INDUSTRIAL SAFETY &

HEALTH

CKB 30103

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this topic, you will be able to;

1. Understand the definition of hazard.

2. Understand the definition of accident.

3. Understand the definition of risk.

4. Identify the hazard and its type (specific & class)

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SKIKDA, ALGERIA

19 January 2004 at 6.40 pm

Explosion at LNG plant ( 6 trains)

Damage almost the whole plant facilities

Affect to human being

27 death

72 injured

7 missing

Effect to the surrounding/neighbouring area:-

Damaged of Power station

Refinery – on fire and need to be close.3

Process Plant Disaster

SKIKDA, ALGERIA

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SKIKDA, ALGERIA

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PORT KEMBLA, NSW,

AUSTRALIA

28 January 2004

Ethanol storage tank on fire

(7 millions litre)

One worker injured

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GHISLENGHEN, BELGIUM

30 July 2004. 9.00 am

Gas pipeline exploded.

Effect to human being

18 death

120 injured

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BHOPAL, INDIA 03 December 1984

Union Carbide Plant

Southern part of India at Madhya Pradesh

Plant manufactured pesticide, in operation

since 1969

Methyl Isocyanate(MIC) immediate product

Leakage at MIC storage tank

25 tonnes metyl isocyanate were released.

Effect to human being

2000 death

20,000 injured

Effect to environment / surrounding

No damage to plant facilities.8

HISTORY PROCESS PLANT DISASTER

Flixboro, UK

June 1974

Nypro Limited

Cyclohexane as raw material

Plant capacity 70,000 ton/year cyprolactam

6 reactors

Leakage at reactor 5 caused release of 30 tonnes of hazardous materials.

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FLIXBORO, UK

Effect to human being

28 death

36 injured

Damage 1821 houses and 167 shop

lots

55 public were injured.

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LATEST INDUSTRIAL DISASTER

Chemical Plant : Explosion

at West Fertilizer Company

in West Texas

Losses: At least 14 people

were killed, more than 160

were injured and more than

150 buildings were damaged

or destroyed.

Date: 17.4.2013

Food Industry: Dust

Explosion at Imperial Sugar

in Port Wentworth Georgia,

United States.

Losses: Thirteen people were

killed and 42 injured

Date: 7.2.2008

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CHEMICAL TANKER EXPLODES OFF

MALAYSIA

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The Bunga Alpina ablaze in Labuan,

Malaysia

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Hazard :

“Any sources, situations or acts with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the workplace, environment, or combination of these”

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Accident :

Unplanned event or sequence of events that has undesirable consequences that could lead to health effects, economical losses and public relation losses.

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Risk :

“Combination of the probability or

likelihood and severity or

consequence(s) of a specified

hazardous event occurring .”

Types of Hazards :

Physical Hazard

Chemical Hazard

Biological Hazard [biohazard]

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Types of Hazards :

Electrical Hazard.

Environmental Hazard.

Psycho-social Hazard – stress, sexual harassment etc.

Radiation

Ergonomic – awkward posture, standing at work, manual handling etc. 17

Physical Hazards

Slippery surfaces (floor)- cause slip,

trip and fall

Moving equipment / Mechanical

hazards

Falling objects

Protruding / sharp object18

FAILURE TO IDENTIFY HAZARDS

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WORKING AT HEIGHTS

Worker could fall and sustain injury.

HOISTING EQUIPMENT

Load could shift or fall.

FRAYED CONNECTIONS

Corrosion.

Chemical Hazards

Corrosive

Flammable

Reactive

Toxic

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Biological Hazards

Bacteria

Fungi

Poisonous animal

Virus

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ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

Ergonomic hazards refer to workplace conditions that pose

the risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system of the worker.

Examples of musculoskeletal injuries include tennis elbow (an

inflammation of a tendon in the elbow) and carpal tunnel syndrome (a condition affecting the hand and wrist).

Ergonomic hazards include repetitive and forceful

movements, vibration, temperature extremes, glare (light

illumination) and awkward postures that arise from improper

work methods and improperly designed workstations, tools,

and equipment.

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AWKWARD POSTURE

Good sitting posture

Bad sitting posture

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FAILURE TO IDENTIFY/MANAGE HAZARDS

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