1.

Cch rp Mainboard vo thng my vi tnh

___Mainboard l bn mch chnh ca my vi tnh, cc thit b ca my vi tnh u c kt ni vi Mainboard. Nn rp CPU v RAM vo Mainboard trc khi rp Mainboard vo thng my (Case). __Sau y l cc bc rp Mainboard vo thng my: ___Kim tra v tr cc l bt vit trn Mainboard v cc chn trong thng my. Nu cha c cc chn ny th phi bt cc chn ny vo thng my bng cch so snh cc l trn Mainboard tng ng vi cc chn trn thng my. Cc chn c km theo thng my, c lm bng kim loi hoc bng nha. Lu nu cc chn khng nm ng v tr, d hoc thiu th phi iu chnh li cho ng nu khng s lm hng Mainboard. ___t Mainboard vo thng my mt cch cn thn, trnh va chm lm hng mch v cc linh kin trn Mainboard. Nu Mainboard c km theo mt ming Inox che cc u cm th phi gn ming Inox ny vo thng my trc ri mi rp Mainboard.

___Cc u cm ca Mainboard hng ra mt sau ca thng my.

___Bt cc vit nh v mainboard.

___Cm cc u dy cung cp ngun vo Mainboard, cc u dy ny u c chiu v khp vi cc u cm trn Mainboard.

___Cm cc u dy: cng tc Power SW, Reset SW, Power LED (n bo ngun), HDD LED (n da cng) v cc dy USB, Audio,... ca thng my vo Mainboard. Xem trong sch hng dn km theo Mainboard bit r v tr cc u cm v cch cm dy.

___Cm cc u dy cp ca cc da vo ng v tr trn Mainboard. Gn cc Card m rng (nu c) vo cc khe cm ca Mainboard.

Lu : Cc thao tc phi cn thn, khng lm ri vit kt vo Mainboard s gy chm v hng Mainboard. Nu sau khi bt cng tc m my khng hot ng th phi kim tra cc dy ngun, dy cng tc,...cm trn Mainboard. Nu n bo ngun hoc n

HDD khng hot ng th c th l do cm khng ng v tr hay cm sai chiu (+ hoc -). 1.

Cch rp b nh vo Mainboard ca my vi tnh

___B nh (RAM) l thit b lu tr d liu tm cho CPU x l, RAM c nhiu chun vi cc dng chn cm khc nhau v phi c chun chn cm tng thch vi Mainboard. ___Sau y l cc bc gn RAM vo Mainboard: ___Kim tra v tr ca cc chn cm gia RAM v Mainboard. t RAM vo khe cm, lu cc rnh ca RAM phi khp vi khe cm.

___Dng hai ngn tay ci n ln pha trn ca thanh RAM, ng thi hai ngn tay tr gt hai kha nm hai bn sao cho khp vo hai rnh nm trn RAM.

___Kim tra li v gn tip thanh RAM khc nu c. Nu Mainboard h tr RAM i (Dual Chanel) th s gn hai thanh RAM vo v tr ca hai khe cm c cng mu.

___tho RAM bng cch gt hai kha ca khe cm ra hai bn, thanh RAM s t tri ln. Lu : RAM phi c rp cht v ng chiu vi khe cm. Sau khi bt cng tc nu my khng hot ng v c pht ra m thanh bp ko di th c th l do RAM b hng hoc gn khng ng 1.

Cch rp CPU vo Mainboard ca my vi tnh

___CPU l b vi x l chnh ca my vi tnh, c gn vo cm ca Mainboard. Rp CPU vo Mainboard ca my vi tnh cng khng qu kh v thng ch mt khong t 15 n 20 pht. Sau y l cc bc rp CPU vo Mainboard: ___Nu Mainboard cha c rp v thng my th tt nht nn rp CPU vo trc, t Mainboard ln mt mt phng, m. ___Tho thanh kha CPU bng cch dng ngn tay ci ko ngang ra pha ngoi sau a ln trn.

___Ty theo tng loi CPU nhng tt c u c nh du vt ti mt gc cho bit v tr rp CPU vo Mainboard. t CPU nh nhng vo khe cm sao cho v tr A v B trng nhau v m bo CPU phi nm st xung khe cm.

___Gt thanh kha CPU xung v c gi li bi mt khc ca khe cm.

___Cc khe cm CPU i mi s khng c cc l cm m s dng kiu tip xc, bn trn c mt ming y bo v. Khi gn CPU th tho ming ny ra v t CPU vo ng v tr, v phi gi li ming che sau ny s dng khi cn.

___Lm sch b mt ca CPU v lp qut vo. Bi mt lp mng cht dn nhit ln b mt CPU nu c km theo.

___Lp qut vo bng cch t qut ngay ngn ln b mt ca CPU, gi qut v nhn cc kha gi 4 gc vo l ca cm qut.

___ty theo mi loi qut s c cc kha gi khc nhau, c loi s dng hai thanh kha hai bn, c loi s dng 4 vit bt xung Mainboard hoc dng ming lt t ___di Mainboard v bt vit ngc ln trn. ___Cm dy ngun ca qut vo chu cm CPU Fan trn Mainboard.

Lu : Khng nhn mnh lm cong hoc gy chn CPU, i vi cc CPU i mi s khng c cc chn cm m dng kiu chn tip xc, khng c chm tay vo cc chn ny./

Cch gn dy kt ni thm cng USB cho my vi tnh___USB l mt chun kt ni rt thng dng dng kt ni cc thit b bn ngoi vi my vi tnh. Hin nay trn Mainboard c kh nhiu cng USB, ngoi cc cng nm pha sau cn c thm cc chn cm bn trong s dng khi cn thit.

___Cc chn cm USB nm bn trong Mainboard ny thng c dng kt ni vi cc cng USB c sn trn v my (thng my, Case), cc trm USB c gn thm pha trc hoc sau v my.

___Do c nhiu loi Mainboard v v my, trm cm khc nhau nn cc u cm cng c b tr khc nhau. Sau y l cch cm cc loi u cm USB thng dng: u cm 2x5 (2 cng USB)

Red (): + 5V / Voltage + / VCC White (trng): USB - / Data - / D Green (xanh l): USB + / Data + / D + Black (en): GND / Voltage - / Ground Black (en hoc xm): S-GND / Over Current

___Dy S-GND l dy ni t chng r r in, n thng to hn cc dy khc do nhp 2 dy ca 2 cng USB li thnh mt, mt s u cm khng c dy ny. ___Cch cm u dy 2x5 trn mt s chn cm ca Mainboard:

___Nu u cm dy c cc v tr khng ng vi chn cm th c th thay i v tr ca cc dy ny li (xem hng dn cch thay i v tr dy bn di)

___Cc dng u cm khc:

Lu : 2 u cm 1x4 nhp li s tng ng vi 1 u cm 2x4 hoc 2x5 (khng dng 2 dy S-GND). CCH THAY I V TR DY CA U CM USB: Cu to ca u cm:

Cch thay i dy: Mi u cm u c cc kha nha gi tip im ca cc dy.

___Dng li dao mng ny kha nha ca u cm ln v rt dy ra khi u cm.

___Cm li cc dy vo ng v tr cn thay i.

Lu : ___Khng ny mnh tay trnh lm cong hoc gy cc kha nha, vi cch lm ny c th thay i v tr dy ca bt c loi u cm no. ___Khi thay i u dy phi ch cn thn vi v tr dy ngun (VCC, +5V) nu khng c th lm hng Mainboard hoc thit b USB. ___Cc v chn cm USB thng c k hiu trn Mainboard (USB, F_USB, Front USB,...) hoc c ghi r trong sch hng dn v chn cm s 1 thng l v tr ca dy mu (VCC, +5V).

Cch rp da cng cho my vi tnh

da cng (HDD) l thit b lu tr chng trnh v d liu ca ngi s dng. Mt my vi tnh c th gn nhiu HDD nu cn khe cm cho dy cp ca HDD. Sau y l cc bc rp HDD cho my vi tnh: ___Trc ht cn phi xc nh xem my vi tnh gn bao nhiu HDD v ci no s lm chnh (Master) ci no s l ph (Slaver) iu chnh cc chn cm (Jumper) nm pha sau HDD. Cch cm cc Jumper ny thng c ghi r trn b mt ca HDD.

___t HDD vo v tr ca n trong thng my, v tr ny thng nm pha di da mm.

___Bt cht cc vit nh v HDD vi thng my.

___Cm dy cung cp ngun cho HDD.

___Cm u dy cp d liu (ATA c 80 u dy) vo HDD.

___Cm u dy cn li vo khe cm trn Mainboard. Lu u cm v khe cm u c khp trnh cm sai v si dy mu tng ng vi chn s 1. Mt dy cp d liu thng c 3 u v c th gn c 2 HDD chung mt dy.

___Cc HDD i mi (SATA) s dng cm theo chun khc, i vi dy d liu nu Mainboard khng h tr loi chun cm ny th c th dng Card SATA chuyn i.

___Cn i vi dy cung cp ngun SATA nu b ngun khng c u dy ny th c th dng thm dy chuyn i.

Lu : Thng thng my vi tnh s t nhn ra HDD, nu khng th cn phi xem li cch gn cc Jumper thit lp Master, Slaver cho ng v kim tra li cc u dy cm. C th Setup li BIOS nu cn. Nn dng dy d liu ring cho HDD v CD.

Cch rp b ngun ATX cho my vi tnhB ngun (Power Supply) l b phn cung cp in nng cho cc thit b bn trong my vi tnh. B ngun thng c t nm v tr pha sau ca my vi tnh v c qut gii nhit cho cc linh kin bn trong. Sau y l cc bc rp b ngun ATX cho my vi tnh: ___M np che bn hng thng my (Case) bng cch vn cc vt pha sau v trt np ca thng my ra pha sau hoc ln trn ty thng my. a b ngun vo v tr ca n, nm pha sau thng my. Lu t ng chiu v v tr ca cc l bt vt, phn qut hng ra bn ngoi.

___Bt 4 vt nh v b ngun v thng my.

___Cm cc u dy cung cp ngun vo ng v tr ca cc thit b bn trong nh Mainboard v cc da.

___y np che bn hng thng my li bng cch trt t pha sau ra trc, lu cc khe, rnh,... gia np che v thng my. Bt cc vit nh v np che.

Cm dy ngun vo khe cm pha sau. Lu : C th dng dy gt nha ct gn cc si dy ngun qu di, khng dy chm vo qut ca CPU. Nu bt cng tc m my khng c in th phi kim cc dy cm bn trong, mt s b ngun c cng tc chnh in 110v/220v v cng tc On/Off nm pha sau 1. Cch rp da quang cho my vi tnh da quang (CD) l thit b c (ghi) cc da CD, gip chuyn chng trnh hoc d liu t bn ngoi vo my vi tnh v ngc li. Mt my vi tnh c th gn nhiu CD nu cn khe cm cho dy cp ca CD. ___ + Sau y l cc bc rp CD cho my vi tnh:

___Trc ht cn phi xc nh xem my vi tnh gn bao nhiu CD v ci no s lm chnh (Master) ci no s l ph (Slaver) iu chnh cc chn cm (Jumper) nm pha sau CD. Cch cm cc Jumper ny thng c ghi r trn b mt ca CD.

___Tho ming chn nm v tr cn gn CD ra khi mt trc ca thng my bng cch a tay vo bn trong v tho khp gi hai bn. a CD t ngoi vo v tr ca n trong thng my, v tr ny thng nm pha trn da mm. Bt cht cc vit nh v CD vi thng my.

___Cm mt u dy cp d liu (ATA c 40 u dy) vo CD. u cm v khe cm

u c khp trnh cm sai v si dy mu tng ng vi chn s 1. Mt dy cp d liu thng c 3 u v c th gn c 2 CD chung mt dy

___u cn li vo khe cm trn Mainboard.

___Cm dy cung cp ngun cho CD.

___Cc CD i mi (SATA) s dng cm theo chun khc, i vi dy d liu nu Mainboard khng h tr loi chun cm ny th c th dng Card SATA chuyn i, cn i vi dy cung cp ngun nu b ngun khng c u dy ny th c th dng thm dy chuyn i.

Lu : Thng thng my vi tnh s t nhn ra CD, nu khng th cn phi xem li cch gn cc Jumper thit lp Master v Slaver cho ng v kim tra li cc u dy cm. C th Setup li BIOS nu cn. Nn dng dy d liu ring cho CD v HDD.

Cch kt ni thit b bn ngoi vi my vi tnhMy vi tnh ngoi thng my chnh c cha cc b phn, thit b bn trong cn c cc cng giao tip kt ni vi thit b bn ngoi h tr iu khin v hin th kt qu x l. Cc thit b ny u c u cm c chun ha vi mu sc v hnh dng khc

nhau gip cho ngi s dng d dng nhn bit v khng th cm sai vi tr. Sau y l cch kt ni thit b bn ngoi vi my vi tnh: Cng kt ni ngun in (Power):

___Dy ngun mt u c chn cm c cm vo in u cn li c cm vo cng ca b ngun nm pha sau thng my. ___Mt s b ngun c thm cng ly in cp cho mn hnh, c th dng dy ny cm vo mn hnh thay v cm in trc tip t mn hnh vo in. Cng PS/2:

___Cng c mu Tm dng kt ni vi Bn phm (Keyboard) loi u trn (PS/2). ___Cng c mu Xanh l dng kt ni vi Chut (Mouse) loi u trn (PS/2). Lu : Cm ng chiu trnh lm cong hoc gy chn ca u cm. Cng Parallel (song song):

___Cng ny c mu dng kt ni vi My in (Printer), my qut hnh (Scaner) hoc cc thit b c giao tip Parallel. Hin nay cc my in u s dng cng USB nn cng Parallel ny t c s dng. Cng USB:

___Cng ny dng kt ni vi cc thit b c giao tip USB nh bn phm, chut, da USB, my in, my qut hnh... Lu : Thng thng my vi tnh s c t 2 cng USB tr ln, c th s dng cng no ty tuy nhin i vi cc thit b c nh th nn cm v s dng mt cng nht nh. Cng Firewire:

___Cng ny dng kt ni vi cc thit b k thut s nh my nh s, Camera,... a s my s khng c cng ny. Cng Ethernet (mng):

___Cng ny dng kt ni cc my vi tnh vi nhau thng qua cc thit b mng, kt ni vi Router (Modem) ADSL truy cp Internet tc cao. Lu : Khi tho dy dy cm vo cng ny cn phi n thanh kha vo st u cm ri mi rt dy ra. Cng Audio (m thanh):

___Cng mu xanh l kt ni vi loa (Speaker) hoc tay nghe (Headphone). ___Cng mu hng kt ni vi Micro. ___Cng mu xanh da tri dng ly tn hiu m thanh t cc thit b bn ngoi vo my vi tnh. Nu thit b m thanh c h tr s dng nhiu loa (4.1, 5.1, 6.1,...) th c kt ni nh sau:

___Cng mu xanh l kt ni vi hai loa (tri v phi) nm pha trc (Front). ___Cng mu cam (vng) kt ni vi hai loa (tri v phi) nm pha sau (Rear).

___Cng mu en kt ni vi loa trung tm (Center) v loa trm (SubWoofer). ___Cng mu hng kt ni vi Micro. ___Cng mu xanh da tri dng ly tn hiu m thanh t cc thit b bn ngoi vo my vi tnh. Cng VGA:

___Cng ny c mu xanh dng, dng kt ni vi dy tn hiu ca mn hnh (Monitor). Cng S-Video:

Cng ny dng ly tn hiu Video a vo cc thit b thu hay pht hnh nh Tivi, u my Video,... v cc thit b ny cng phi c cng S-Video. Mt s my c cng Video thng thng thay cho cng S-Video. Cng DVI:

___Cng ny dng kt ni vi cc thit b s dng giao tip DVI nh mn hnh LCD, my chiu,... Cng Modem:

___Cng ny dng kt ni vi dng dy in thoi truy cp Internet thng qua mng in thoi hoc truyn d liu Fax.

Cch rp cc Card m rng cho my vi tnhCc Mainboard hin nay hu ht u c tch hp sn cc thit b nh Video, Audio, Net... trn , tuy nhin nu mun vn c th gn thm cc thit b khc nh Video Card (Card mn hnh), Sound card (m thanh)... Sau y l cc bc gn Card m rng cho my vi tnh: ___Trc ht cn phi xc nh loi Card cn gn l g v gn vo khe cm no, c th xem sch hng dn km theo Mainboard v Card bit r.

___Tho ming che khe cm nm pha sau ca thng my, v tr ca cc ming che ny s nm trn khe cm mt cht.

___Gn Card vo khe cm v dng tay nhn cht Card vo khe cm.

___Bt vit nh v Card vi thng my.

Lu : Phi gn Card vo ng loi khe cm, cc chn cm phi st vo khe cm. Thng thng sau khi bt my h iu hnh s t pht hin ra thit b v yu cu ci chng trnh iu khin (Driver) cho thit b. Nu vic ci t Driver khng thnh cng, thng l do xung t gia cc thit b vi nhau th c th khc phc bng cch i Card sang khe cm khc nu cn trng.

Cch rp Modem vo my vi tnh

Modem l thit b h tr kt ni v truyn d liu gia my vi tnh v cc h thng mng thng qua ng dy in thoi. Trc y, Modem c s dng rng ri trong vic kt ni Internet, nhng do c tc kh chm nn c thay th bng cc Modem ADSL vi tc cao hn. Hin nay, Modem ch yu c s dng trong vic truyn d liu tc thp nh in thoi, fax... ___Modem c 2 loi, loi gn bn trong my vi tnh (Internal) v loi bn ngoi (External). Sau y l cch lp rp internal Modem vo my vi tnh: Vn cc con vt nm pha sau hoc bn hng thng my v tho tho np y ra.

___Xc nh khe cm PCI (khe ny thng c mu trng v trn MainBoard cng c ghi l PCI Slot) ri vn vt tho ming che khe cm ra. Mt s thng my c cc ming che cn dnh mt cht vi thng my, phi dng km b ra. Nu cn th c th che chn Bo mch ch (MainBoard) v thc hin cn thn.

___Lp Modem vo khe PCI va mi tho ming che. Dng tay nhn cht Modem vo rnh ca khe cm.

___Dng vt vn cht Modem li.

___y np thng my li.

___Cm dy in thoi t ngoi vo hoc t l cm m tng vo l Line trn Modem.

___ M my v tin hnh ci t chng trnh iu khin (Driver) cho Modem, chng trnh ny nm trong da CD-ROM km theo Modem (Xem hng dn cch ci Driver). Lu : Nu mun s dng chung in thoi vi ng dy ny th cm in thoi vo l Phone. Mt s Modem c thm l cm cho Micro (ni) v Line Out (Nghe) dng trong cc chng trnh m thoi trc tuyn thng qua Modem, nu mun s dng th c th kt ni ging trong hnh sau y: