacute vagravei ba giaacuteo viecircn vit

ch quy phm vit ch p m nhn vic nagravey

33 Ki m tra aacutenh giaacute

Cn coi vic luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave tin

t i vit ch Haacuten chun mc i v i sinh viecircn hc kigrave u vagrave năm th nht lagrave bt buc giai

on nagravey giaacuteo viecircn cn coacute nhng bagravei tp v i

nhng yecircu cu c th sinh viecircn thc hin

trecircn l p hoc nhagrave Giaacuteo viecircn coacute k hoch

kim tra aacutenh giaacute vic vit ch ng viecircn vagrave

khc phc k p th i nhng im mnh yu ca

sinh viecircn

Kt qu bagravei kim tra gia kigrave vagrave bagravei thi hc

phn ca năm th nht vagrave coacute th c năm th

hai necircn coacute mt phn im lagrave im aacutenh giaacute v

ch vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi kigrave mt năm th

nht dagravenh t 1 - 1510 im aacutenh giaacute ch

vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi năm th hai dagravenh t

05 - 110 im lagrave im ch vit iu nagravey nu

thc hin thigrave ngay t khi bt u hc hc kigrave

u tiecircn cn noacutei rotilde cho sinh viecircn bit regraven

luyn phn u

34 Chu n b ca sinh viecircn

Sinh viecircn cn nhn thc y v vic cn

thit phi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch

Haacuten chun mc Hin nay mt s sinh viecircn cho

rng khocircng cn phi luyn vit ch quy phm

vit ch p vigrave atilde coacute s tr giuacutep ca maacutey tiacutenh

acircy lagrave mt nhn thc khocircng uacuteng v hc vagrave

vit ch Haacuten noacutei chung cagraveng khocircng uacuteng v i

sinh viecircn sư phm ting Haacuten noacutei riecircng Vigrave th sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b cho vic hc vit

ch Haacuten Vit ch Haacuten nhiu cograven khin nh ch lacircu oacute cũng lagrave iu kin quan trng hc

tt ting Haacuten Sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b nht

nh cho vic tp vit như

+ Chun b v tinh thn Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c khoacute khăn khi hc vit ch Haacuten

sn sagraveng thc hin vagrave hoagraven thagravenh tt cocircng

vic nagravey

+ Chun b v th i gian Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c vit ch Haacuten uacuteng quy phm(t chun) vit p khocircng th ch trong ngagravey

mt ngagravey hai magrave phi ư c tin hagravenh trong th igian dagravei tn nhiu th i gian coacute k hoch c

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983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151983086 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 98309198309598308598309298309244

th dagravenh lư ng th i gian thiacutech h p cho vic

luyn tp vit ch Haacuten

+ Chun b v dugraveng hc tp V tp vitlagrave v coacute k ocirc-li vuocircng hoc coacute iu kin thigrave

mua v tp vit atilde coacute sn ch Haacuten vit theo

hoc tocirc theo Buacutet tp vit phi lagrave buacutet maacutey (buacutet

mc) vigrave vit bng loi buacutet nagravey m i d vit thagravenh

neacutet thanh neacutet m

35 T ch c ngoi khoaacute cacircu lc b

Tuỳ theo iu kin c th t chc caacutec

hot ng ngoi khoaacute v ch Haacuten t chc caacutec

cacircu lc b thư phaacutep gacircy hng thuacute vagrave to

iu kin cho nhiu sinh viecircn coacute nhiu cơ hihc vagrave vit ch Haacuten như vit ch p vit ch

nhanh nh ch ch vit ch Haacuten bng buacutet

locircng vit ch Haacuten theo caacutec kiu ch tigravem hiu

v ch Haacutenhellip

4 Kt lun

Vit ch Haacuten cacircn i p lagrave mt k ĩ năng

K ĩ năng nagravey cn ư c regraven luyn trong mt quaacute

trigravenh trecircn cơ s nm vng caacutec kin thc cơ bn

v ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch Haacuten Khi dy hc vit

ch khocircng ch phi c bit chuacute yacute n phươ ng

phaacutep dy hc vit neacutet vit ch magrave cograven phi chuacute

yacute n vic t chc dy hc Vit uacuteng ch Haacuten

atilde khoacute vit ch theo quy phm vit p li

cagraveng khoacute necircn cn coacute s quan tacircm vagrave u tư

thiacutech aacuteng

Tagravei liu tham kho

[1] 骆 小 所 主 编 （ 1999） 现 代 汉 语 引 论 云 南 人 民 出

版 社

[2] 赵 金 铭 总 主 编 （ 2006） 对 外 汉 字 教 学 研 究

商 务 印 书 馆

[3] 丁 永 康 （ 2003） 钢 笔 字 写 新 技 法 金 盾 出 版 社

Measures to Improve Chinese Character Writing Quality of

Students at Department of Chinese Language and Culture

ULIS - VNU

Lecirc Xuacircn Tho

Chinese Department VNU University of Languages and International Studies

Phm V ăn ng street C u Gi y Hanoi Vietnam

Abstract Teaching and learning Chinese characters of which writing Chinese characters properly

is an essential requirement plays an important role Nowadays there are many students at Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU whose writing does not meet the standard which has

negative effects on the quality of learning Chinese characters as well as Chinese language This paper

suggests some measures in relation to Chinese characters teaching and learning methodology togetherwith teaching - learning organization in order to mprove the writing quality of students of Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU

Keywords Writing Chinese characters Chinese characters Chinese character structure Chinese

7252019 cach viet chu hanpdf

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983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151983086 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 98309198309598308598309298309242

+ Giaacuteo viecircn hư ng dn Giaacuteo viecircn vit li

ch nhưng va vit va thuyt minh v neacutet b

kin k t cu t l caacutec b kin quy tc vit (quy

tc thun buacutet) ca ch cũng coacute th dugraveng

phươ ng phaacutep necircu cacircu hi dugraveng ch mu coacute sn

necircu cacircu hi v neacutet b kin k t cu t l caacutec b

kin quy tc vit (quy tc thun buacutet) ca ch

cũng coacute th k t h p c hai phươ ng phaacutep trecircn

giuacutep sinh viecircn nm ư c mt caacutech chiacutenh xaacutec

+ Sinh viecircn tp vit Sinh viecircn tp vit theo

ch quy phm

+ Giaacuteo viecircn nhn xeacutet aacutenh giaacute Khi sinh

viecircn tp vit giaacuteo viecircn coacute th quan saacutet vic tp

vit ca sinh viecircn ri aacutenh giaacute hư ng dn sasai khi cn thit

+ Giaacuteo viecircn ra bagravei tp luyn vit Giaacuteo viecircn

ra bagravei tp yecircu cu sinh viecircn luyn vit ch Haacuten

Bagravei tp coacute th hoagraven thagravenh trecircn l p nu coacute th igian cũng coacute th hoagraven thagravenh nhagrave n hn

giaacuteo viecircn kim tra vagrave aacutenh giaacute vic hoagraven thagravenh

bagravei tp ca sinh viecircn

Khi dy hc vit ch cũng cn chuacute yacute k t

h p v i vic dy hc acircm c vagrave ngh ĩ a (vagrave coacute

th c caacutech dugraveng) ca ch vic hc ch t

ư c d dagraveng vagrave nhanh choacuteng hơ n- Caacutec higravenh th c luyn t p vi t ch Haacuten

Khi luyn vit sinh viecircn coacute th luyn tp

theo caacutec higravenh thc sau

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech quan saacutet ch mu

Khi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn

phi quan saacutet ch mu ri vit theo s quan saacutet

phacircn tiacutech t th ca migravenh Ch mu coacute th do

giaacuteo viecircn vit (ch quy phm) cũng coacute th ch

mu in sn (phiu t) ch mu trong giaacuteo trigravenh

hellip Luyn vit trecircn giy k ocirc-li vuocircng vigrave như

th d xaacutec nh v triacute cũng như t l ca tng b

phn cu to ch

+ Luyn vit bng caacutech tocirc theo ch mu

Luyn tp vit ch Haacuten cũng coacute th luyn bng

caacutech tocirc theo ch mu trecircn caacutec loi v tp vit

ch Haacuten

26 X liacute caacutec m i quan h trong d y hc vi tch

Dy hc vit ch Haacuten lagrave mocircn hc k ĩ năng

ch yu da vagraveo vic luyn tp ca sinh viecircn

Vigrave th khi dy hc vit ch phi ging iacutet luyn

nhiu Ch ging nhng kin thc quan trng

cn thit lagravem cơ s giuacutep sinh viecircn vit uacuteng

vit p Ging phi k t h p v i viacute d thc t

minh ha Trư c tiecircn sinh viecircn phi tin hagravenh

bagravei tp v caacutec neacutet quy tc vit k t cuhellip acircy

lagrave loi bagravei tp bt buc khocircng th thiu vigrave noacute lagravecơ s ca vic dy hc ch Haacuten Nhưng cũng

khocircng th luyn riecircng matildei loi bagravei tp nagravey vigrave d

gacircy cm giaacutec ơ n iu chaacuten vit cho sinh viecircn

magrave cn k t h p v i bagravei tp coacute th gacircy hng thuacute

hc i v i sinh viecircn như quy loi b th (thiecircn

bagraveng) ch ng acircm ch cn th trograve chơ i ch

cacircu v chhellip Lagravem như th khocircng nhng regraven

luyn ư c k ĩ năng vit ch magrave cograven nacircng cao

ư c kin thc ch Haacuten tăng thecircm hng thuacute

hc ch Haacuten tăng nhanh kh năng nh ch ca

sinh viecircn Khi dy hc vit ch cn coacute s nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute ch vit ca sinh viecircn Vic nhn

xeacutet aacutenh giaacute coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn tin hagravenh

cũng coacute th do giaacuteo viecircn vagrave sinh viecircn cugraveng tin

hagravenh Lagravem như th khocircng ch kim tra ư cnăng lc vit ch magrave cograven regraven luyn ư c năng

lc phacircn tiacutech li sai ch ra caacutei uacuteng ca s ocircng

sinh viecircn

3 V t ch c dy hc vit ch

nacircng cao cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten casinh viecircn ngoagravei vic dugraveng nhng bin phaacutep coacute

tiacutenh quyt nh như phươ ng phaacutep dy vagrave hc

vit ch cograven phi quan tacircm n caacutec bin phaacutep

v vic t chc dy hc Nhng bin phaacutep nagravey

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tuy khocircng trc tip regraven luyn k ĩ năng vit ch

song oacute lagrave nhng bin phaacutep khocircng th thiu

nacircng cao cht lư ng ch vit ca sinh viecircn

31 Gi d y hc vi t trecircn l p

giai on u hc ting Haacuten sinh viecircn

bt u tip xuacutec v i mt loi ch m i ndash ch

Haacuten necircn coacute nhiu khoacute khăn Trong giai on

nagravey cn coacute nhng gi chuyecircn dy vagrave luyn vit

ch Haacuten dy nhng kin thc cơ bn v ch

Haacuten như caacutec neacutet cơ bn ca ch quy tc vit

ch k t cu ca ch t l k t cu ca ch vagrave

regraven luyn k năng cơ bn v vit ch cho sinh

viecircn Nu coacute th hc kigrave mt ( hc kigrave 1 8 )mi tun necircn coacute mt tit dy hc vit ch Haacuten

Cograven nu như th i lư ng khocircng cho pheacutep thigrave iacutet

nht cũng phi coacute 7- 8 tit 7- 8 tun u dagravenh

riecircng dy ndash luyn vit ch

32 Giaacuteo viecircn d y vi t ch

Bin phaacutep t chc thun l i nht lagrave giaacuteo

viecircn ging dy l p nagraveo thigrave dy vit l p oacute

Lagravem như th khocircng nhng thun tin cho vic

sp xp th i khoaacute biu magrave cograven thun l i hơ n rt

nhiu khi giaacuteo viecircn oacute nm ư c tigravenh higravenh thc

t v hc ting Haacuten noacutei chung vagrave tigravenh higravenh vit

ch Haacuten noacutei riecircng ca sinh viecircn l p oacute Song

thc t khocircng phi giaacuteo viecircn nagraveo m nhn dy

hc kigrave nagravey (hc kigrave 1 8) vit ch Haacuten cũng

uacuteng quy phm vagrave iu nagravey coacute nh hư ng

khocircng tt t i cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten ca sinh

viecircn Chiacutenh vigrave th cn coacute vagravei ba giaacuteo viecircn vit

ch quy phm vit ch p m nhn vic nagravey

33 Ki m tra aacutenh giaacute

Cn coi vic luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave tin

t i vit ch Haacuten chun mc i v i sinh viecircn hc kigrave u vagrave năm th nht lagrave bt buc giai

on nagravey giaacuteo viecircn cn coacute nhng bagravei tp v i

nhng yecircu cu c th sinh viecircn thc hin

trecircn l p hoc nhagrave Giaacuteo viecircn coacute k hoch

kim tra aacutenh giaacute vic vit ch ng viecircn vagrave

khc phc k p th i nhng im mnh yu ca

sinh viecircn

Kt qu bagravei kim tra gia kigrave vagrave bagravei thi hc

phn ca năm th nht vagrave coacute th c năm th

hai necircn coacute mt phn im lagrave im aacutenh giaacute v

ch vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi kigrave mt năm th

nht dagravenh t 1 - 1510 im aacutenh giaacute ch

vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi năm th hai dagravenh t

05 - 110 im lagrave im ch vit iu nagravey nu

thc hin thigrave ngay t khi bt u hc hc kigrave

u tiecircn cn noacutei rotilde cho sinh viecircn bit regraven

luyn phn u

34 Chu n b ca sinh viecircn

Sinh viecircn cn nhn thc y v vic cn

thit phi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch

Haacuten chun mc Hin nay mt s sinh viecircn cho

rng khocircng cn phi luyn vit ch quy phm

vit ch p vigrave atilde coacute s tr giuacutep ca maacutey tiacutenh

acircy lagrave mt nhn thc khocircng uacuteng v hc vagrave

vit ch Haacuten noacutei chung cagraveng khocircng uacuteng v i

sinh viecircn sư phm ting Haacuten noacutei riecircng Vigrave th sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b cho vic hc vit

ch Haacuten Vit ch Haacuten nhiu cograven khin nh ch lacircu oacute cũng lagrave iu kin quan trng hc

tt ting Haacuten Sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b nht

nh cho vic tp vit như

+ Chun b v tinh thn Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c khoacute khăn khi hc vit ch Haacuten

sn sagraveng thc hin vagrave hoagraven thagravenh tt cocircng

vic nagravey

+ Chun b v th i gian Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c vit ch Haacuten uacuteng quy phm(t chun) vit p khocircng th ch trong ngagravey

mt ngagravey hai magrave phi ư c tin hagravenh trong th igian dagravei tn nhiu th i gian coacute k hoch c

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983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151983086 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 98309198309598308598309298309244

th dagravenh lư ng th i gian thiacutech h p cho vic

luyn tp vit ch Haacuten

+ Chun b v dugraveng hc tp V tp vitlagrave v coacute k ocirc-li vuocircng hoc coacute iu kin thigrave

mua v tp vit atilde coacute sn ch Haacuten vit theo

hoc tocirc theo Buacutet tp vit phi lagrave buacutet maacutey (buacutet

mc) vigrave vit bng loi buacutet nagravey m i d vit thagravenh

neacutet thanh neacutet m

35 T ch c ngoi khoaacute cacircu lc b

Tuỳ theo iu kin c th t chc caacutec

hot ng ngoi khoaacute v ch Haacuten t chc caacutec

cacircu lc b thư phaacutep gacircy hng thuacute vagrave to

iu kin cho nhiu sinh viecircn coacute nhiu cơ hihc vagrave vit ch Haacuten như vit ch p vit ch

nhanh nh ch ch vit ch Haacuten bng buacutet

locircng vit ch Haacuten theo caacutec kiu ch tigravem hiu

v ch Haacutenhellip

4 Kt lun

Vit ch Haacuten cacircn i p lagrave mt k ĩ năng

K ĩ năng nagravey cn ư c regraven luyn trong mt quaacute

trigravenh trecircn cơ s nm vng caacutec kin thc cơ bn

v ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch Haacuten Khi dy hc vit

ch khocircng ch phi c bit chuacute yacute n phươ ng

phaacutep dy hc vit neacutet vit ch magrave cograven phi chuacute

yacute n vic t chc dy hc Vit uacuteng ch Haacuten

atilde khoacute vit ch theo quy phm vit p li

cagraveng khoacute necircn cn coacute s quan tacircm vagrave u tư

thiacutech aacuteng

Tagravei liu tham kho

[1] 骆 小 所 主 编 （ 1999） 现 代 汉 语 引 论 云 南 人 民 出

版 社

[2] 赵 金 铭 总 主 编 （ 2006） 对 外 汉 字 教 学 研 究

商 务 印 书 馆

[3] 丁 永 康 （ 2003） 钢 笔 字 写 新 技 法 金 盾 出 版 社

Measures to Improve Chinese Character Writing Quality of

Students at Department of Chinese Language and Culture

ULIS - VNU

Lecirc Xuacircn Tho

Chinese Department VNU University of Languages and International Studies

Phm V ăn ng street C u Gi y Hanoi Vietnam

Abstract Teaching and learning Chinese characters of which writing Chinese characters properly

is an essential requirement plays an important role Nowadays there are many students at Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU whose writing does not meet the standard which has

negative effects on the quality of learning Chinese characters as well as Chinese language This paper

suggests some measures in relation to Chinese characters teaching and learning methodology togetherwith teaching - learning organization in order to mprove the writing quality of students of Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU

Keywords Writing Chinese characters Chinese characters Chinese character structure Chinese

7252019 cach viet chu hanpdf

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcach-viet-chu-hanpdf 78

983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 983091983095983085983092983092 43

tuy khocircng trc tip regraven luyn k ĩ năng vit ch

song oacute lagrave nhng bin phaacutep khocircng th thiu

nacircng cao cht lư ng ch vit ca sinh viecircn

31 Gi d y hc vi t trecircn l p

giai on u hc ting Haacuten sinh viecircn

bt u tip xuacutec v i mt loi ch m i ndash ch

Haacuten necircn coacute nhiu khoacute khăn Trong giai on

nagravey cn coacute nhng gi chuyecircn dy vagrave luyn vit

ch Haacuten dy nhng kin thc cơ bn v ch

Haacuten như caacutec neacutet cơ bn ca ch quy tc vit

ch k t cu ca ch t l k t cu ca ch vagrave

regraven luyn k năng cơ bn v vit ch cho sinh

viecircn Nu coacute th hc kigrave mt ( hc kigrave 1 8 )mi tun necircn coacute mt tit dy hc vit ch Haacuten

Cograven nu như th i lư ng khocircng cho pheacutep thigrave iacutet

nht cũng phi coacute 7- 8 tit 7- 8 tun u dagravenh

riecircng dy ndash luyn vit ch

32 Giaacuteo viecircn d y vi t ch

Bin phaacutep t chc thun l i nht lagrave giaacuteo

viecircn ging dy l p nagraveo thigrave dy vit l p oacute

Lagravem như th khocircng nhng thun tin cho vic

sp xp th i khoaacute biu magrave cograven thun l i hơ n rt

nhiu khi giaacuteo viecircn oacute nm ư c tigravenh higravenh thc

t v hc ting Haacuten noacutei chung vagrave tigravenh higravenh vit

ch Haacuten noacutei riecircng ca sinh viecircn l p oacute Song

thc t khocircng phi giaacuteo viecircn nagraveo m nhn dy

hc kigrave nagravey (hc kigrave 1 8) vit ch Haacuten cũng

uacuteng quy phm vagrave iu nagravey coacute nh hư ng

khocircng tt t i cht lư ng vit ch Haacuten ca sinh

viecircn Chiacutenh vigrave th cn coacute vagravei ba giaacuteo viecircn vit

ch quy phm vit ch p m nhn vic nagravey

33 Ki m tra aacutenh giaacute

Cn coi vic luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave tin

t i vit ch Haacuten chun mc i v i sinh viecircn hc kigrave u vagrave năm th nht lagrave bt buc giai

on nagravey giaacuteo viecircn cn coacute nhng bagravei tp v i

nhng yecircu cu c th sinh viecircn thc hin

trecircn l p hoc nhagrave Giaacuteo viecircn coacute k hoch

kim tra aacutenh giaacute vic vit ch ng viecircn vagrave

khc phc k p th i nhng im mnh yu ca

sinh viecircn

Kt qu bagravei kim tra gia kigrave vagrave bagravei thi hc

phn ca năm th nht vagrave coacute th c năm th

hai necircn coacute mt phn im lagrave im aacutenh giaacute v

ch vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi kigrave mt năm th

nht dagravenh t 1 - 1510 im aacutenh giaacute ch

vit Bagravei kim tra vagrave bagravei thi năm th hai dagravenh t

05 - 110 im lagrave im ch vit iu nagravey nu

thc hin thigrave ngay t khi bt u hc hc kigrave

u tiecircn cn noacutei rotilde cho sinh viecircn bit regraven

luyn phn u

34 Chu n b ca sinh viecircn

Sinh viecircn cn nhn thc y v vic cn

thit phi luyn tp vit ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch

Haacuten chun mc Hin nay mt s sinh viecircn cho

rng khocircng cn phi luyn vit ch quy phm

vit ch p vigrave atilde coacute s tr giuacutep ca maacutey tiacutenh

acircy lagrave mt nhn thc khocircng uacuteng v hc vagrave

vit ch Haacuten noacutei chung cagraveng khocircng uacuteng v i

sinh viecircn sư phm ting Haacuten noacutei riecircng Vigrave th sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b cho vic hc vit

ch Haacuten Vit ch Haacuten nhiu cograven khin nh ch lacircu oacute cũng lagrave iu kin quan trng hc

tt ting Haacuten Sinh viecircn cn coacute s chun b nht

nh cho vic tp vit như

+ Chun b v tinh thn Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c khoacute khăn khi hc vit ch Haacuten

sn sagraveng thc hin vagrave hoagraven thagravenh tt cocircng

vic nagravey

+ Chun b v th i gian Sinh viecircn phi

nhn thc ư c vit ch Haacuten uacuteng quy phm(t chun) vit p khocircng th ch trong ngagravey

mt ngagravey hai magrave phi ư c tin hagravenh trong th igian dagravei tn nhiu th i gian coacute k hoch c

7252019 cach viet chu hanpdf

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcach-viet-chu-hanpdf 88

983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151983086 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 98309198309598308598309298309244

th dagravenh lư ng th i gian thiacutech h p cho vic

luyn tp vit ch Haacuten

+ Chun b v dugraveng hc tp V tp vitlagrave v coacute k ocirc-li vuocircng hoc coacute iu kin thigrave

mua v tp vit atilde coacute sn ch Haacuten vit theo

hoc tocirc theo Buacutet tp vit phi lagrave buacutet maacutey (buacutet

mc) vigrave vit bng loi buacutet nagravey m i d vit thagravenh

neacutet thanh neacutet m

35 T ch c ngoi khoaacute cacircu lc b

Tuỳ theo iu kin c th t chc caacutec

hot ng ngoi khoaacute v ch Haacuten t chc caacutec

cacircu lc b thư phaacutep gacircy hng thuacute vagrave to

iu kin cho nhiu sinh viecircn coacute nhiu cơ hihc vagrave vit ch Haacuten như vit ch p vit ch

nhanh nh ch ch vit ch Haacuten bng buacutet

locircng vit ch Haacuten theo caacutec kiu ch tigravem hiu

v ch Haacutenhellip

4 Kt lun

Vit ch Haacuten cacircn i p lagrave mt k ĩ năng

K ĩ năng nagravey cn ư c regraven luyn trong mt quaacute

trigravenh trecircn cơ s nm vng caacutec kin thc cơ bn

v ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch Haacuten Khi dy hc vit

ch khocircng ch phi c bit chuacute yacute n phươ ng

phaacutep dy hc vit neacutet vit ch magrave cograven phi chuacute

yacute n vic t chc dy hc Vit uacuteng ch Haacuten

atilde khoacute vit ch theo quy phm vit p li

cagraveng khoacute necircn cn coacute s quan tacircm vagrave u tư

thiacutech aacuteng

Tagravei liu tham kho

[1] 骆 小 所 主 编 （ 1999） 现 代 汉 语 引 论 云 南 人 民 出

版 社

[2] 赵 金 铭 总 主 编 （ 2006） 对 外 汉 字 教 学 研 究

商 务 印 书 馆

[3] 丁 永 康 （ 2003） 钢 笔 字 写 新 技 法 金 盾 出 版 社

Measures to Improve Chinese Character Writing Quality of

Students at Department of Chinese Language and Culture

ULIS - VNU

Lecirc Xuacircn Tho

Chinese Department VNU University of Languages and International Studies

Phm V ăn ng street C u Gi y Hanoi Vietnam

Abstract Teaching and learning Chinese characters of which writing Chinese characters properly

is an essential requirement plays an important role Nowadays there are many students at Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU whose writing does not meet the standard which has

negative effects on the quality of learning Chinese characters as well as Chinese language This paper

suggests some measures in relation to Chinese characters teaching and learning methodology togetherwith teaching - learning organization in order to mprove the writing quality of students of Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU

Keywords Writing Chinese characters Chinese characters Chinese character structure Chinese

7252019 cach viet chu hanpdf

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcach-viet-chu-hanpdf 88

983116983086983128983086 983124983144ả983151983086 983087 983124ạ983152 983139983144983277 983115983144983151983137 983144ọ983139 Đ983112983121983111983112983118 983118983143983144983145983274983150 983139983157 983118983139 983150983143983151983145 983124983152 983090983097 983123 983091 (983090983088983089983091) 98309198309598308598309298309244

th dagravenh lư ng th i gian thiacutech h p cho vic

luyn tp vit ch Haacuten

+ Chun b v dugraveng hc tp V tp vitlagrave v coacute k ocirc-li vuocircng hoc coacute iu kin thigrave

mua v tp vit atilde coacute sn ch Haacuten vit theo

hoc tocirc theo Buacutet tp vit phi lagrave buacutet maacutey (buacutet

mc) vigrave vit bng loi buacutet nagravey m i d vit thagravenh

neacutet thanh neacutet m

35 T ch c ngoi khoaacute cacircu lc b

Tuỳ theo iu kin c th t chc caacutec

hot ng ngoi khoaacute v ch Haacuten t chc caacutec

cacircu lc b thư phaacutep gacircy hng thuacute vagrave to

iu kin cho nhiu sinh viecircn coacute nhiu cơ hihc vagrave vit ch Haacuten như vit ch p vit ch

nhanh nh ch ch vit ch Haacuten bng buacutet

locircng vit ch Haacuten theo caacutec kiu ch tigravem hiu

v ch Haacutenhellip

4 Kt lun

Vit ch Haacuten cacircn i p lagrave mt k ĩ năng

K ĩ năng nagravey cn ư c regraven luyn trong mt quaacute

trigravenh trecircn cơ s nm vng caacutec kin thc cơ bn

v ch Haacuten vagrave vit ch Haacuten Khi dy hc vit

ch khocircng ch phi c bit chuacute yacute n phươ ng

phaacutep dy hc vit neacutet vit ch magrave cograven phi chuacute

yacute n vic t chc dy hc Vit uacuteng ch Haacuten

atilde khoacute vit ch theo quy phm vit p li

cagraveng khoacute necircn cn coacute s quan tacircm vagrave u tư

thiacutech aacuteng

Tagravei liu tham kho

[1] 骆 小 所 主 编 （ 1999） 现 代 汉 语 引 论 云 南 人 民 出

版 社

[2] 赵 金 铭 总 主 编 （ 2006） 对 外 汉 字 教 学 研 究

商 务 印 书 馆

[3] 丁 永 康 （ 2003） 钢 笔 字 写 新 技 法 金 盾 出 版 社

Measures to Improve Chinese Character Writing Quality of

Students at Department of Chinese Language and Culture

ULIS - VNU

Lecirc Xuacircn Tho

Chinese Department VNU University of Languages and International Studies

Phm V ăn ng street C u Gi y Hanoi Vietnam

Abstract Teaching and learning Chinese characters of which writing Chinese characters properly

is an essential requirement plays an important role Nowadays there are many students at Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU whose writing does not meet the standard which has

negative effects on the quality of learning Chinese characters as well as Chinese language This paper

suggests some measures in relation to Chinese characters teaching and learning methodology togetherwith teaching - learning organization in order to mprove the writing quality of students of Department

of Chinese Language and Culture ULIS-VNU

Keywords Writing Chinese characters Chinese characters Chinese character structure Chinese